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January–March 2021 in science

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This article lists a number of significant events in science that have occurred in the first quarter of 2021.

Events

[edit]

January

[edit]
Science Summary for this section (January)
6 January: The first systematic review of the scientific evidence around global waste, its management and its impact on human health and life is published.[15]
  • 6 January
    • Scientists report the successful use of gene editing in mice with progeria, a premature aging disease.[16][17][18]
    • Chinese researchers report that they have built the world's largest integrated quantum communication network, combining over 700 optical fibers with two QKD-ground-to-satellite links for a total distance between nodes of the network of networks of up to ~4,600 km.[19]
    • The first systematic review of the scientific evidence around global waste, its management and its impact on human health and life is published, providing assessments, suggestions for corrective action, engineering solutions and requests for further research. It finds that about half of all the municipal solid terrestrial waste – or close to one billion tons per year – is either not collected or mismanaged after collection, often being burned in open and uncontrolled fires. Authors conclude that "massive risk mitigation can be delivered" while noting that broad priority areas each lack a "high-quality research base", partly due to the absence of "substantial research funding", which scientists often require.[15][20]
  • 7 January
    • A potential mRNA vaccine for multiple sclerosis is presented by a collaboration including BioNTech, with a study in mice showing great promise for improving symptoms and stopping disease progression.[21][22][18]
    • The Distribution and Frequency of P681H and D614G Mutations Among All SARS-CoV-2 Sequences by Month Reported in the GISAID Database in Year 2020
    • Time-series representations of mean relative body size
      Scientists conclude that environmental factors played a major role in the evolution of the slowly-evolving, currently low-diverse Crocodilia (and their ancestor-relatives), with warmer climate being associated with high evolutionary rates and large body sizes.[23]
  • 8 January
    • News outlets report that scientists, with the Juno spacecraft orbiting Jupiter, detected an FM radio signal from the moon Ganymede which is reportedly caused by cyclotron maser instability and similar to both WiFi-signals and Jupiter's radio emissions.[24][25] A study about the radio emissions was published in September 2020[26] but did not describe them to be of FM nature or similar to WiFi signals.[additional citation(s) needed]
    • Artist's conception of the quasar J0313–1806, seen as it was only 670 million years after the Big Bang
      Scientists report the discovery of the most distant, and therefore oldest, quasar, J0313–1806. It is located 13 bn light-years away, does not yet have an accepted non-identifier name and significantly challenges theoretical models of early SMBH growth, apparently existing just ~670 million years after the Big Bang despite its large size.[27][28]
    • Archaeologists report that the African cultural phase, called Middle Stone Age, thought to have lasted from ~300–30 ka, lasted to ~11 ka in some places, highlighting significant spatial and temporal cultural variability.[29]
    • WASP-62b is confirmed to be the first hot Jupiter exoplanet without clouds or haze in its observable atmosphere.[30][31]
  • 12 January
13 January: A group of 17 high-ranking ecologists conclude that current challenges – themselves individually – that humanity faces and which may lead to a "ghastly" future are large and underestimated.[36]
25 January: Global ice loss is found to be accelerating at a record rate in a scientific review, matching the worst-case scenarios of the IPCC.[57]

February

[edit]
Science Summary for this section (February)
  • 2 February
  • 5 February
  • 8 February – Scientists report an updated status of studies considering the possible detection of lifeforms on Venus (via of phosphine) and Mars (via methane).[88]
  • 9 February
    • The UAE's Hope spacecraft becomes the first Arabian mission to successfully enter orbit around Mars.[89]
    • A study using a high spatial resolution model and an updated concentration-response function finds that 10.2 million global excess deaths in 2012 and 8.7 million in 2018 – or a fifth[dubiousdiscuss] – were due to air pollution generated by fossil fuel combustion, significantly higher than earlier estimates and with spatially subdivided mortality impacts.[90][91]
    • 9 February: Updated probabilistic forecast of CO2 emissions, based on data to 2015 and the method of Raftery et al.[92]
      A study concludes that the rates of emissions reductions need to increase by 80% beyond NDCs to meet the 2 °C upper target range of the Paris Agreement, that the probabilities of major emitters meeting their NDCs without such an increase is very low, estimating that with current trends the probability of staying below 2 °C of warming is 5% and if NDCs were met and continued post-2030 by all signatory systems 26%.[93][92]
    • A study finds that air pollution by nitrogen dioxide could be a technosignature by which one could detect extraterrestrial civilizations via "atmospheric SETI".[94][95][96]
  • 10 February
18 February: NASA's Perseverance rover lands on Mars.

March

[edit]
Science Summary for this section
1 March: A review classifies SETI technosignatures.[138]
9 March: Erik Lentz describes a way warp drives sourced from known and familiar purely positive energy could exist.[165]
11 March: A review finds that the Amazon basin currently emits more greenhouse gases than it absorbs overall.[185]
24 March: A view of the M87* supermassive black hole in polarised light

Deaths

[edit]
  • 4 January – Martinus J. G. Veltman, Dutch theoretical physicist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1931)
  • 28 January – Paul J. Crutzen, Dutch meteorologist and atmospheric chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1933)
  • 16 February – Bernard Lown, Lithuanian-born American inventor and cardiologist (b. 1921)[224]

See also

[edit]
To display all pages, subcategories and images click on the "►":

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ "Plan S: Accelerating the transition to full and immediate Open Access to scientific publications" (PDF). Science Europe. 4 September 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  3. ^ "European countries demand that publicly funded research should be free to all". The Economist. 15 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  4. ^ "'Plan S' and 'cOAlition S' – Accelerating the transition to full and immediate Open Access to scientific publications". coalition-s.org. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  5. ^ Knapton, Sarah (4 January 2021). "The Earth is spinning faster now than at any time in the past half century". The Telegraph. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
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  27. ^ "Astronomers discover oldest, most distant quasar and supermassive black hole 13 billion light years away". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
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