Shidaidaka
Shidaidaka (次第高) are a yōkai of the Chūgoku region.
Summary
[edit]They are told about in the Tottori Prefecture,[1] in Niyomiya,[2] Atoichi,[2] and Tsunozu[2] of Gōtsu, Shimane Prefecture, Iwakuni,[3] Asa District,[4] and Abu District[4] of Yamaguchi Prefecture, the Hiroshima Prefecture,[3] the Okayama Prefecture, etc.[3]
It is a humanoid yōkai that appears above roads, and when those that see it look up, the shidaidaka would accordingly grow taller. In reverse, if one looks down it becomes shorter, but if one doesn't look down, it would steadily grow taller.[5]
Therefore, if one ever meets a Shidaidaka, then one must never look up. In reverse, if one looks further and further downwards, the shidaidaka would steadily become smaller, and then disappear.[6] In Sakurae, Ōchi District, Shimane Prefecture (now Gōtsu), in a place called Kawato, when a shidaidaka appears, one must never look at it from beneath one's thighs.[2] It is a type of mikoshi-nyūdō, and is thus of the same type as the taka-nyūdō, the nyūdō-bōzu, the nobiagari, etc.[1][6]
According to a folktale in Hazumi, Ōchi, Shimane Prefecture, it is said that when one goes out on a hunt, whatever spoils one gets, it is best to leave at least one last bullet to prepare for when a shidaidaka would appear in order to kill it. In Matsukawa, Gōtsu, Shidaidaka are also said to be the boss of nekomata, and when a certain hunter went to bring down a shidaidaka, its true form was, as thought, a nekomata.[7]
Also, in the Shimane Prefecture, there is also a legend about a strange occurrence that has a similar name, the "shidaizaka" ("しだい坂"). When a person walks on a path towards Sanbe Mountain, the path steadily becomes more inclined, and when someone becomes surprised and looks upward, the entire hill becomes larger, and thus traps that person,[8] but there is a theory that this legend comes from the shidaidaka, with changes in its name and content.[6]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b 多田克己 (1990). 幻想世界の住人たち. Truth in fantasy. Vol. IV. 新紀元社. pp. 99頁. ISBN 978-4-915146-44-2.
- ^ a b c d "民話館 三枚のお札". 出雲かんべの里. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
- ^ a b c 村上健司編著 (2005). 日本妖怪大事典. Kwai books. 角川書店. pp. 163頁. ISBN 978-4-04-883926-6.
- ^ a b 民俗学研究所編著 (1955). 柳田國男監修 (ed.). 綜合日本民俗語彙. Vol. 第2巻. 平凡社. pp. 693頁.
- ^ 柳田國男 (September 1938). "妖怪名彙". 民間伝承. 第4巻 (第1号（通巻第37号）): 12頁.
- ^ a b c 水木しげる (1994). 図説 日本妖怪大全. 講談社+α文庫. 講談社. pp. 252頁. ISBN 978-4-06-256049-8.
- ^ 藤井和子 (2004-10-18). "次第高". スーちゃんの妖怪通信 〜日本の民話・妖怪・昔話 語りおろし〜. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
- ^ 谷川健一監修 (1987). 別冊太陽 日本の妖怪. 平凡社. pp. 135頁. ISBN 978-4-582-92057-4.