Thelma & Louise
Thelma & Louise | |
---|---|
File:Thelma & Louiseposter.jpg Theatrical release poster | |
Directed by | Ridley Scott |
Written by | Callie Khouri |
Produced by | Ridley Scott Mimi Polk Gitlin |
Starring | Susan Sarandon Geena Davis Harvey Keitel Michael Madsen Brad Pitt |
Cinematography | Adrian Biddle |
Edited by | Thom Noble |
Music by | Hans Zimmer |
Distributed by | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
Release date |
|
Running time | 129 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $16.5 million |
Box office | $45.4 million (North America)[1] |
Thelma & Louise is a 1991 American road film directed by Ridley Scott and written by Callie Khouri. It stars Geena Davis as Thelma and Susan Sarandon as Louise, two friends who embark on a road trip with disastrous consequences. The supporting cast include Harvey Keitel, Michael Madsen, and Brad Pitt, whose career was launched by the film.
The film became a critical and commercial success, receiving six Academy Award nominations and winning one for Best Original Screenplay for Khouri. Scott was nominated for Best Director, and both Sarandon and Davis were nominated for Best Actress. At its release the film stirred controversy, partly because it portrayed two heroines responding by arms to male violence. At the intersection of several genres, it is now considered a classic, influenced other films and artistic works, and became a cult of feminism.
Plot
Two friends, Thelma Dickinson (Geena Davis) and Louise Sawyer (Susan Sarandon), set out for a two-day vacation to take a break from their dreary lives. Thelma is married to a controlling man, Darryl (Christopher McDonald), while Louise works as a waitress in a diner, and is dating a musician who spends most of his time on the road. They head out in Louise's 1966 Ford Thunderbird convertible.
They stop for a drink at a roadhouse, where Thelma meets and dances with Harlan Puckett (Timothy Carhart). Thelma starts not to feel so good, so Harlan takes her outside into the parking lot to get some fresh air and he soon lifts her up onto one of the cars there and starts kissing her and taking her clothes off, saying "I'm not going to hurt you". Thelma says "No, NO!" and struggles, but Harlan slaps her and keeps on going until Louise finds them and threatens to shoot Harlan with a gun that Thelma brought with her. Harlan stops, but as the women walk away, he yells profanity and insults them. Louise loses her temper and fires, killing him. Thelma wants to go to the police, but Louise says that because Thelma was drunk and had been dancing with Harlan, no one would believe her claim of attempted rape. Afraid that she will be prosecuted, Louise decides to go on the run and Thelma accompanies her.
Louise is determined to travel from Oklahoma to Mexico, but refuses to go through Texas. It is revealed that something happened to her in Texas years earlier, but she refuses to say exactly what. Heading west, they come across an attractive young man named J.D. (Brad Pitt), and Thelma convinces Louise to let him hitch a ride with them. Louise contacts her boyfriend Jimmy Lennox (Michael Madsen) and asks him to wire transfer her life savings to her. When she goes to pick up the money, she finds that Jimmy has come to see her to deliver the money in person. Thelma invites J.D. into her room and learns he is a thief who has broken parole. They sleep together, and J.D. describes how he conducted his hold-ups. At the same time, Jimmy asks Louise to marry him, but she declines.
In the morning, Thelma tells Louise about her night with J.D. When they return to the motel room, they discover J.D. has stolen Louise's life savings and fled. Louise is distraught and frozen with indecision, so the guilty Thelma takes charge and robs a convenience store using the tactics she learned from listening to J.D. Meanwhile, the FBI are getting closer to catching the fugitives, after questioning J.D. and Jimmy, and tapping the phone line at Darryl's house. Detective Hal Slocumb (Harvey Keitel) discovers that Louise had been raped years earlier in Texas. During a couple of brief phone conversations with her, he expresses sympathy for her predicament and pledges to protect her, but he is unsuccessful in his attempts to persuade her to surrender.
When they are pulled over by a state trooper (Jason Beghe), Thelma holds him at gunpoint and locks him in the trunk of his car, while Louise takes his gun and ammunition. They then encounter a truck driver (Marco St. John) who repeatedly makes obscene gestures at them. They pull over to demand an apology, but when he refuses, they fire at the fuel tanker he is driving, causing it to explode. Leaving the man furious (and stealing his hat), they drive off.
Thelma and Louise are finally cornered by the authorities only one hundred yards from the edge of the Grand Canyon. Hal arrives on the scene, but he is refused the chance to make one last attempt to talk the women into surrendering themselves. Rather than be captured and spend the rest of their lives in jail, Thelma proposes that they "keep going" (over the cliff). Louise asks Thelma if she is certain, and Thelma says yes. They kiss, Louise steps on the accelerator, and they ride the car over the cliff to their deaths.
Cast
- Susan Sarandon as Louise Elizabeth Sawyer
- Geena Davis as Thelma Yvonne Dickinson
- Harvey Keitel as Detective Hal Slocumb
- Michael Madsen as Jimmy Lennox
- Christopher McDonald as Darryl Dickinson
- Stephen Tobolowsky as Max
- Brad Pitt as J.D.
- Timothy Carhart as Harlan Puckett
- Jason Beghe as State Trooper
- Marco St. John as Truck Driver
Production
Although the setting for the film is a fictional route between Arkansas and the Grand Canyon, the movie was filmed almost entirely in the states of California and Utah. The primary filming locations for the movie are rural areas around Bakersfield, California and Moab, Utah. The Grand Canyon scenes were actually filmed just south of Dead Horse Point State Park in Utah.[2]
Reception
General
The film was an overwhelming critical success. Metacritic lists a composite critical score of 88 out of 100.[3] Rotten Tomatoes rates Thelma & Louise 83% "Fresh". Janet Maslin of The New York Times had only praise for the film in her review: "Mr. Scott's Thelma and Louise, with a sparkling screenplay by the first-time writer Callie Khouri, is a surprise on this and many other scores. It reveals the previously untapped talent of Mr. Scott (best known for majestically moody action films like Alien, Blade Runner and Black Rain) for exuberant comedy, and for vibrant American imagery, notwithstanding his English roots. It reimagines the buddy film with such freshness and vigor that the genre seems positively new. It discovers unexpected resources in both its stars, Susan Sarandon and Geena Davis, who are perfectly teamed as the spirited and original title characters."[4] Roger Ebert also praised the film, but withheld a perfect score on the basis of "the last shot before the titles begin. It's a freeze frame that fades to white, which is fine, except it does so with unseemly haste... It's unsettling to get involved in a movie that takes 128 minutes to bring you to a payoff that the filmmakers seem to fear."[5]
The film was screened out of competition at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival.[6] After watching the film, singer-songwriter Tori Amos wrote "Me and a Gun", the story of her rape six years earlier, which she had told no one about before watching this film. Affected by a scene in the movie, Amos began sobbing publicly in a crowded movie theater and writing the lyrics to the song in her head.[7]
Argentinian singer and musician Fito Páez wrote a hit song called "Dos días en la vida" ("Two days in one lifetime") after watching this movie. The lyrics tell the story of the main characters, with verses played by singers Fabiana Cantilo (in the role of Thelma) and Celeste Carballo (Louise). It was one of the most successful singles from his 1992 album "El amor después del amor".
The final scene, where the two embrace each other before driving off a cliff, has become iconic. Numerous homages and parodies of the scene have appeared, including alternate movie endings, cartoon parodies, video game "Easter Eggs", and as a tragic ending to television series, music videos and commercials.[clarification needed]
The film also received harsh and significant criticism from those who thought it was anti-male and that its depictions of men were unfairly negative.[8][9]
Feminism
Numerous critics and writers have remarked on the feminist overtones of Thelma & Louise. Film critic B. Ruby Rich praises the film as an uncompromising validation of women's experiences,[10] while Kenneth Turan calls it a "neo-feminist road movie".[11] In her essay "The Daughters of Thelma and Louise", Jessica Enevold argues that the movie constitutes "an attack on conventional patterns of chauvinist male behavior toward females". In addition, it "exposes the traditional stereotyping of male-female relationships" while rescripting the typical gender roles of the road movie genre.[12]
However, in her review for The Los Angeles Times, film critic Sheila Benson objects to the characterization of the film as feminist, arguing that it is more preoccupied with revenge and violence than feminist values.[13]
In an article commemorating the film's 20th anniversary in 2011, Raina Lipsitz called it "the last great film about women" and said that it heralded the achievements of women that caused 1992 to become "the year of the woman". However, she also claimed that women-themed films have since been losing ground.[14]
Awards and honors
Khouri won an Academy Award for Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen; Scott, Davis, Sarandon, cinematographer Adrian Biddle, and film editor Thom Noble were nominated for Oscars.
Award | Category | Nominee | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Boston Society of Film Critics | Best Actress | Geena Davis | Won |
British Society of Cinematographers | Best Cinematography Award | Adrian Biddle | Nominated |
Los Angeles Film Critics Association | Best Actress | Geena Davis | Nominated |
NBR Award | Best Actress | Susan Sarandon | Won |
Geena Davis | |||
Top Ten Films | Won | ||
Saint Jordi Award | Best Foreign Actress | Susan Sarandon | Nominated |
Golden Spike Award | Ridley Scott | Won (tied with The Adjuster) | |
Academy Award | Best Original Screenplay | Callie Khouri | Won |
Best Actress in a Leading Role | Geena Davis | Nominated | |
Susan Sarandon | |||
Best Cinematography | Adrian Biddle | Nominated | |
Best Director | Ridley Scott | Nominated | |
Best Film Editing | Thom Noble | Nominated | |
BAFTA Award | Best Actress | Geena Davis | Nominated |
Susan Sarandon | |||
Best Cinematography | Adrian Bibble | Nominated | |
Best Direction | Ridley Scott | Nominated | |
Best Editing | Thom Noble | Nominated | |
Best Film | Ridley Scott Mimi Polk Gitlin |
Nominated | |
Best Original Film Score | Hans Zimmer | Nominated | |
Best Screenplay - Original | Callie Khouri | Nominated | |
Bodil Award | Best Non-European Film | Ridley Scott | Won |
Chicago Film Critics Association | Best Actress | Geena Davis | Nominated |
Susan Sarandon | |||
Best Director | Ridley Scott | Nominated | |
Best Picture | Nominated | ||
Best Screenplay | Callie Khouri | Nominated | |
César Award | Best Foreign Film | Ridley Scott | Nominated |
David di Donatello Award | Best Foreign Actress | Geena Davis | Won |
Susan Sarandon | |||
Best Foreign Film | Ridley Scott | Nominated | |
DGA Award | Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures | Ridley Scott | Nominated |
Golden Globe Award | Best Screenplay - Motion Picture | Callie Khouri | Won |
Best Motion Picture - Drama | Nominated | ||
Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama | Geena Davis | Nominated | |
Susan Sarandon | |||
Silver Ribbon | Best Female Dubbing | Rossella Izzo (voice of Louise) |
Won |
Best Foreign Director | Ridley Scott | Nominated | |
Critics' Circle Film Awards | Actress of the Year | Susan Sarandon (also for White Palace) |
Won |
Director of the Year | Ridley Scott | Won | |
Film of the Year | Won | ||
MTV Movie Award | Best Female Performance | Geena Davis | Nominated |
Best On-Screen Duo | Geena Davis Susan Sarandon |
Nominated | |
NSFC Award | Best Supporting Actor | Harvey Keitel (also for Bugsy and Mortal Thoughts) |
Won |
Best Actress | Susan Sarandon | Nominated | |
Literary Award | Screenplay | Callie Khouri | Won |
Writers Guild of America Award | Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen | Won |
The British Film Institute published a book[13] about the film in 2000, as part of a Modern Classics series. On the Writers Guild of America Award's 101 Best Screenplays List it made No. 72.[15] The film was ranked on the Australian program 20 to 1, in the episode Magnificent Movie Moments.
American Film Institute lists
- AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – Nominated
- AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills – #76
- AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains: Thelma Dickinson & Louise Sawyer – #24 Heroes
- AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – #78
- AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated
Soundtrack
Pete Haycock on slide guitar contributed to Thunderbird, the theme music for the film.[16] In addition to Glenn Frey's "Part of Me, Part of You", which became the film's primary theme song, the soundtrack included songs by Chris Whitley, Martha Reeves, Toni Childs, Marianne Faithfull, Charlie Sexton, Grayson Hugh, B.B. King, and Michael McDonald.
References
- ^ "Thelma and Louise (1991)". Box Office Mojo. 1991-08-06. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
- ^ "Movies filmed in the Moab area". Moab Area Travel Council. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
- ^ "Thelma & Louise Reviews, Ratings, Credits, and More". Metacritic. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
- ^ "Thelma & Louise (1991)" The New York Times. May 24, 1991.
- ^ Roger Ebert. "Thelma & Louise". Chicago Sun-Times.
- ^ "Festival de Cannes: Thelma & Louise". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
- ^ "Chasing Away the Demons, 20/20 Interview with Tori Amos". Healthy Place Inc. 1999-02-15. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
- ^ "Is This What Feminism Is All About?" Time, June 24, 1991.
- ^ "Callie Khouri Answers Critics Of 'Thelma And Louise'" Chicago Tribune. July 7, 1991.
- ^ Rich, B. Ruby (February 18, 2003). "Two for the Road". The Advocate: 48–49.
- ^ Dunne, Michael (2001). Intertextual Encounters in American Fiction, Film, and Popular Culture. Bowling Green State University Popular Press. p. 89. ISBN 0-87972-848-5.
- ^ Enevold, Jessica (2004). "The Daughters of Thelma and Louise". Gender, Genre & Identity in Women's Travel Writing. New York. pp. 73–95. ISBN 0-8204-4905-9.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Sturken, Marita (2000). Thelma and Louise. London: British Film Institute. p. 11. ISBN 0-85170-809-9.
- ^ "'Thelma & Louise': The Last Great Film About Women" The Atlantic, August 31, 2011.
- ^ Writers Guild of America, West: 101 list
- ^ Pierre Perrone (November 22, 2013). "Pete Haycock: Guitarist with the Climax Blues Band who went on to write film music for John Badham and Franc Roddam". The Independent. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
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Further reading
- Fournier, Gina. Thelma & Louise and Women in Hollywood. McFarland & Co., Inc. Publishers, 2007
- Cook, Bernie, editor. Thelma & Louise Live! The Cultural Afterlife of an American Film, The University of Texas Press, 2007
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png)
- 1991 films
- 1990s comedy-drama films
- American films
- Chase films
- English-language films
- Female buddy films
- Film duos
- Films directed by Ridley Scott
- Films set in Arkansas
- Films set in Arizona
- Films set in Oklahoma
- Films shot in California
- Films shot in Utah
- Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay Academy Award
- Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
- Midlife crisis films
- Road movies
- Film scores by Hans Zimmer
- American adventure films
- American action comedy films
- Girls with guns films
- American comedy-drama films
- Feminist films
- Films about rape