Tennin
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Tennin (天人), which may include tenshi (天使), ten no tsukai (天の使い, lit. heavenly messenger) and the specifically female tennyo (天女) are spiritual beings found in Japanese Buddhism that are similar to western angels, nymphs or fairies.[citation needed] They were imported from Chinese Buddhism,[1] which was influenced itself by the concepts of heavenly beings found in Indian Buddhism and Chinese Taoism.
Tennin are mentioned in Buddhist sutras[citation needed], and these descriptions form the basis for depictions of the beings in Japanese art, sculpture, and theater. They are usually pictured as unnaturally beautiful women dressed in ornate, colorful kimonos (traditionally in five colors), exquisite jewelry, and flowing scarves that wrap loosely around their bodies. They usually carry lotus blossoms as a symbol of enlightenment or play musical instruments such as the biwa, or flute.[2][3]
Tennin are believed to live in the Buddhist heaven as the companions to the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. Some legends[citation needed] also make certain tennin solitary creatures living on mountain peaks. Pilgrims sometimes climb these mountains in order to meet the holy spirits.
Tennin can fly, a fact generally indicated in art by their colored or feathered kimonos, called hagoromo ("dress of feathers").[1] In some legends, tennin are unable to fly without these kimonos (and thus cannot return to heaven).[4] More rarely, they are shown with feathered wings.[2] In a Noh play Hagoromo, which bears a number of similarities to the Western swan maiden legends,[5] tennyo come to the earth and take off their hagoromo. A fisherman spies them and hides their clothes in order to force one to marry him. After some years he tells his wife what he did, and she finds her clothes and returns to heaven.[4] The legend says it occurred on the beach of Miyo, now a part of the city of Shizuoka.
See also
References
- ^ a b An Overview of Japanese Folklore at the Mukashibanashi Library
- ^ a b Tennin at GODS of Japan, A-to-Z Photo Dictionary of Japanese Buddhism (Buddhist & Shinto Deities)
- ^ Hearn, Lafcadio, Glimpses of an Unfamiliar Japan at Project Gutenberg online book catalog
- ^ a b Waley, Arthur (1921), The Noh Plays of Japan, Chapter V, p. 177, "A Note on Hagoromo" Cite error: The named reference "Noh" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ The Legend of Connor O'Quin and the Swan Maiden at Folklore of the Burren