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Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire

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Suleiman II
سليمان ثانى
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Kayser-i Rûm
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
Caliph of Islam
20th Ottoman Sultan (Emperor)
Reign8 November 1687 – 22 June 1691
PredecessorMehmed IV
SuccessorAhmed II
Born15 April 1642
Topkapı Palace, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Died22 or 23 June 1691(1691-06-23) (aged 49)
Edirne Palace, Edirne, Ottoman Empire
Burial
Süleymaniye Mosque, Istanbul
ConsortsHatice Kadın[1]
Behzad Kadın[1]
İvaz Kadın[1]
Süğlün Kadın[1]
Şehsuvar Kadın[1]
Zeyneb Kadın[1]
Names
Suleiman bin Ibrahim
DynastyOttoman
FatherIbrahim
MotherAşub Sultan
ReligionSunni Islam
TughraSuleiman II سليمان ثانى's signature

Suleiman II (15 April 1642 – 22/23 June 1691) (Ottoman Turkish: سليمان ثانى Süleymān-i sānī) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1687 to 1691. After being brought to the throne by an armed mutiny, Suleiman and his grand vizier Fazıl Mustafa Pasha were successfully able to turn the tide of the War of the Holy League, reconquering Belgrade in 1690, as well as carrying out significant fiscal and military reforms.

Early life

Suleiman II was born on 15 April 1642 at Topkapı Palace in Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ibrahim and Aşub Sultan, a Serb woman originally named Katarina.[2][3][4] Suleiman was only 3 months younger than his half-brother Mehmed IV, who was born on 2 January 1642. After the deposition and execution of his father in 1648, Suleiman's half-brother Mehmed came to the throne. In 1651, Suleiman was confined in kafes (cage), a kind of luxurious prison for princes of the blood within the Topkapı Palace (it was designed to ensure that none could organize a rebellion), and he stayed there for 36 years until he took the throne in 1687.

Reign

The Ottoman Army after suffering a devastating defeat during the Second Battle of Mohács.

Shortly before he assumed the throne, the Ottomans suffered a devastating defeat at the second Battle of Mohács in 1687. In 1688, Suleiman II urgently requested for assistance against the rapidly advancing Austrians, during the Ottoman–Habsburg War, but Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and his forces were too heavily engaged in the Deccan Wars against the Marathas to commit to any formal assistance to their desperate Ottoman allies.[5]

Suleiman II shrewdly appointed Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha as his Grand Vizier on 25 October 1689, leading to the reconquest of Belgrade in 1690. Even so, when Russia joined an alliance of European powers, the Ottomans lost the support of their Crimean allies, who were forced to defend themselves from Russian invasion. Under Köprülü's leadership, the Ottomans halted an Austrian advance into Serbia and crushed an uprising in Macedonia and Bulgaria until Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha was killed in the Battle of Slankamen by Austrian forces, two months after Suleiman II died at Edirne Palace in 1691.

  • Tughra of Suleiman II
    Tughra of Suleiman II
  • Suleiman II in Croatia
    Suleiman II in Croatia
  • Coin of Suleiman II
    Coin of Suleiman II
  • Suleiman II
    Suleiman II
  • Suleiman II
    Suleiman II

See also

Sources

  1. ^ a b c d e f M. Çağatay Uluçay, Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları, Ötüken Publications, p. 113.
  2. ^ "Sultan II. Süleyman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
  3. ^ Günseli İnal; Semiramis Arşivi (2005). Semiramis: Sultan'ın gözünden şenlik. YKY. p. 27. ISBN 978-975-08-0928-6. Siileyman'in annesi Sirp Katrin yani Dilasiip Hatun
  4. ^ Ali Kemal Meram (1977). Padişah anaları: resimli belgesel tarih romanı. Öz Yayınları. p. 325.
  5. ^ Mughal-Ottoman relations: a study of political & diplomatic relations ... - Naimur Rahman Farooqi - Google Boeken. Books.google.com. 1989. Retrieved 29 April 2012.

Media related to Suleiman II at Wikimedia Commons


Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire
Born: 15 April 1642 Died: 22 June 1691[aged 49]
Regnal titles
Preceded by Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
8 November 1687 – 22 June 1691 		Succeeded by
Sunni Islam titles
Preceded by Caliph of Islam
8 November 1687 – 22 June 1691 		Succeeded by
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