Yejong of Joseon
Yejong of Joseon 朝鮮睿宗 조선 예종 | |||||||||
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King of Joseon | |||||||||
Reign | 22 September 1468 – 9 January 1470 | ||||||||
Coronation | Jungmun Gate, Sugang Palace, Hanseong, Kingdom of Joseon | ||||||||
Predecessor | Sejo of Joseon | ||||||||
Successor | Seongjong of Joseon | ||||||||
Born | Grand Prince Suyang's private residence, Hanseong, Kingdom of Joseon | 23 January 1450||||||||
Died | 9 January 1470 Jamidang Hall, Gyeongbok Palace, Hanseong, Kingdom of Joseon | (aged 19)||||||||
Burial | |||||||||
Spouse(s) | |||||||||
Issue | Yi Hyeok, Seongjong of Joseon (Adoptive) Yi Bun, Grand Prince Inseong Princess Hyeonsuk Grand Prince Jean Unnamed grand prince Princess Hyesun | ||||||||
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Clan | Jeonju Yi clan | ||||||||
Dynasty | House of Yi | ||||||||
Father | Sejo of Joseon | ||||||||
Mother | Queen Jeonghui | ||||||||
Religion | Korean Confucianism (Neo-Confucianism) |
Korean name | |
Hangul | |
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Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Yejong |
McCune–Reischauer | Yechong |
Birth name | |
Hangul | |
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | I Hwang |
McCune–Reischauer | Yi Hwang |
Courtesy name | |
Hangul | |
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Myeongjo / Pyeongnam |
McCune–Reischauer | Myŏngjo / Pyŏngnam |
Monarchs of Korea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Joseon monarchs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yejong of Joseon (23 January 1450 – 9 January 1470), personal name Yi Hwang (Korean: 이황; Hanja: 李晄), firstly titled Grand Prince Haeyang (Korean: 해양대군; Hanja: 海陽大君), was the eighth ruler of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He succeeded his father, King Sejo, in 1468, when he was 19 years old, but was too physically ill to govern, and died a year later.
One of the most prominent incidents during his reign was the trial and death of General Nam Yi (남이, 南怡),[2] who was famous for having suppressed Yi Si-ae's Rebellion along with General Gang Sun (강순, 康純). At the age of 28, Nam Yi was appointed as Minister of Military Affairs. However, when Yejong took the throne, Yu Ja-gwang (유자광, 柳子光), who was jealous of Nam Yi, accused him of treason when he found out that the king himself was not fond of the general. Yu also involved Gang Sun and initiated a trial witnessed by Yejong. They were found guilty and executed, while Yu Ja-gwang was promoted to a high office. After this incident, there were many cases where Yu accused ministers who were apparently more prestigious than himself.
Biography
He was born in 1450 as the second son of Grand Prince Suyang (as King Sejo was known at the time) and his primary consort, Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan (later Queen Jeonghui). He was promoted to crown prince at the age of 7, after the sudden death of his elder brother, Crown Prince Uigyeong.
In 1468, his father abdicated, but since Yi Hwang was not yet 20 years old and had been physically weak since his childhood, his mother, Queen Dowager Jaseong, came to unofficially rule the nation instead. According to records of this era, political decisions were taken by the queen and three subjects nominated by King Sejo.
Although his reign lasted just 14 months, several incidents had occurred. In 1468, the treason of Nam I greatly influenced the court politics. Just before his death in 1469, Joseon started to prohibit all trade with Japan. Yi Hwang also granted common farmers the right to cultivate fields which originally belonged to the military.
He died shortly before his 20th birthday and was buried alongside his second wife, Queen Ansun, in the Seooneung Cluster located in Goyang, Gyeonggi Province.[1] Their tomb is known as Changneung (창릉).
After Yejong's death, the throne was not inherited by his son. Instead, his nephew and the second son of Crown Prince Uigyeong, Grand Prince Jalsan, became the heir and was poshumously honored as King Seongjong.
Both of Yejong's sons, Grand Prince Inseong and Grand Prince Jean, died without issue. In 1874, during the reign of Gojong, Yi Ong, Prince Seoseong of the Third Junior Rank (서성부정 이옹) (1487 – 1510) and a great-great-grandson of Sejong the Great, was posthumously appointed as heir to Grand Prince Inseong; similarly, Yi Pa (이파) (1515 – 1571), a great-great-grandson of Jeongjong of Joseon, was also granted the title Prince Nakpung (Nakpung Gun; 낙풍군) and became heir to Grand Prince Jean.[3][4][5][6]
Family
- Father: Yi Yu, Sejo of Joseon (조선 세조) (16 November 1417 – 2 October 1468)
- Grandfather: King Sejong of Joseon (조선 세종) (15 May 1397 – 30 March 1450)
- Grandmother: Queen Soheon of the Cheongsong Sim clan (소헌왕후 심씨) (20 October 1395 – 28 April 1446)
- Mother: Queen Jeonghui of the Papyeong Yun clan (정희왕후 윤씨) (23 December 1418 – 15 May 1483)
- Grandfather: Yun Beon (윤번) (1384 – 1448)
- Grandmother: Lady Lee of the Incheon Lee clan (인천 이씨) (1383 – 1456)[7][8]
Consorts and their respective issue(s):
- Queen Jangsun of the Cheongju Han clan (장순왕후 한씨) (3 March 1445 – 14 January 1462)[9][10][11][12]
- Yi Bun, Grand Prince Inseong (인성대군 이분) (31 December 1461 – 4 December 1463), first son
- Queen Ansun of the Cheongju Han clan (안순왕후 한씨) (27 April 1445 – 12 February 1499)[13]
- Royal Noble Consort Gong of the Jeonju Choe clan (공빈 최씨)[18][19][20]
- Court Lady Gi (상궁 기씨) (? - 1489)[21]
- Concubine Yi (후궁 이씨)[22]
Ancestry
Ancestors of Yejong of Joseon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In popular culture
- Portrayed by Lee Young-hoo in the 1998–2000 KBS TV series King and Queen.
- Portrayed by Yoo Dong-hyuk in the 2007–2008 SBS TV series The King and I.
- Portrayed by Noh Young-hak in the 2011–2012 JTBC TV series Insu, the Queen Mother.
- Portrayed by Lee Sun-kyun in the 2017 movie The King's Case Note.
See also
Notes
- ^ a b "Royal Tombs; Seooreung, Onreung, Seosamneung". Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. 27 June 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
- ^ General Nam was the son of Taejong's youngest legitimate daughter, Royal Princess Jeongseon (정선공주), making him Yejong's first cousin-once-removed.
- ^ 무안대군파 권15(撫安大君派 卷之十五)
- ^ 도평군파 권1(桃平君派 卷之一)
- ^ 승정원일기(承政院日記) 2783책 (탈초본 130책) 고종 9년 12월 4일 갑인 19/34 기사:「贈吏參李葩贈洛豐君, 齊安大君嫡長子, ……別坐李惶贈晉恩君, 仁城大君嫡長孫, 縣令李慄贈晉禮君, 仁城大君嫡衆孫」
- ^ "족보 계보도 - 장서각기록유산Db".
- ^ Her paternal grandmother was the older sister of Consort Geun, one of King U's wives and the mother of King Chang (penultimate monarch of Goryeo).
- ^ Also known as Grand Internal Princess Consort Heungnyeong (흥녕부대부인).
- ^ Her personal name was Han Naeng-yi (한냉이).
- ^ Third daughter of Han Myeong-hoe, Internal Prince Sangdang & Duke Chungseong (상당부원군 충성공 한명회), (충성공); and Lady Min of the Yeoheung Min clan (여흥 민씨), also known as Internal Princess Consort Hwangryeo (황려부부인).
- ^ Her youngest sister, Han Song-yi (한송이), became the wife of Grand Prince Jalsan, her husband's nephew and successor (today known as King Seongjong). Lady Han was posthumously honored as Queen Gonghye.
- ^ Married Crown Prince Yi Hwang in 1460.
- ^ Daughter of Han Baek-ryun, Internal Prince Cheongcheon & Duke Yanghye (청천부원군 양혜공 한백륜); and Lady Im of the Pungcheon Im clan (풍천 임씨), also known as Internal Princess Consort Seoha (서하부부인).
- ^ a b As a legitimate daughter of the king, her title properly translates to "Royal Princess" (Gongju; 공주, 公主).
- ^ Married Im Gwang-jae (임광재), created Prince Consort Pungcheon (풍천위); first son of Im Sa-hong (임사홍). His younger brother, Im Sung-jae (임숭재), later became the husband of Princess Hwisuk, a daughter of King Seongjong by his concubine, Royal Noble Consort Myeong of the Andong Kim clan.
- ^ One of his slaves, Jang Nok-su (장녹수), became the infamous concubine of Yeonsangun (his first cousin-once-removed).
- ^ Married Princess Consort Sangsan of the Sangsan Kim clan (상산부부인 김씨;? - 1529) and had no issue. Remarried to Princess Consort Seungpyeong of the Suncheon Park clan (승평부부인 박씨;1470 - 1485) (maternal granddaughter of Sim On, Queen Soheon’s father, and maternal aunt of Queen Janggyeong) and had no issue. He eventually adopted a son, Yi Pa, Prince Nakpung (낙풍군 이파), from Yi Se-gu, Prince Seokseong (석성군 세구) and Lady Ryu of the Seosan Ryu clan (서산류씨).
- ^ Concubine of the first senior rank (Bin; 빈, 嬪). Firstly known as Royal Consort So-hun (소훈) in 1462, and then as Royal Consort Suk-ui (숙의) and Royal Consort Gwi-in (귀인) in 1483 before becoming Bin.
- ^ Died after 1504 during Yeonsangun’s reign
- ^ Daughter of Choi Do-il (최도일, 崔道一) and Lady Jeong of the Gyeongju Jeong clan (경주 정씨, 慶州 鄭氏)
- ^ Lady-in-waiting of the fifth senior rank (Sanggung; 상궁, 尙宮).
- ^ Daughter of Yi Ui-saeng (이의생, 李義生) and an unnamed concubine