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St. Augustine Church (Philadelphia)

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St. Augustine's Catholic Church
St. Augustine Church (Philadelphia) is located in Pennsylvania
St. Augustine Church (Philadelphia)
Location4th and New Sts., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Area2 acres (0.81 ha)
Built1847 (1847)
Architectural stylePalladian
NRHP reference No.76001670[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPJune 15, 1976
Designated PHMCOctober 28, 1995[2]

St. Augustine Catholic Church, also called Olde St. Augustine's, is a historic Catholic church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Consecrated in 1848, the Palladian-style church was designed by Napoleon LeBrun. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The church was built to replace the Old St. Augustine Church which was completed in 1801. The first Order of Hermits of St. Augustine church founded in the United States, the original St Augustine housed the Liberty Bell's "Sister Bell". The church was burned down in the anti-Catholic Philadelphia Nativist Riots on May 8, 1844. The church sued the city of Philadelphia for not providing it with adequate protection. The money awarded to the church went to rebuilding the current church, which broke ground on May 27, 1847. Organizations founded by the church led to the creation of both Villanova University and the Philadelphia Orchestra.

History

Old church

Fathers Matthew Carr and John Rosseter were sent to Philadelphia by the Roman Catholic Church to buy land to build a church in the city. St. Augustine's Church began construction in 1796 to a design by Philadelphia architect Nicholas FitzMaurice Fagan (d. 1810) and was the first Order of Hermits of St. Augustine church founded in the United States. After delays as a result of yellow fever outbreaks among the workers and funding issues, the church was completed in 1801. Contributors for construction of St. Augustine's included President George Washington, John Barry, Stephen Girard, and Thomas Fitzsimons.[3]

St. Augustine Church on fire.

In 1811 the St. Augustine Academy, a boy's school, was founded; the school included the largest theological library in the city. The origins of Villanova University are traced back to St. Augustine Academy.

The church became a center of musical activity in the city.[3] In 1820 a musical celebration to raise funds for the church attracted attention and musicians around the United States.

On May 27, 1821 Bishop Henry Conwell excommunicated William Hogan at the church.[4]

A cupola and tower were added to the church in 1829. Loaned to the church in the late 1820s by Independence Hall, the "Sister Bell", a bell that was cast to replace the Liberty Bell, was placed in St. Augustine's tower.[3]

By the 1840s Philadelphia's Irish Catholic population was growing rapidly due to immigrants settling in the city. In 1838, half the church's parishioners were Irish-born and only one-sixth of St. Augustine's parishioners were born in the United States. The rising immigrant and Catholic population was fueling nativist and anti-Catholic groups in Philadelphia. Tensions spread by rumors that Catholics were trying to ban the Bible from public schools led to the Nativist Riots of 1844.

Violence beginning on May 6 in the Kensington District led to a mob gathering in front of St Augustine's Church on May 8. The city troops had stationed themselves near the church and Mayor John Morin Scott pleaded with the rioters for calm. Despite Mayor Scott's pleas, he was pelted with rocks and the church was set afire. The church was destroyed, the crowd cheering when the cupola fell. The St. Augustine Academy, including many of its rare books, was also destroyed.[5][6]

Current church

Steeple (2013)

During the three months after the church was destroyed, St. Augustine's congregation was allowed to use Old St. Joseph's Church. Three months after the riot, a new temporary church, the chapel of Our Lady of Consolation, was built and dedicated on October 27, 1844. This chapel fronted on Crown St. (now N. Lawrence St.) and adjoined St. Augustine's when the church was later rebuilt. Our Lady of Consolation was torn down in 1871 to make way for parish schools on Crown St. The friars of St. Augustine sued the city of Philadelphia for not providing the church enough protection during the riots, claiming US$80,000 in damages. The city argued that the friars could not claim their civil rights were violated as the Order of St. Augustine was a foreign organization under the authority of the Pope. The city also argued that the friars took a vow of poverty and could not be property owners. The Augustinians ended up proving the Order St. Augustine was incorporated in the US in 1804 and was awarded US$45,000.[3]

Pastor Years
Matthew Carr     1801–1820
Michael Hurley     1820–1837
Nicholas O'Donnell     1837–1839
Patrick Eugene Moriarty     1839–1844
John Possidius O'Dwyer     1844–1850
Patrick Eugene Moriarty     1850–1855
Patrick Augustine Stanton     1855–1857
Ambrose Augustine Mullen     1857–1861
Mark Crane     1861–1871
Peter Crane     1871–?
John F. O'Rourke[7]     ?–2003
Joseph S. Mostardi, O.S.A.     2003–2008
James D. McBurney, O.S.A.     2008–2012
Michael J. Slattery, O.S.A.     2012–2014
William F. Waters, O.S.A.     2014–Present
Sources: John T. Scharf, History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884[4]
and Augustinians, Province of Saint Thomas of Villanova[8]

The cornerstone of the new church was laid on May 27, 1847 and the church was completed in December 1848. The church was consecrated by Bishop Francis Kenrick and Archbishop John Hughes presided over High Mass on November 5, 1848. The church continued to be a center of musical activity. A music director at St. Augustine founded the Choral Society of Philadelphia, which, along with musicians at the church, were involved in the organization of the Philadelphia Orchestra in 1900. Philadelphia's first performance of George Frideric Handel's Messiah was held at the church.[3]

On June 15, 1976, St. Augustine's Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[1] By 1988 the congregation of St. Augustine had shrunk to fewer than a dozen. The 1990s saw the congregation grow with Filipino Catholics from Philadelphia and the city's suburbs. In December 1992 an exact replica of Santo Niño de Cebú was dedicated, and Filipinos have held a special mass and festivals for Santo Niño.[3][9] Also in December 1992, a severe storm severely damaged the church's steeple. Debris from the steeple fell onto the Benjamin Franklin Bridge, which had to be closed for three days. The damage was severe enough that the steeple had to be disassembled and removed.[10] From a damaged roof, the church and art inside suffered water damage.[3] A new steeple was erected on October 18, 1995.[11] The steeple was replicated by Campbellsville Industries, "The Steeple People", located in Campbellsville, Kentucky.

St. Augustine's was featured in the 1999 thriller The Sixth Sense and the 2007 action movie Shooter.

Architecture

The Old St. Augustine Church was designed by Nicholas FitzMaurice Fagan, whose father-in-law, lumber merchant John Walsh, provided most of the lumber for the church. The church, designed in Roman Style, was twenty-five feet long and sixty-two feet wide. Its interior included a life-sized statue of the Crucifixion (1810) by sculptor William Rush. The tower and cupola added in 1829 was designed by William Strickland, who also designed the Merchant's Exchange and the Second Bank of the United States.[4]

The current church was designed by architect Napoleon LeBrun, who also designed the Academy of Music. The church is an example of Palladian architecture. The main arched altar consists of white marble with shafts of Mexican onyx that border the tabernacle. Framing the altar is an archway supported by Corinthian columns. Above the altar sits a domed skylight. Stained-glass windows, each dedicated to a saint, allow in light throughout the church.[3]

See also

References

Notes
  1. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. ^ "PHMC Historical Markers". Historical Marker Database. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Olde St. Augustine Church". Independence Hall Association. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
  4. ^ a b c Scharf, John Thomas; Thompson Westcott (1884). History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884. L. H. Everts & co. pp. Pages 1376–1379.
  5. ^ Margaret E. Fitzgerald (1992). "The Philadelphia Nativists Riots". Irish Cultural Society of the Garden City Area. Archived from the original on 2008-01-03. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
  6. ^ Peixotto, Ernest C.; Agnes Repplier (1898). Philadelphia: The Place and the People. The Macmillan Company. pp. Pages 348–349.
  7. ^ "St. Augustine: Parish Information". St. Augustine's Catholic Church. Archived from the original on 2002-06-10. Retrieved 2008-07-27.
  8. ^ "New Ministries at Old Saint Augustine Church". Augustinians, Province of Saint Thomas of Villanova. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
  9. ^ Clark, Vernon (March 4, 2007). "Telling the stories of cherished places: Project puts oral histories on videotape". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  10. ^ Landry, Peter (December 13, 1992). "In Phila., Storm had Historic Impact St. Augustine's Damaged Steeple will Come Down Today". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  11. ^ Tobia, Peter (October 19, 1995). "A Church, a Steeple and Many Thankful People". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
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