Timeline of Grozny
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia.
Prior to 20th century
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- 1819 - Groznaya fort built by Russian Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov.[1]
- 1870 - Grozny granted town status in Terek Oblast.
- 1876 - Population: 6,000 (approximate).[2][3]
- 1893 - Oil discovered in Grozny area.[2]
- 1897 - Population: 15,599.[4]
20th century
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2013) |
- 1900 - Synagogue opens.[5]
- 1913 - Population: 34,067.[6]
- 1917 - Groznensky Rabochy newspaper begins publication.
- 1926 - Population: 97,000.[2]
- 1928 - Grozny–Tuapse oil pipeline launched.
- 1929 - City becomes capital of the Chechen Autonomous Oblast.[2]
- 1932 - Electric tramway begins operating.
- 1936 - Chechen-Ingush Philharmonic Society active.[2]
- 1937 - Grozny Music College opens.[2]
- 1938 - Grozney University founded.[citation needed]
- 1939 - Population: 175,000.[2]
- 1944 - Vainakh people in North Caucasus expelled.
- 1946 - Stadium built.[citation needed]
- 1958 - August: 1958 Grozny riots.
- 1973 - January: Ingush demonstrations at Lenin Square.[7]
- 1977 - Grozny Airport terminal built.
- 1980 - Chechen State Teacher Training College founded.
- 1989 - Population: 397,000.[2]
- 1991
- City becomes capital of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.
- Beslan Gantemirov becomes mayor.[8]
- Lenin Square renamed "Sheikh Mansur Square."
- 9 November: Pro-Chechnya demonstration at Freedom Square.[9]
- 1993 - 15 April: Demonstration against Dzhokhar Dudayev.[10]
- 1994
- 13 June: Conflict.[11]
- 15 October: "Opposition forces attack" city.[11]
- 26–27 November: Battle of Grozny.
- 28 December: Battle of Khankala occurs near city.
- 31 December: Battle of Grozny (1994–95) begins.
- Population: 370,000 (estimate).[2]
- 1995
- January: Battle of Grozny.[11]
- 19 January: Presidential Palace captured by Russian forces.[12]
- Population: 60,000 (approximate).[11]
- 1996
- Presidential Palace, Grozny demolished.
- May: Conflict.[11]
- 6–20 August: Battle of Grozny.[13]
- Mayor Beslan Gantemirov arrested for embezzlement.[8]
- Islamic Youth Centre opens (approximate date).[14]
- 1997
- 1999
- 1999 Russian bombing of Chechnya.
- 21 October: Grozny ballistic missile attack.[11]
- 3 December: Refugee convoy shooting occurs near city.
- 25 December: Battle of Grozny (1999–2000) begins.[11][16]
21st century
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2013) |
- 2000
- 30 January: Mayor Lecha Dudayev killed.[17]
- February: Russian forces take city.[13][18]
- 5 February: Novye Aldi massacre occurs near city.
- 14 February: City "sealed."[19]
- 2 March: Grozny OMON fratricide incident.
- April: Land mines cleared; civilians begin returning to city.[11]
- Grozneftegaz oil company headquartered in Grozny.[20]
- 2001 - 17 September: Mi-8 crash.
- 2002
- 18 April: 2002 Grozny OMON ambush.
- 30 June: Peace rally at Teatralnaya Square.[21]
- 19 August: 2002 Khankala Mi-26 crash near city.
- 27 December: Truck bombing.[13]
- Population: 205,000.[2]
- 2003 - Movsar Temirbayev becomes mayor.[citation needed]
- 2004
- 9 May: Explosion at stadium; Akhmad Kadyrov killed.[13][22]
- 21–22 August: 2004 Grozny raid.
- 2006 - Population: 240,000 (estimate).[23]
- 2007 - Muslim Khuchiyev becomes mayor.
- 2008
- Akhmad Kadyrov Mosque opens.[24]
- 11 October: Earthquake.
- Victory Avenue renamed "Putin Avenue."[25][26]
- 2010
- 19 October: Chechen Parliament attack.
- Population: 271,600 (estimate).[27]
- 2011 - Grozny-City Towers and Terek Stadium built.[28]
- 2012
- 2013 - 3 April: Fire in Olympus Tower.[31]
- 2014 - 4 December: 2014 Grozny clashes.
- 2015 - March: Rally in support of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation.[32]
See also
References
- ^ Élisée Reclus (1876), The Earth and its Inhabitants, Edited by A.H. Keane, London: Virtue & Co.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Amjad Jaimoukha (2005), The Chechens: a Handbook, Routledge, ISBN 9780415323284
- ^ "Groznaya", Hand-book for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland (4th ed.), London: J. Murray, 1888
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ "Groznyi", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica Co., 1910, OCLC 14782424
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ "Grozny". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ "Russia: Principal Towns: Caucasia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Russia, the Ingush-Ossetian Conflict in the Prigorodnyi Region. Human Rights Watch. 1996. ISBN 1564321657.
- ^ a b Kimberly Zisk Marten (2012), Warlords: Strong-arm Brokers in Weak States, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, ISBN 9780801450761
- ^ Monica Duffy Toft (2003), The Geography of Ethnic Violence, Princeton University Press, ISBN 9780691113548
- ^ a b Carlotta Gall; Thomas de Waal (1998), Chechnya: calamity in the Caucasus, New York: New York University Press, ISBN 0814729630
- ^ a b c d e f g h Ian Jeffries (2002), The New Russia: a Handbook of Economic and Political Developments, RoutledgeCurzon, ISBN 9780700716210
- ^ Bogdan Szajkowski (1995). "Chechnia: The Empire Strikes Back". GeoJournal. 37.
- ^ a b c d "Chechnya Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ Julie Wilhelmsen (2005). "Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Islamisation of the Chechen Separatist Movement". Europe-Asia Studies. 57.
- ^ "Grozny Elections Declared Invalid". Moscow Times. 3 June 1997. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ "Chechen rebels told to surrender". BBC News. 2 February 2000. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ "Chechen Rebels Report Loss of 3 Commanders". Los Angeles Times. 2 February 2000. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ "'Nothing Is Left' in Grozny, Returning Refugees Discover". New York Times. 12 February 2000. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ "Russians Order Grozny Residents To Leave, Sealing Off Ruined City". New York Times. 15 February 2000. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ "Grozneftegaz". Rosneft. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ Paul J. Murphy (2010), Allah's angels: Chechen women in war, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, ISBN 9781591145424
- ^ "Chechnya Bomb Kills President, a Blow to Putin". New York Times. 10 May 2004. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ C.J. Chivers (3 May 2006). "Spring rebuilding in Chechnya". New York Times. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ Alexei V. Malashenko; Aziza Nuritova (2009). "Islam in Russia". Social Research. 76.
- ^ "A Chechen avenue is named for Putin". New York Times. 6 October 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ "The Wild South: Russia's treatment of its republics in the Caucasus has turned them into tinderboxes". The Economist. London. 27 November 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ Seth Mydans (5 October 2011). "Gleaming City Rising From Ruins Can't Hide Psychic Scars of a War". New York Times. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ Territories of the Russian Federation 2013. Routledge. 2013. ISBN 185743675X.
- ^ "Chechen drama theatre starts new season". Voice of Russia. 21 March 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ "Chechnya skyscraper on fire". The Guardian. UK. 4 April 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ "Week in the Caucasus: review of main events of March 16–22". Caucasian Knot. 23 March 2015.
This article incorporates information from the Russian Wikipedia.
Further reading
- Published in the 20th century
- "Grosnyi". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1908.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
- Published in the 21st century
- "New Violence May Cut Short Chechnya's Modest Progress". Washington Post. 12 May 2004.
- Seth Mydans (1 June 2004). "In a Ruined City, Even the Rubble Is Taken From Them". New York Times.
- C.J. Chivers (19 October 2008). "Grozny, and Chechen History, being Reconstructed". New York Times.
- I. Demchenko (2013). "The Illusion of Peace: The Reconstruction of Grozny and the New Chechen Identity". In Sarah Moser (ed.). New Cities in the Muslim World. London: Reaktion. ISBN 978-94-007-4684-8.
- Margaret Evans (11 February 2013). "Grozny's makeover can't mask Chechen menace". CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grozny.
- Yulia Vishnevets (26 March 2007). "Грозный".
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) (photos of city) - City of Grozny (2009). "Post-conflict Restoration of the City of Grozny".