Tillamook language

Tillamook
Tillamook
Native to	United States
Region	Northwestern Oregon
Ethnicity	Tillamook, Siletz
Extinct	1972, with the death of Minnie Scovell
Language family	Salishan Coast Salish Tillamook; ;
Dialects	Tillamook; Siletz;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	til
Glottolog	till1254
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Tillamook is an extinct Salishan language, formerly spoken by the Tillamook people in northwestern Oregon, United States. The last fluent speaker was Minnie Scovell who died in 1972,^[2] in an effort to prevent the language from being lost, a group of researchers from the University of Hawaii interviewed the few remaining Tillamook-speakers and created a 120-page dictionary.^[3]

Phonology

Vowels

	Front	Back
High	i	ə
Low	æ	ɑ

Consonants

	Alveolar		Postalveolar / palatal	Velar		Uvular		Glottal
	Central	Lateral	Postalveolar / palatal	Unrounded	"Rounded"	Unrnd.	"Rnd."	Glottal
Stop	t			k	kᵓ	q	qᵓ	ʔ
Ejective	tʼ			kʼ	kᵓʼ	qʼ	qᵓʼ	ʔ
Affricate	t͡s		t͡ʃ
Ejective affricate	t͡sʼ	t͡ɬʼ	t͡ʃʼ
Fricative	s	ɬ	ʃ	x	xᵓ	χ	χᵓ	h
Nasal	n
Approximant		l	j		ɰᵓ

Internal Rounding

The so-called "rounded" consonants (traditionally marked with the diacritic ⟨ʷ⟩, but here indicated with ⟨ᵓ⟩), including rounded vowels and ⟨w⟩ (/ɰᵓ/), are not actually labialized. The acoustic effect of labialization is created entirely inside the mouth by cupping the tongue. Uvulars with this distinctive internal rounding have "a kind of ɔ timbre" while "rounded" front velars have ɯ coloring. These contrast and oppose otherwise very similar segments having ɛ or ɪ coloring—the "unrounded" consonants.

/w/ is also formed with this internal rounding instead of true labialization, making it akin to [ɰ]. So are vowel sounds formerly written as /o/ or /u/, which are best characterized as the diphthong /əɰ/ with increasing internal rounding.^[4]

Notes

Bibliography

Thompson, Lawrence C.; M. Terry Thompson (1966). "A Fresh Look at Tillamook Phonology". International Journal of American Linguistics. 32 (4): 313–319. doi:10.1086/464920.
Edel, May M (1939). The Tillamook language. New York: J.J. Augustin. Retrieved 2013-09-22.
"May M. Edel papers". Special Collections, University of Washington Libraries. Retrieved 2013-09-22.

External links

University of Oregon: The Tillamook
Tillamook Language
"Tillamook Vocabulary". California Language Archive. Retrieved 2013-09-22.
OLAC resources in and about the Tillamook language

[0-1] ttp://www.tillamookheadlightherald.com/news/a-language-all-but-lost/article_02ccab3e-1530-53b4-85a5-af8a1f88f26a.html

[2] ttp://www.tillamookheadlightherald.com/news/a-language-all-but-lost/article_02ccab3e-1530-53b4-85a5-af8a1f88f26a.html

[3] Official site of Clatsop-Nehalem Confederated Tribes

[4] Thompson & Thompson (1966), p. 316

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