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{{Infobox VG system
{{Infobox VG system
|
|title=Wii Remote<!---It is "Wii Remote," not "Wiimote"--->
T
|image=[[File:Wii Remote Image.jpg|300px]]<br />Wii Remote with original strap
|manufacturer=[[Nintendo]]
|type=[[Video game controller]]
|generation=[[History of video game consoles (seventh generation)|Seventh generation era]]
|lifespan=November 19, 2006
|storage=16&nbsp;[[KiB]] [[EEPROM]] chip (16.3 [[kilobyte]]s)
|connectivity=[[Bluetooth]]
}}
The '''Wii Remote''', sometimes unofficially [[nickname]]d "'''Wii<!--SEE DISCUSSION ON ALTERNATE NAMES-->mote'''", is the primary [[game controller|controller]] for [[Nintendo]]'s [[Wii]] console. The secondary controller is the Nunchuk. A main feature of the Wii Remote is its [[Motion detection|motion sensing]] capability, which allows the user to interact with and manipulate items on screen via [[gesture recognition]] and [[pointing device|pointing]] through the use of [[accelerometer]] and [[image sensor|optical sensor]] technology. Another feature is its expandability through the use of attachments. The attachment bundled with the Wii console is the Nunchuk, which complements the Wii Remote by providing functions similar to those in [[gamepad]] controllers.

The controller was revealed at the [[Tokyo Game Show]] on September 16, 2005, with the name "Wii Remote" announced April 27, 2006. It has since received much attention due to its unique features and the contrast between it and typical gaming controllers. It has also gained significant attention from [[hacker (computing)|hackers]] using it to control non Wii-related devices through [[Wii homebrew]].<ref name="RemoteHomebrew">Jamin Brophy-Warren, [http://online.wsj.com/article_email/article_print/SB117772630151685703-lMyQjAxMDE3NzI3ODcyMjg2Wj.html Magic Wand: How Hackers Make Use Of Their Wii-motes], ''Wall Street Journal'', April 28, 2007</ref>

== Development ==
Development of the Wii Remote began in or around 2001, coinciding with development of the Wii console. In that year, Nintendo licensed a number of motion-sensing patents from Gyration Inc., a company that produces wireless motion-sensing [[mouse (computing)|computer mice]].<ref name="Gyration">{{cite web|title=Unearthed: Nintendo's Pre-Wiimote Prototype|url=http://gizmodo.com/gadgets/exclusive/unearthed-nintendo-2001-prototype-motion+sensing-one+handed-controller-by-gyration-294642.php|date=2007-08-29|accessdate=2007-08-30|publisher=[[Gizmodo]]|first=Wilson|last=Rothman}}</ref> Nintendo then commissioned Gyration Inc. to create a one-handed controller for it,<ref name="Gyration"/> which eventually developed the "'Gyropod' concept", a more traditional [[gamepad]] which allowed its right half to break away for motion-control.<ref name="Gyration"/> At this point, Gyration Inc. brought in a separate design firm [http://www.bridgedesign.com Bridge Design] to help pitch its concept to Nintendo.<ref name="Bridge">{{cite web|url=http://gizmodo.com/gadgets/exclusive/wii+mote-prototype-designer-speaks-out-shares-sketchbook-295276.php| title=Exclusive: Wii-mote Prototype Designer Speaks Out, Shares Sketchbook|publisher=Gizmodo|date=2007-08-30|accessdate=2007-08-31|first=Wilson|last=Rothman}}</ref> Under requirement to "roughly preserve the existing Game Cube{{sic}} button layout", it experimented with different forms "through sketches, models and interviewing various [[hardcore gamer]]s".<ref name="Bridge"/> By "late 2004, early 2005", however, Nintendo had come up with the Wii Remote's less traditional "wand shape", and the design of the Nunchuk attachment.<ref name="Miyamoto Speaks">{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/nov2006/tc20061116_750580.htm|title=The Big Ideas Behind Nintendo's Wii|accessdate=2007-08-30|publisher=BusinessWeek|author=Kenji Hall}}</ref> Nintendo had also decided upon using a motion sensor, infrared pointer, and the layout of the buttons,<ref name="Miyamoto Speaks"/> and by the end of 2005 the controller was ready for mass production.<ref name="Miyamoto Speaks"/>

During development of the Wii Remote in 2001, video game designer [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] brought in [[mobile phone]]s and controllers for [[automotive navigation system]]s for inspiration, eventually producing a prototype that resembled a cell phone.<ref name="Miyamoto Speaks"/> Another design featured both an [[analog stick]] and a [[touchscreen]], but Nintendo rejected the idea of a touchscreen on the controller, "since [[Nintendo DS|the portable console]] and living-room console would have been exactly the same".<ref name="Miyamoto Speaks"/>

Sources also indicate that the Wii Remote was originally in development as a controller for the [[Nintendo GameCube]], rather than the Wii. [[Video game developer]] [[Factor 5]] stated that during development of launch title ''[[Star Wars Rogue Squadron II: Rogue Leader]]'', it had an early prototype of a motion-sensing controller.<ref name="Factor5">{{cite web|title =Factor 5 worked with GameCube motion controller|url=http://www.aussie-nintendo.com/?v=news&p=15571|date=2007-07-28|accessdate =2007-08-30|publisher=Aussie-Nintendo.com}}</ref> Video game journalist [[Matt Casamassina]], from gaming website [[IGN]], stated that he believed that Nintendo had planned to release the Wii Remote for the GameCube, noting that "Nintendo said that it hoped that GCN could enjoy a longer life cycle with the addition of top-secret peripherals that would forever enhance the gameplay experience."<ref name="Mailbag">{{cite web|title=Wii Mailbag - January 26, 2006|url= http://uk.wii.ign.com/mail/2006-01-26.html|date=2006-01-26|accessdate=2008-08-30|publisher=[[IGN]]}}</ref> He suggested that Nintendo may have wanted to release the Wii Remote with a new system, instead of onto the GameCube, as "[the] Revolution addresses one of the GameCube's biggest drawbacks, which is that it was/is perceived as a toy."<ref name="Mailbag"/>

=== Third-party use ===
Since the release of the Wii console, people have been exploring different new ways in which to use the Wii Remote. Many third-party applications are currently in development through [[Wii homebrew]].<ref name="RemoteHomebrew"/> One popular [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] program called GlovePIE allows the Wii Remote to be used on a personal computer to emulate a [[Keyboard (computing)|keyboard]], [[Mouse (computing)|mouse]] or [[joystick]]. Connecting the Wii Remote to a [[personal computer]] is done via a [[Bluetooth]] connection. The Bluetooth program BlueSoleil has been proven to successfully connect a Wii Remote to a PC. Still another program (like GlovePIE) is needed to utilize the Wii Remote's protocol and to use the data it offers.

The Wii Remote Bluetooth protocol can be implemented on other devices including cell phones, which often have poor usability with games. Two students have demonstrated this concept by creating a driver software that has the capability to connect the Wii Remote to a [[Symbian OS]] [[smartphone]]. The idea behind this driver is that a mobile phone with a [[TV-out]] port can replace the game console.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mobi-pad.com|title=mobiPad project}}</ref>

Programmer [[Johnny Lee (computer scientist)|Johnny Lee]] has posted video demos and sample code at [http://johnnylee.net/projects/wii/ his website] related to the use of the Wii Remote for finger tracking, low-cost multipoint [[interactive whiteboard]]s, and head tracking for desktop VR displays. This was the subject for his presentation at the prestigious [[TED conference]], where he demonstrated several such applications. The [http://www.wiimoteproject.com WiimoteProject] forum has become the discussion, support and sharing site for Lee's Wii Remote projects and other newer developments.

The Wii Remote is also used in fields outside of standard computing. The United States government has experimented with using it to control Packbot, a bomb disposal robot.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gadgets.qj.net/Engineers-adapt-Wiimote-technology-to-control-bomb-disposal-robot/pg/49/aid/116896|title=Engineers adapt Wiimote technology to control bomb disposal robot| publisher=qj.net|accessdate=2008-05-09}}</ref> Studies have also been conducted to use the Wii Remote as a practice method to fine-tune [[surgery|surgeons]]' hand motions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wii.qj.net/New-research-conditionally-supports-gaming-for-surgeon-trainees/pg/49/aid/111793|title=Engineers adapt Wiimote technology to control bomb disposal robot| publisher=qj.net|accessdate=2008-05-09}}</ref> Utilizing [[DarwiinRemote]], researchers at the [[University of Memphis]] have adapted the Wii Remote for data collection in cognitive psychology experiments.<ref>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080304200905.htm</ref> [[Autodesk]] have released a plugin that allows the Wii Remote to control orientation of 3D models in ''Autodesk Design Review''.<ref>http://labs.autodesk.com/utilities/wiimote_adr/</ref>
The Wii Remote is also used in fields outside of standard computing. The United States government has experimented with using it to control Packbot, a bomb disposal robot.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gadgets.qj.net/Engineers-adapt-Wiimote-technology-to-control-bomb-disposal-robot/pg/49/aid/116896|title=Engineers adapt Wiimote technology to control bomb disposal robot| publisher=qj.net|accessdate=2008-05-09}}</ref> Studies have also been conducted to use the Wii Remote as a practice method to fine-tune [[surgery|surgeons]]' hand motions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wii.qj.net/New-research-conditionally-supports-gaming-for-surgeon-trainees/pg/49/aid/111793|title=Engineers adapt Wiimote technology to control bomb disposal robot| publisher=qj.net|accessdate=2008-05-09}}</ref> Utilizing [[DarwiinRemote]], researchers at the [[University of Memphis]] have adapted the Wii Remote for data collection in cognitive psychology experiments.<ref>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080304200905.htm</ref> [[Autodesk]] have released a plugin that allows the Wii Remote to control orientation of 3D models in ''Autodesk Design Review''.<ref>http://labs.autodesk.com/utilities/wiimote_adr/</ref>


Revision as of 01:47, 13 October 2009

{{Infobox VG system | T The Wii Remote is also used in fields outside of standard computing. The United States government has experimented with using it to control Packbot, a bomb disposal robot.[1] Studies have also been conducted to use the Wii Remote as a practice method to fine-tune surgeons' hand motions.[2] Utilizing DarwiinRemote, researchers at the University of Memphis have adapted the Wii Remote for data collection in cognitive psychology experiments.[3] Autodesk have released a plugin that allows the Wii Remote to control orientation of 3D models in Autodesk Design Review.[4]

Design

Wikinews has related news:

The Wii Remote assumes a one-handed remote control-based design instead of the traditional gamepad controllers of previous gaming consoles. This was done to make motion sensitivity more intuitive, as a remote design is fitted perfectly for pointing, and in part to help the console appeal to a broader audience that includes non-gamers. The body of the Wii Remote measures 148 mm (5.83 in) long, 36.2 mm (1.43 in) wide, and 30.8 mm (1.21 in) thick.[5] The Wii Remote model number is RVL-003, a reference to the project codename "Revolution". The controller communicates wirelessly with the console via short-range Bluetooth radio, with which it is possible to operate up to four controllers as far as 10 meters[6] (approx. 30 ft[7]) away from the console. However, to utilize pointer functionality, the Wii Remote must be used within five meters (approx. 16 ft) of the Sensor Bar.[5] The controller's symmetrical design allows it to be used in either hand. The Wii Remote can also be turned horizontally and used like a Famicom/NES controller, or in some cases like (Excite Truck, Sonic and the Secret Rings, and Mario Kart Wii) a steering wheel. It is also possible to play a single player game with a Wii Remote in each hand, as in the 'Shooting Range' game contained in Wii Play.

At E3 2006, a few minor changes were made to the controller from the design presented at the Game Developer's Conference. The controller was made slightly longer, and a speaker was added to the face beneath the center row of buttons. The "B" button became more curved resembling a trigger. The "Start" and "Select" buttons were changed to plus "+" and minus "–", and the "b" and "a" buttons were changed to 1 and 2 to differentiate them from the "A" and "B" buttons. Also, the symbol on the "Home" button was changed from a blue dot to a shape resembling a home/house, the shape of the power button was made circular rather than rectangular, and the blue LEDs indicating player number are now labeled using small Braille-like raised dots instead of Arabic numerals, with "1" being "•", "2" being "••", "3" being "•••", and "4" being "••••". The Nintendo logo at the bottom of the controller face was replaced with the Wii logo. Also, the expansion port was redesigned, with expansion plugs featuring a smaller snap-on design.[8]

The blue LEDs also show how much battery power remains on the Wii Remote. By pressing any button, besides the power button while the controller is not being used to play games, a certain number of the four blue LEDs will light up, showing the battery life: four of the LEDs flash when it is at, or near, full power. Three lights flash when it is at 75%, two lights when at 50%, and one light flashes when there is 25% or less power remaining.

Similarities have been noted between the Wii Remote and an early Dreamcast controller prototype.[9]

Demo Wii Remote shown at a Nintendo event at the Hotel Puerta America

In the Red Steel trailer shown at E3 2006, the Wii Remote featured a smaller circular shaped image sensor, as opposed to the larger opaque IR filters shown on other versions.[10] In the initial teaser video that revealed the controller at Tokyo Game Show 2005, the 1 and 2 buttons were labeled X and Y, respectively.[11]

Colors

At the E3 2006 trade show, Nintendo displayed white, black, and blue controllers;[citation needed] press images released for the event featured white, red, silver, lime green, and black versions.[12] The Wii console and controllers launched in only white versions, with Shigeru Miyamoto commenting that new hues will be provided after the relief of supply limitations.[13]

On June 4, 2009, Nintendo revealed that it would release black versions of the Wii, Wii Remote, Nunchuk, and Classic Controller PRO in Japan on August 1, 2009. Each black Wii Remote includes a matching solid-black Wii Remote Jacket.[14][15] In addition, Club Nintendo in Japan held a contest between June 25, 2009 and August 31, 2009 wherein members who purchased and registered a copy of Wii Sports Resort would be entered into a drawing to win one of 5000 blue controller sets. Each set included a Wii Remote, Wii MotionPlus, and Nunchuk, all in sky blue.[16]

For North America, Nintendo announced on September 1, 2009 that black versions of the Wii Remote, Wii MotionPlus, and Nunchuk will be released during the holiday season. The black Wii Remote and Wii MotionPlus will be released as a bundle, and the black Nunchuk will be available as a standalone purchase.[17]

Strap

New strap (left) next to the original strap design

The Wii Remote comes with a wrist strap attached to the bottom to ensure the safety of the device. Every Wii game displays a caution screen upon loading to warn the player to use the strap in order to avoid the remote slipping from the grip during erratic movements.

Video game web site IGN reported that the strap tends to break under heavy use,[18] which would potentially send the Wii Remote flying in various directions. WarioWare: Smooth Moves also sometimes requires the Wii Remote to be dropped, which would cause problems in the event of a strap failure. In response, Nintendo has posted guidelines on proper use of the strap and the Wii Remote.[19] On December 8, 2006, units with thicker straps began to appear in some areas of the world.[20] On December 15, 2006, Nintendo denied reports of a Wii wrist strap recall. While Nintendo refuted claims that three million straps had been recalled, it provided replacement wrist straps free of charge for users who have broken theirs.[21] However, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission has become involved in the "replacement program".[22] The old 0.6 mm (0.024 in) diameter strap is replaced by a larger, 1.0 mm (0.039 in) diameter version. Nintendo's online "Wrist Strap Replacement Request Form" allows owners to receive up to four free straps when a Wii serial number and shipping details are provided.

On August 3, 2007, a new wrist strap was discovered to be in circulation. The strap featured a lock clip instead of a slide to ensure that the clip would not slide away from a player's wrist during frequent play.[23] The lock clip wrist strap is featured in the newest wrist strap reminder screens.

Jacket

Jackets, with and without Wii Remote

Nintendo announced a free accessory for the Wii Remote,[24] the Wii Remote Jacket, on October 1, 2007. The removable silicone sleeve wraps around the Wii Remote to provide users a better grip and cushioning. The cushioning intends to keep the Wii Remote protected in case it is accidentally dropped or thrown. Nintendo started shipping consoles, separately-packaged controllers, and the controller included in the game Wii Play with the jacket on October 15, 2007. As with the wrist strap replacements, Nintendo has put up a Wii Remote Jacket request form on its Australian, British, Danish, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, North American and South African websites allowing current Wii owners to request up to four of the jackets free of charge, including shipping charges.

Home Menu

Accessed with the Wii Remote's home button, the Home Menu displays information about the controller(s) currently being used, and allows the user to configure certain options. At the bottom of the menu screen, the battery life of all connected controllers is displayed. Below that is a bar labeled Wii Remote Settings. Selecting it brings users to an options screen where they can control the audio output volume, rumble settings, and reconnect the controllers, for example to connect Wii Remotes through one-time synchronization. Depending on when the Home Menu is accessed, there will be a different amount of buttons displayed.

Wii Menu: No matter when the menu is accessed, the Wii Menu button will always be present. Selecting this will bring back the Wii Menu, where users can choose another channel.

Reset: In applications, the Reset button is available. This performs a soft reset of that particular application, for example returning a game to its title screen or returning to the loading screen of a Wii Menu channel, what would happen if the player were to press the console's physical reset button.

Operations Guide: On Wii Menu channels, including the News Channel, Forecast Channel, Internet Channel, Everybody Votes Channel and Virtual Console titles, the Operations Guide button will appear on the Home Menu. The guide accessed acts as an instruction manual for the currently played game.

The Home Menu can be compared to the Xbox 360's in-game menu (accessible by the "Xbox" button), or the Playstation 3's XMB. It may be accessed under most circumstances during Wii operation, which pauses the on-screen action. Otherwise a Home symbol with a strikethrough appears onscreen. It is also inaccessible during Nintendo GameCube play.

Functionality

Sensing

Sensor Bar highlighting IR LEDs

The Wii Remote has the ability to sense acceleration along three axes through the use of an ADXL330 accelerometer.[5][25] The Wii Remote also features a PixArt optical sensor, allowing it to determine where the Wii Remote is pointing.[26]

Unlike a light gun that senses light from a television screen, the Wii Remote senses light from the console's Sensor Bar (model number RVL-014), which allows consistent usage regardless of a television's type or size. The Sensor Bar is about 20 cm (8 in) long and features ten infrared LEDs, five at each end of the bar[27] The LEDs farthest away from the center are pointed slightly away from the center, the LEDs closest to the center are pointed slightly inwards, while the rest are pointed straight forward. The Sensor Bar's cable is 353 cm (11 ft 7 in) in length. The bar may be placed above or below the television, and should be centered. If placed above, the sensor should be in line with the front of the television, and if placed below, should be in line with the front of the surface the television is placed on. It is not necessary to point directly at the Sensor Bar, but pointing significantly away from the bar will disrupt position-sensing ability due to the limited viewing angle of the Wii Remote.

Use of the Sensor Bar allows the Wii Remote to be used as an accurate pointing device up to 5 meters (approx. 16 ft) away from the bar.[7] The Wii Remote's image sensor[26] is used to locate the Sensor Bar's points of light in the Wii Remote's field of view. The light emitted from each end of the Sensor Bar is focused onto the image sensor which sees the light as two bright dots separated by a distance "mi" on the image sensor. The second distance "m" between the two clusters of light emitters in the Sensor Bar is a fixed distance. From these two distances m and mi, the Wii CPU calculates the distance between the Wii Remote and the Sensor Bar using triangulation.[28] In addition, rotation of the Wii Remote with respect to the ground can also be calculated from the relative angle of the two dots of light on the image sensor.[29] Games can be programmed to sense whether the image sensor is covered, which is demonstrated in a Microgame of Smooth Moves, where if the player does not uncover the sensor, the champagne bottle that the remote represents will not open.

The Sensor Bar is required when the Wii Remote is controlling up-down, left-right motion of a cursor or reticle on the TV screen to point to menu options or objects such as enemies in first-person shooters. Because the Sensor Bar also allows the Wii Remote to calculate the distance between the Wii Remote and the Sensor Bar,[30] the Wii Remote can also control slow forward-backward motion of an object in a 3-dimensional game.[31] Rapid forward-backward motion, such as punching in a boxing game, is controlled by the acceleration sensors. Using these acceleration sensors (acting as tilt sensors), the Wii Remote can also control rotation of a cursor or other objects.[32]

The use of an infrared sensor to detect position can cause some detection problems when other infrared sources are around, such as incandescent light bulbs or candles. This can be easily alleviated by using fluorescent lights around the Wii, which emit little to no infrared light.[33] Innovative users have used other sources of IR light as Sensor Bar substitutes such as a pair of flashlights and a pair of candles.[34] Such substitutes for the Sensor Bar illustrate the fact that a pair of non-moving lights provide continuous calibration of the direction that the Wii Remote is pointing and its physical location relative to the light sources. There is no way to calibrate the position of the cursor relative to where the user is pointing the controller without the two stable reference sources of light provided by the Sensor Bar or substitutes. Wireless sensor bars have also been released.

The position and motion tracking of the Wii Remote allows the player to mimic actual game actions, such as swinging a sword or aiming a gun, instead of simply pressing buttons. An early marketing video showed actors miming actions such as fishing, cooking, drumming, conducting a string quartet, shooting a gun, sword fighting, and performing dental surgery.[35]

The LEDs can be seen through some cameras and other devices with a wider visible spectrum than the human eye.

Controller feedback

The Wii Remote provides basic audio and rumble functionality. At the 2006 E3 press conference, it was revealed that the Wii Remote has its own independent speaker on the face of the unit. This was demonstrated by a developer as he strung and shot a bow in The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess. The sound from both the Wii Remote and television was altered as the bow shot to give the impression of the arrow traveling away from the player. Another example of its use is in Red Steel's Killer match, where the players will receive their objective through the Wii Remote's speaker or No More Heroes' feature allowing players to listen to phonecalls through the Wii Remote.[36] The volume can be changed or muted with the "Home" button and selecting the corresponding controller icon at the bottom of the screen.[37] The rumble feature can also be switched on or off using the Home Menu.[37]

Memory

The Wii Remote contains a 16 KiB EEPROM chip from which a section of 6 kilobytes can be freely read and written by the host.[33][38] Part of this memory is available to store up to ten Mii avatars, which can be transported to use with another Wii console. At least 4,000 bytes are available and unused before the Mii data. Pokémon Battle Revolution and Super Swing Golf also use this memory. This function is also used in Super Smash Bros. Brawl, allowing the user to save controller configuration data to the Wii Remote.[39]

Power source

The Wii Remote uses two AA batteries as a power source, which can power a Wii Remote for 60 hours using only the accelerometer functionality and 25 hours using both accelerometer and pointer functionality.[33] An official direct recharging option for the Wii Remote does not exist, but various third-party manufacturers market charging solutions for the controller (see section on chargers). According to an interview with Nintendo industrial designer Lance Barr, limitations of the Wii Remote's expansion port make it unlikely that it will be used for internal battery charging.[40] Although Nintendo discourages other rechargeable battery types such as lithium ion (Li-ion) and nickel-cadmium (NiCd), the company's support website indicates that nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) rechargeable batteries may be used.[41] A 3300µF capacitor provides a temporary source of power during quick movements of the Wii Remote when connection to the batteries may be temporarily interrupted.[42]

Expansions and accessories

The Wii Remote also features an expansion port at the bottom which allows various functional attachments to be added. This expandability is similar to that available with the port on the Nintendo 64 controller.

Nunchuk

The Nunchuk (left) plugged into a pre-release model of the Wii Remote, as shown at E3 2006

The Nunchuk (model number RVL-004) is the first controller attachment Nintendo revealed for the Wii Remote at the 2005 Tokyo Game Show. It connects to the Wii Remote via a cord that is about 3.5 to 4 feet (1 ~ 1.2 m) long. Its appearance when attached resembles the nunchaku, hence the name. It features an analog stick similar to the one found on the Nintendo GameCube controller and two trigger buttons (a last-minute modification changed the two triggers to one trigger and a "C" button, as described below). It works in tandem with the main controller in many games. Like the Wii Remote, the Nunchuk also provides a three-axis accelerometer for motion-sensing and tilting, but without a speaker, a rumble function, or a pointer function.[43][44] The Nunchuk's accelerometer is an STMicroelectronics LIS3L02AL.[45]

One Nunchuk comes bundled with the Wii console. Additional Wii Remote units are sold separately without the Nunchuk.[46][47] The two shoulder buttons, formerly named Z1 and Z2 respectively, had been reshaped and renamed since the Game Developers Conference. The circular top shoulder button, now called C, is much smaller than the lower rectangular shoulder button, now called Z.[48]

The body of the Nunchuk measures 113 mm (4.45 in) long, 38 mm (1.5 in) wide, and 37 mm (1.48 in) thick.[5] The connection port was also larger.[49]

The Nunchuk can be connected to any microcontroller capable of I2C (e.g. Arduino), where the accelerometer, joystick and buttons data may be accessed. Todbot has created the Wiichuck, an adapter to facilitate connecting the Nunchuk to an Arduino board.[50] There are also third-party manufactured wireless Nunchuks that require 2 "AAA" batteries.

Classic Controller

Main article: Wii Classic Controller

During E3 2006 Nintendo introduced a Classic Controller (model number RVL-005), which plugs into the Wii Remote via a cord in a similar fashion as the Nunchuk.[5] It contains two analog sticks and two extra shoulder buttons: the ZL and ZR buttons, used to replicate the Z button found on the Nintendo GameCube controller. The overall configuration is similar to that of other major seventh generation console controllers.

The Classic Controller connected to the Wii Remote.

Wii Zapper

Main article: Wii Zapper
Wii Zapper with Wii Remote and Nunchuk

The Wii Zapper is a gun shell peripheral for the Wii Remote. The name is a reference to the NES Zapper light gun for the Nintendo Entertainment System. According to an interview with Shigeru Miyamoto, the idea of a Zapper-type expansion formed when the Wii Remote was first created. He expressed that "What we found is that the reason we wanted to have a Zapper is when you hold a Wii Remote, it can be difficult for some people to keep a steady hand. And holding your arm out like that can get your arm somewhat tired."[51]

Wii Wheel

Wii Wheel (front and back)

A Wii Wheel peripheral comes packaged with Mario Kart Wii, which was released in the second quarter of 2008. A button which triggers the Wii Remote's "B" button protrudes from the back of the Wii Wheel. The wheel has a large, encircled Wii logo at the back's middle, although this has no function.[52] The Wii Wheel has a hole on the right side in the back to allow use of the wrist strap while the Wii Remote is attached to the accessory, and to make removing the remote from the wheel easier. The user is also able to use the pointing function of the Wii Remote while it is in the peripheral. The Wii Wheel can be used for games that share a sideways steering control configuration.

A single Wii Wheel is packaged with Mario Kart Wii, but more can be bought separately.[53] Excitebots: Trick Racing is also optionally packaged with a Wii Wheel.

Wii MotionPlus

Main article: Wii MotionPlus
Wii Remote with MotionPlus attached

The Wii MotionPlus is an expansion device that allows the Wii Remote to more accurately capture complex motion. Incorporated with a custom version of the Wii Remote Jacket,[54][55] the Wii MotionPlus affixes directly to the Wii Remote expansion port, extending the length of the controller body by approximately 1½ inches (4 cm).[56] The Wii MotionPlus uses an angular rate sensor,[57] which supplements the accelerometer and Sensor Bar capabilities of the Wii Remote, enabling controller motions to be rendered identically on the screen in real time, according to Nintendo.[58] It is sold individually, as well as released in bundles with some MotionPlus compatible games such as Nintendo's Wii Sports Resort.[54][55]

Third party Nunchuks may not work with the Wii MotionPlus in certain software. For example Wii Sports Resort fails to recognize Intec wired Nunchuks when plugged into the MotionPlus.

Wii Vitality Sensor

The Wii Vitality Sensor is a fingertip pulse oximeter sensor that connects through the Wii Remote. According to Nintendo, the device "will initially sense the user's pulse and a number of other signals being transmitted by their bodies, and will then provide information to the users about the body’s inner world." The Wii Vitality Sensor was announced by President and CEO Satoru Iwata at Nintendo's E3 2009 media briefing on June 2. No specific applications were revealed for the device, but when presenting the device Iwata suggested that video games may soon be used for relaxation.[59][60]

Third-party accessories

Since the release of the Wii console, many aesthetic, ergonomic and functional accessories have been developed for the Wii Remote by third parties.[61]

Glove kits and grips

Nunchuk with the Grip-It accessory attached

Although Nintendo has released its own free Wii Remote Jacket that is shipped by request to existing Wii Remote owners, third-party glove kits to provide a better grip and cushioning (when compared to an un-jacketed remote) have been available for the controller since its launch. These have been produced in several colors, some of which glow in the dark or change hue depending on the heat of the player's hand. There are various themes as well, including The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess and Pokémon Battle Revolution.

The Grip-It is a rubber overlay for the analog sticks of the Nunchuk and Classic Controller. These items increase the overall thumb grip on the analog sticks and give them added cushioning.[62]

Steering wheels

Prior to Nintendo's own Wii Wheel, several third-party steering wheel accessories had been introduced for the Wii Remote. One released by Ubisoft, the Wii Steering Wheel, was developed by Thrustmaster. It is bundled with certain games, such as Monster 4x4 World Circuit and GT Pro Series.[63] The accessory, which is only for aesthetic/ergonomic enhancement, is meant for driving-style gameplay in which the Wii Remote would be held lengthwise in a two-handed gamepad orientation, steering the subject by tilting the controller. The Wii Steering Wheel is also sold separately. Since the Wii Steering Wheel was revealed, other similarly designed steering wheel accessories have been produced, including the Wii Racing Wheel by Intec.[64]

Sword and shield attachments

Sword and shield attachment sets have been released by various manufacturers, including ASiD Tech and Camy International. The accessories are simply shells, and do not provide any other functional purpose. The ASiD kit comes with a sword, a shield, and knife with a design resembling a scimitar, all molded from monotone plastic (white or black). The Hero Pack by Camy International consists of a sword and a shield, with colored designs very similar to the Master Sword and Hylian Shield from The Legend of Zelda series. The blade of the Hero Pack sword is made of soft foam for safety.[65]

With both sets, the Wii Remote is cradled in the handle of the sword or knife so that the face buttons are accessible, with clearings for the B button and pointer lens. The Nunchuk is clipped into the handle of the shield. The configurations correspond to the sword and shield controls for The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess.

GameStop carries the Wii Dual Glow Sabers made by dreamGEAR.[66]

Sports packages

The Wii Sports pack was released by GameStop in the United States and Logic3 in Europe. It includes a baseball bat, a golf club, and a tennis racket. It is very similar to the sword accessory and attaches to the Wii Remote to allow a more realistic experience with Wii Sports.

Soon after GameStop released their pack, PDP (formally Pelican Accessories) released a Wii Nerf Sports Pack. It is identical to GameStop's pack however all the attachments are made out of Nerf foam material.

The boxing gloves are a separate accessory to the Wii Sports pack. With those, the player can put the Wii Remote and Nunchuk inside each glove underneath where one slips in hands. The Nunchuk is assigned to the left glove while the Wii Remote is right. In this way one can punch like an actual boxer instead of jabbing the controllers away from oneself.

The Wii Cue is a snooker cue extension for the Wii Remote. It is bundled with the game WSC REAL 08: World Snooker Championship, due for release on the Wii in May in the United Kingdom. The Wii Cue is in effect a large stick that comes out in front of the Wii Remote. The player holds the remote in one hand and rests the cue between the thumb and forefinger to simulate a cue for snooker or pool.

The Wii Rod is a fishing rod attachment for the Wii Remote. The remote slips into a plastic jacket that has a rod on the end. It also features a reel that the Nunchuk fits into, allowing the player to reel in the fish with the Nunchuk. The Wii Rod will be bundled with the game Rapala's Fishing Frenzy with Rod.[67]

Chargers

Nyko Charging Station

While Nintendo does not currently offer any rechargeable options for the Wii Remote, recharging systems have been developed by various third-party peripheral companies. Nintendo has not released a rechargeable battery kit in regions outside Japan, but the Wii Remote and WaveBird controllers both use special battery contacts that are compatible with previously-released Game Boy Advance accessories (AGB-003 and AGB-004, battery and charger respectively).

Several manufacturers offer direct-charging systems, most of which involve an integrated battery pack/compartment door with electrical contacts that connect to a charging cradle. Other available features include silicone-covered battery packs for added grip, nunchuk cradles, and compatibility with WaveBird and GameBoy Advance.[68][69][70]

Some newer contactless direct-charging systems have been released using inductive charging, allowing the Wii Remote to be charged in the stand with a standard Wii Remote Jacket on. On August 25, 2008, Sanyo released the Contactless Charger Set for Wii Remote in Japan, which features Sanyo's "eneloop" low self-discharge NiMH battery technology, and is marketed under the eneloop brand. It is currently the only Wii Remote battery/charging product to be licensed by Nintendo.[71] On May 11, 2009, Performance Designed Products released the Energizer Induction Charge System in the United States, which is compatible with the Wii MotionPlus.[72]

Arcade joysticks

With the announcement of Neo Geo games being available on the Wii Virtual Console service, third-party game peripheral manufacturer Hori revealed the "Fighting Stick Wii" controller. An expansion of the Wii Remote, the Fighting Stick Wii is an arcade style controller with compatibility with the non-analog functionality of the Classic Controller (the L and R buttons have no analog functionality, and analog sticks are not included). In addition, the action buttons have turbo button functionality (approximately 20 presses per second). The controller was released in Japan on August 30, 2007, for JP¥5,280.[73] The Fighting Stick Wii was released on November 6, 2007 in the United States.[74]

SNK Playmore have also released a Wii-compatible version of the Neo Geo Stick 2, which resembles the first party controller of the Neo Geo console. Like the Hori Fighting Stick Wii, it has similar non-analog Classic Controller functionality. It was released in Japan on April 10, 2008.[75]

Horizontal stand

Pelican designed a horizontal stand for the Wii console. The stand has a storage compartment capable of securing a Wii Remote and Nunchuk, as well as segregated exhaust port that allows the Wii fan to have unrestricted access to fresh air. The stand also has an inset on the front, which is designed to hold the Sensor Bar. A wire groove leading to the stern of the stand makes for a clean installation.[76]

Gun peripherals

Main article: Wii Zapper § Other Gun peripherals

Despite an official Wii Zapper expansion released by Nintendo, some gun peripherals have been shown by third parties. The first of these appeared in early April, when video game retailer GameStop listed a "Wii Blaster" peripheral on its website, with a release date of May 1, 2007. Originally listed without a specified manufacturer, the Wii Blaster had been speculated to be the Zapper,[77] but has since been indicated to be produced by third party accessories manufacturer Core Gamer. According to GameStop on May 5, 2007, the Wii Blaster release date was changed to June 26, 2007 and is available for purchase.[78]

Musical instrument controllers

A Guitar Hero controller for the Wii. It is usually bundled in Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock.

The Wii version of Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock is bundled with a white Gibson Les Paul style guitar controller. It includes a slot for the Wii Remote to fit into, though the Wii Remote Jacket must be removed first, and utilizes the wireless capabilities, accelerometer, rumble feature and speaker of the Wii Remote.[79] It also features an analog stick that can be used to navigate the Wii Menu. Like the PS3 and Xbox 360 guitar controllers, the Wii Les Paul can be customized with detachable faceplates. The Les Paul also comes with the special edition of Guitar Hero: Aerosmith which includes an Aerosmith faceplate. The Gibson Les Paul controller is also available for purchase separately from the game.

At the 2008 Consumer Electronics Show, Nyko revealed a similar guitar controller for the Wii, a replica of a butterscotch blonde Fender Telecaster. This marks the first third-party guitar controller for the console.[80] Other third-party guitar controllers have also since become available. In lieu of using guitar controllers, the Wii version of PopStar Guitar uses a Wii Remote controller shell called the AirG that allows players to play air guitar-style in conjunction with the Nunchuk.[81]

In addition to a revised guitar controller, Guitar Hero World Tour, the sequel to Guitar Hero III features a wireless drum kit controller which also has a slot for the Wii Remote.[82] The Wii version of Taiko no Tatsujin features its own drum controller called the TaTaCon (styled as a miniature taiko drum) that plugs into the Wii Remote.[83]

The Wii version of Samba de Amigo features additional maraca shaped attachments for the Wii Remote and Nunchuk.[84]

Reception

Overall reception to the Wii Remote has changed over time. The control styles provided by the controller were met with praise at its first public exhibition at E3.[85] Since then, comments have been noted by the press on its functionality. Matt Wales of IGN UK highlighted the aiming and precision of Red Steel and stated "Taking down swathes of enemies with nothing more than a twitch of the wrist proves immensely satisfying and, more importantly, incredibly involving."[86]

Other publications have noted specific complaints regarding control. GameSpot expressed that some motions in Cooking Mama: Cook Off failed to transmit or meet expectation during gameplay.[87] Similar observations were made on other titles made available during the Wii launch period. ComputerAndVideoGames.com reported that "Most prominent is the first batch of games, many of which do a better job at exposing the obstacles of full motion control, rather than the benefits... Need For Speed...is near unplayable, Far Cry got it all wrong, and the motion control in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance just feels tacked on."[88]

The overall situation was described by Joystiq thus: "Over the months since launch, the unpredictable Wii Remote has led to a maddening dichotomy. Some games are too easy, while others are too hard -- for all the wrong reasons...Gamers who crave a deeper challenge have to settle for battling incomprehensible controls."[89] Critics felt that fault was largely attributed to the developers' lack of experience with the Wii Remote. Jeremy Parish of the now-defunct magazine Electronic Gaming Monthly compared the initial phase of control implementation to that of the Nintendo DS.[90] Matt Casamassina of IGN also presumed that the first generation of Wii games were of an experimental stage and that potential for refinement had yet to be exploited.[91]

Later-released titles have seen mixed reactions in terms of control. Of Tiger Woods PGA Tour 07 from Electronic Arts, Matthew Kato of Game Informer stated that the controller "has a hard time detecting your backswing. Thus, it’s harder to control. There were even times the game putted for me by accident."[92] A GamePro review for Medal of Honor: Vanguard offers that the title "is an encouraging sign that developers are finally starting to work out the kinks and quirks of the Wii Remote."[93]

First- and second-party titles have produced more favorable utilization of the Wii Remote's unique capabilities. Metroid Prime 3: Corruption (a first-party game), in particular, was nearly universally praised for its unique control scheme, which is seen as being unrivaled by any other console game.[94] Corruption utilizes the Nunchuk for strafing and the infrared pointing capability of the Wii Remote for turning and special "gestures", which are used to select visors. Other Nintendo titles take a more minimalist approach, using mostly the pointer and buttons only, as with Big Brain Academy: Wii Degree, or use the controller in a sideways configuration to resemble an Nintendo Entertainment System controller while de-emphasizing more advanced capabilities, as seen in Super Paper Mario and the third-party Sonic and the Secret Rings.[95]

The Wii Remote and Nunchuk combined to sell over 8.5 million units in the United States, and took the top two spots in video game accessories sales in 2006.[96] In the U.S., the Nunchuk was the best-selling video game hardware for January 2008, with 375,000 units sold, in a month where the Wii was the best-selling console with 274,000 units sold.[97][98]

See also

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External links

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