1820–21 United States Senate elections
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15 of the 46 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 24 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate election of 1820 and 1821 were elections for the United States Senate that, corresponding with James Monroe's landslide re-election, had the Democratic-Republican Party gain seven seats, assuming almost complete control of the Senate.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.
Results
17th Congress (1821–1823)
- Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (37)
- Minority Party: Federalist (9)
- Vacant: (2)
- Total Seats: 48
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
Composition after the June 13 & 14, 1820 elections in Maine.
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Notes:
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Beginning of the next Congress
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Notes:
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Key: |
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Race summaries
Bold states link to specific election articles.
Special elections during the preceding Congress
In these special elections, the winner was elected during 1820 or before March 4, 1821; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
New York Class 3 |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect in 1818/1819. Previous incumbent was elected January 8, 1820. Federalist gain. |
√ Rufus King (Federalist) Unanimous | ||
Massachusetts Class 1 |
Prentiss Mellen | Federalist | 1820 (Special) | Incumbent resigned to become Chief Justice of Maine. Winner elected June 12, 1820. Winner was also elected to the next term. Federalist hold. |
√ Elijah H. Mills (Federalist) [data missing] |
Maine Class 1 |
New state | Winner elected June 13, 1820. Winner was also elected to the next term. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John Holmes (Federalist) [data missing] | ||
Maine Class 2 |
New state | Winner elected June 14, 1820. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John Chandler (Federalist) [data missing] | ||
Mississippi Class 1 |
Walter Leake | Democratic- Republican |
1817 | Incumbent resigned May 15, 1820. Winner elected August 30, 1820. Winner was also elected to the next term. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ David Holmes (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
Kentucky Class 3 |
William Logan | Democratic- Republican |
1819 | Incumbent resigned May 28, 1820 to run for Governor of Kentucky. Winner elected October 19, 1820. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Isham Talbot (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
Rhode Island Class 2 |
James Burrill, Jr. | Federalist | 1817 | Incumbent died December 25, 1820. Winner elected January 9, 1821. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Nehemiah R. Knight (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
Races leading to the next Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1821; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Connecticut | Samuel Dana | Federalist | 1810 (Special) 1814 |
Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected March 4, 1821. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Elijah Boardman (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
Delaware | Outerbridge Horsey | Federalist | 1810 (Special) 1814 |
Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Seat vacant, Federalist loss. A Democratic-Republican was later elected in 1822. |
[data missing] |
Indiana | James Noble | Democratic- Republican |
1816 | Incumbent re-elected in 1821. | √ James Noble (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
Maine | John Holmes | Democratic- Republican |
1820 | Incumbent re-elected in 1820. | √ John Holmes (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
Maryland | William Pinkney | Democratic- Republican |
1819 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1820 or 1821. | √ William Pinkney (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
Massachusetts | Elijah H. Mills | Federalist | 1820 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1820 or 1821. | √ Elijah H. Mills (Federalist) [data missing] |
Mississippi | David Holmes | Democratic- Republican |
1820 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1820. | √ David Holmes (Federalist) [data missing] |
New Jersey | James J. Wilson | Democratic- Republican |
1814 or 1815 | Incumbent lost re-election, then resigned January 8, 1821. Winner elected November 11, 1820,[1] and was appointed January 22, 1821. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Samuel L. Southard (Democratic-Republican) 30[1] James J. Wilson (Democratic-Republican) 24[1] |
New York | Nathan Sanford | Democratic- Republican |
1809 | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected February 6, 1821. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Martin Van Buren (Democratic-Republican) Nathan Sanford (Democratic-Republican) |
Ohio | Benjamin Ruggles | Democratic- Republican |
1815 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1821. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Benjamin Ruggles (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
Pennsylvania | Jonathan Roberts | Democratic- Republican |
1814 (Special) 1814 |
Legislature failed to elect. Seat vacant, Democratic-Republican loss. Winner would later be elected in 1821. |
[data missing] |
Rhode Island | William Hunter | Federalist | 1811 (Special) 1815 |
Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1820 or 1821. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ James DeWolf (Federalist) [data missing] |
Tennessee | John H. Eaton | Democratic- Republican |
1818 (Appointed) ? (Elected) |
Legislature failed to elect Seat vacant, Democratic-Republican loss. Winner would later be elected September 27, 1821.[2] |
[data missing] |
Vermont | Isaac Tichenor | Federalist | 1814 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1821. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Horatio Seymour (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
Virginia | James Barbour | Democratic- Republican |
1815 (Special) 1815 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1821. | √ James Barbour (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
Special elections during the next Congress
In this special election, the winner was elected in 1821 after March 4; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Missouri Class 1 |
New state | Winner elected August 10, 1821. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Thomas H. Benton (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] | ||
Missouri Class 3 |
New state | Winner elected August 10, 1821. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ David Barton (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] | ||
Tennessee Class 1 |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Winner re-elected late September 27, 1821.[2] Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John H. Eaton (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] | ||
Georgia Class 1 |
Freeman Walker | Democratic- Republican |
1819 (Special) | Incumbent resigned August 6, 1821. Winner elected November 10, 1821. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Nicholas Ware (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
Pennsylvania Class 1 |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Winner elected December 10, 1821. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ William Findlay (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
See also
- United States presidential election, 1820
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1820
- 17th United States Congress
- Elections in the United States
References
- ^ a b c "New Jersey 1820 U.S. Senate". A New Nation Votes. Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives. November 11, 1820. Retrieved June 9, 2015.
- ^ a b "EATON, John Henry, (1790 - 1856)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved June 9, 2015.
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov