Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country: Difference between revisions
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===India, Republic of=== |
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In 405 samples taken in [[India]], 1.5% were G. <ref name="Hammer2006"></ref> |
In 405 samples taken in [[India]], 1.5% were G. <ref name="Hammer2006"></ref> |
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In another study that concentrated on south Indian locations,<ref name="Watkins2008"> {{cite journal |author=Watkins, W. et al. |title=Genetic variation in South Indian castes: evidence from Y-chromosome, mitochondrial, and autosomal polymorphisms |journal=BMC Genetics |volume=9 |issue=86 |year=2008 |pmid=19077280 |doi=10.1186/1471-2156-9-86 |
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|url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/9/86}}</ref> less than 1% of 155 samples was G in [[Tamil Nadu]], and the G percentage in [[Andhra Pradesh]] was 1% of 167 samples. |
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===Indonesia, Republic of=== |
===Indonesia, Republic of=== |
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Revision as of 06:23, 23 December 2009
In human genetics, Haplogroup G (M201) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup
None of the sampling done by research studies shown here would quality as true random sampling, and thus any percentages of haplogroup G provided country by country are only rough approximations of what would be found in the full population. There is evidence, however, that most authors tried to obtain samples primarily from persons with histories of long residences in the locale sampled.
Africa
Algeria, People's Democratic Republic of
In 46 samples taken in Algeria, 2% were found to be G. SNP testing was not done, but this one sample was predicted G based on haplotype. When originally tested for SNPs, G was not an available test.[1]
Benin, Republic of
Of 100 samples from Fons in Benin, 0% were G.[2]
Cameroon, Republic of
Of 85 samples taken among the Bamileke of southern Cameroon none were G, and likewise there were no G samples found among 14 Bantus there.[2]
Egypt, Arab Republic of
Of 147 samples from among Arabs in Egypt (2004), 9% were G.[2] And in a 2009 study, among 116 Egyptians, 6.9% were G.[3]
Kenya, Republic of
Of 28 samples from Bantus in Kenya, 0% were G.[2]
Madagascar, Republic of
Among 133 samples from Madagascar, none were reported as G. Of these, 124 samples came from the southeastern coast, and 9 were from the north central highlands.[4]
Morocco, Kingdom of
In 147 samples taken in Morocco, 1% were found to be G.[1]
In another study 1% of 312 samples in Morocco were G.[5]
Another study gathered samples only from hamlets in Morocco's Azgour Valley, where none of 33 samples were determined G.[6] These hamlets were selected because they were felt to be typically Berber in composition.
Rwanda, Republic of
Of 69 samples taken in Rwanda among the Hutus and 94 among the Tutsis, 0% were G.[2]
Tanzania, United Republic of
Of 43 samples from Wairaks in Tanzania, 0% were G.[2]
Tunisian Republic
In 139 samples taken in Tunisia, 0% were found to be G.[1]
In another study 0% of 52 samples were G.[5]
Western Sahara
In 29 samples taken among the Saharawi in Western Sahara, 0% were found to be G.[1]
Asia
Armenia, Republic of
Among 100 samples taken in Armenia 11% were G.[7]
Azerbaijan, Republic of
Among 72 samples taken in Azerbaijan 18% were G.[7]
China, Peoples Republic of
These percentages of G were found in the following number of samples from China in the 2006 study by Hammer et al.[8]: (a) The Turkic Uyghurs who live primarily in far northwestern China 4.5% of 67. (b) The northern Han 2.3% of 44. the remainder were negative for G (c) The southern Han 0% of 40. (d) Tibet 0% of 105. (e) The Zhuang who live in southern China or Vietnam, 0% of 20. (f) The Yao of southern China 0% of 60. (g) In Manchuria or among the Manchus in northeastern China, 0% of 93. (h) The Evenks who live principally along the border of northeastern China 0% of 31. (i) The Oroqen of northeastern China 0% of 22. (j) The Yi who live principally in southern China and who speak a Burmese language 0% of 43. (k) The Tujia of central China, 0% of 47. (l) The Yao who live mostly in southern China 0% of 60.
China, Republic of (Taiwan)
In 132 samples taken in Taiwan, 0% were G.[8]
Georgia
Among 61 samples taken in Georgia (2001), 30% were G.[9] Among 77 samples taken in Georgia (2003), 31% were G. [7] Georgia has the highest percentage of G among the general population recorded in any country.
Among 25 Kurmanji-speaking Kurds in Georgia, 0% were found to be G.[10]
In Abhazia 55% of 60 samples were found to be G as listed in a 2009 presentation by Khadizhat Dibirova[11] Some countries recognize Abhazia as separate and independent from Georgia.
India, Republic of
In 405 samples taken in India, 1.5% were G. [8]
In another study that concentrated on south Indian locations,[12] less than 1% of 155 samples was G in Tamil Nadu, and the G percentage in Andhra Pradesh was 1% of 167 samples.
Indonesia, Republic of
In 80 samples taken in Indonesia, 0% were G. [8]
In another study confined to Western New Guinea none of 183 samples were G.[13]
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Of 33 samples taken in northern Iran, 15.2% were G. Of these 5 samples, 4 were G2a (P15+). And 12.8% of 117 samples from the south of that country were G. In this latter location the percentage of G1 almost equaled the G2a percentage. The authors did not provide information about locations sampled.[14]
Of 91 samples taken at unstated location(s) in northern Iran (2009), 2.2% were G.[3]
Of 50 samples taken from the Mazandarani in northern Iran west of the Caspian Sea, 14% were G. Likewise of 50 samples from the Gilaki in the same area, 10% were G. [15]
Iraq, Republic of
Among 139 samples taken in Iraq, 2.2% were found to be G.[16]
Israel, State of
Among 738 Jewish persons in Israel 9.8% were found to be G. The G2a (P15+) types were in the majority, with G2c being the next most common type.[17]
Among the Islamic Druze, G was found in 4% of 37 samples on the Golan Heights; in 14% of 183 samples in the Galilee; and in 12% of 35 samples in the Carmel.[18]
Japan
In 259 samples taken among the following groups or locations in Japan: Ainu, Aomori, Okinawa, Shizuoka, Tokushima and Kyushu 0% were G.[8]
Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of
Among 273 samples taken in Jordan, 5.5% were G.[3]
In another study, 5.9% of 101 Jordanian samples at Amman were G, and 0% of 45 samples in the Dead Sea area in Jordan were G.[19]
Kazakhstan, Republic of
In a study of the Madyars in the Torgay area of Kazakhstan, 86.7% of 45 samples were G. This is the highest concentration of G reported anywhere in the world so far. All the samples were G1.[20]
Korea, Republic of
In 75 samples taken in Korea, 0% were G. [8] Among another 85 samples also taken in 2006 in Korea, 0% were G.[21]
Kuwait, State of
In 42 samples taken in Kuwait, 2.4% were G.[3]
In a study confined to Bedouin tribes of Kuwait, among 148 samples 3.4% were G. Most of these were found among the Aniza. All these were G2a (P15+).[22]
Lebanon, Republic of
In 916 samples from Lebanon, 6% were G. [23]
In 29 samples from another study among the Islamic Druze in Lebanon, none were G in contrast to significant percentages of G among them in Syria and Israel.[18]
Malaysia
In 32 samples taken among Malays (presumably from Malaysia, 6.3% were G. [8]
Mongolia
In 149 samples taken in Mongolia, 0.7% were G. [8] On 47 samples taken also in 2006 in Mongolia, 0% were G. [21]
Oman, Sultanate of
Of 121 samples taken among Arabs of Oman, 2% were G.[2]
Pakistan, Islamic Republic of
Of 638 samples taken in Pakistan, 2.7% were G. [24] This same study found the percentage of G among 96 samples from Pakistani Pathans was 11.5%; among 44 samples from Kalash men was 18.1% and among 97 samples from Burusho men was 1% -- all groups of northern Pakistan.
Palestine
Among 291 samples taken in Palestine 8.9% were G.[5] Palestine is recognized by only some countries.
Papua New Guinea, Independent State of
In 46 samples taken in Papua New Guinea, 0% were G. [8]
In another study 19 samples taken on the island of New Britain none were found to be G, and none of 52 samples in the Trobriand Islands were G.[13] In this same study on the mainland of Papua New Guinea, none of 197 samples were listed as G.
Philippines, Republic of
In 48 samples taken in the Philippines 0% were G. [8]
Qatar, State of
In 72 samples taken in Qatar, 2.8% were G. All were G2a P15+).[25]
Russian Federation
In the Hammer et al. 2006 study, in Russia among 98 Altai samples, 1% were G. [8] The Altai or Altay are a Turkic group overlapping Mongolia and south central Russia. In this same study among the Buryats, a Mongol people who live principally just north of Mongolia, 1.2% of 81 samples were G. and no G at all was found among 31 samples from the Evens who live principally in the far northeastern area of Russia.
In the Derenko et al. 2006 study of the southern Siberian border region,[21] going from west to east: (a) Of 92 samples from the Turkic Altaian-Kizhi, 1.1% G. (b) Of 47 samples from the Teleuts, 0% G. (c) Of 51 samples from the Turkic Shors 0% G. (d) Of 53 samples from the Turkic Khakassians, 0% G. (e) Of 113 samples from the Mongolized Turkic Tuvinians, 0.9% G. (f) Of 36 samples from the Turkic Todjins, 0% G. (g) Of 53 samples from the Turkic Tofalars, 0% G. (g) Of 34 samples from Sojots, 2.9% G. (h) Of 238 samples from the Mongol Buryats, 0.4% G. Much farther to the north among 50 Evenks, 0% G.
The Pakendorf et al. 2006 study[26] covered primarily the northeastern area of Siberia where Yakuts and Yakut-speaking Evenks live. The authors did not test for G, but the report suggests the men all belonged instead to the haplogroups shown in the report.
Sri Lanka, Democratic Socialist Republic of
In 91 samples taken in Sri Lanka 5.5% were G. [8]
Syrian Arab Republic
Among 356 samples taken in Syria, 4.8% were G.[3]
In another study of Syria, 5.5% of 200 samples were G.[5]
In another study, among 26 samples taken among the Islamic Druze in Syria 14% were G.[18]
Turkey, Republic of
Among 523 samples from Turkey, 9.2% were G. [27] The G1 samples were found only among the northeastern Turkey samples.
Among 87 Kurmanji-speaking Kurds in southeastern Turkey, 2.3% were found to be G. And among 27 Zazaki-speaking Kurds in the same area, 3.7% were G.[10]
United Arab Emirates
In 164 samples taken in the United Arab Emirates, 4.2% were G. The majority were of the G1 type.[25]
Vietnam, Socialist Republic of
In 70 samples taken in Vietnam, 0% were G. [8]
Yemen, Republic of
In 62 samples taken in Yemen, 1.6% were G. All were G2a (P15+).[25]
Australia & Pacific Islands
Australia, Commonwealth of
Among 33 samples taken among Australian Aborigines of Australia, 0% were G. [8]
Cook Islands
Among 77 samples taken in the Cook Islands none were G.[13]
Fiji Islands, Republic of the
Among 105 samples taken in Fiji none were listed as G.[13]
Niue
Among 9 samples taken in Niue none were G.[13]
Samoa, Independent State of
Among 61 samples taken in Samoa none were G.[13]
Tokelau
Among 6 samples taken in Tokelau, none were G.[13]
Tonga, Kingdom of
Among 29 samples taken in Tonga, none were G.[13]
Tuvalu
Among 100 samples taken in Tuvalu none were G.[13]
Wallis and Futuna
Among 50 samples taken in East Futuna, none were G.[13]
Europe
Cyprus, Republic of
Among 166 samples from Cyprus, 13.3% were G.[5]
Czech Republic
Among 257 samples from the Czech Republic, 5.1% were G and were overwhelmingly G2a (P15+). [28]
Finland, Republic of
A study found 5% of 40 samples from Ostrobothnia (Osterbotten) in Finland were G.[29]
French Republic
In a 2003 study, in 23 samples taken somewhere in France (2003), 0% were G, but 11.8% of 34 samples on the island of Corsica were G.[30]
Greece (Hellenic Republic)
In 76 samples taken somewhere in Greece (2003), 2.6% were G.[30] In 77 samples taken somewhere in Greece (2007), 9.1% were G.[24]
Among 193 samples (2008) taken on the island of Crete, 10.9% were G. Among 57 samples taken on the Peloponnese, 5.3% were G. And at several mainland Greek sites, 4.4% were G.[31]
Hungary, Republic of
In 100 samples taken in Hungary, 3.0% were found to G, and all were G2a (P15+).[32]
Ireland
Among 796 samples taken in all areas of Ireland, none were G..[33] The actual figure in the population is certainly not zero because there are dozens of samples from Irish ancestry persons in various databases.
Italian Republic
In a large 2007 study of 11 regions of peninsular Italy and Elba,[34] 10.7% of 699 samples were G. The authors did not sample the northwestern Milan area and the high mountains of the central north. The Val Badia samples in the far northeast of Italy had an aytpical low 3% of 34 samples. The other areas all ranged 7% to 15% G. Elba had 11% of 95 samples as G.
A 2003 study of Italy had found 11.8% of 51 samples in Sicily; 8.1% of 37 samples in Calabria; 14.1% of 78 samples in Sardinia; and 10% of 50 samples in north central Italy were G.[30]
In another 202 samples taken in Sardinia 13.9% were G.[35] The authors noted the percentage at the sampled sites in the north of the island were 10.4% G, in the central-eastern area 11.1% but only 6.5% in the southwestern area.
And another Sardinian study of 930 males found 12.6% as G. Among a subgroup of these 930 where geograpical information was available, the percentage on the southeastern coast was 13.9%; on the northeastern coast 20.9% and 13.9% in the inland central area.[36]
In another Sardinian study confined to towns in the northern sector of the island, 14% of 100 samples were all found to be G2a (P15+) based only on a probability calculation.[37] The G2 category as represented by P15 became G2a in the period in which this study was conducted. The men were predicted just "G2" in the study. But P15 (now G2a) was probably the intended category.
Malta, Republic of
In 187 samples taken in Malta, 8% were G.[5]
Moldova, Republic of
In 89 samples taken among the Turkic-speaking Gagauzes of southern Moldova 13.5% were G.[38]
Portuguese Republic
In 60 samples taken in northern Portugal, 12% were found to be G, and 9% of 78 samples in the south of the country were G.[1]
Romania
In 97 samples taken among Hungarian-speaking Skelzers in Transylvania in Romania, 5.2% were found to G, and all were G2a (P15+).[32]
Russian Federation
Western Russia. In a 2008 study,[39] 259 samples taken in three cities in the northernmost third of western Russia, about 1% were G2a (P15+). In 246 samples from three cities south of there closer to Moscow about 1% were G, with more G1 men than G2a found. In 132 samples from two cities near the border with Latvia and Estonia 0% were G. In 107 samples from a city near the border with Belarus, 0% were G. In 394 samples from four cities near the border with the Ukraine about 1% were G2a. And in 90 samples from among the Kuban Cossacks in the south, 1.1% were G2a.
And in a 2006 study[21] of 414 samples presumably from western Russia (according to a map provided) 1.2% were G. In this same study among 68 Kalmyks of Mongolian origin who live near the Caspian Sea in the south of western Russia, none were G.
Another study also in 2008[40] reported on 545 samples from 12 locations in western Russia. Of these, 1.8% of the samples were G. The highest percentage was 9.5% of 42 samples in Orlovskaja Oblast, east of Belarus and north of the Ukraine.
Caucasus Mountains. In the 2003 study by Nasidze et al.[7] these percentages of G were found in the following north Caucasus populations: (a) Kabardinians 29% of 59 samples. (b) Ingushians 27% of 22 samples. (c) Chechenians 5% of 18 samples. (d) Darginians 4% of 26 samples. (e) Abazinians 29% of 14 samples. In the 2004 study by Nasidze et al. regarding North Ossetians,[41] 57% of 23 samples at Zil'ga, 61% of 23 samples at Zamankul and 75% of 24 samples at Alagir were G. In a second study by Nasidze also in 2004,[42] 74% of 31 samples at Digora and 21% of 28 samples at Ardon were G. The G concentrations at Alagir and Digora represent the highest reported concentrations of G in any locale in the world. Though not stated in the study, most of these are likely typical G2a1a type of G based on STR marker values.
In a 2006 doctoral dissertation by B. Yunusbaev dealing with the northeastern Caucasus area,[43] he reported that 12% of the Kumyks tested were G -- with that figure composed of 11% G2a (P15+) and 1% G2c. The tiny population of Turkic Chamalins were found in sampling to be 19% G, and all of this was G2c. This is the highest percentage of G2c reported anywhere in the world. The Andis were 6% G2a. Among the Lezgins, 10% were G2a as were 3% of Dargins.
A 2009 presentation by Khadizhat Dibirova[44] indicated that in 106 samples among the Shapsugs of the far northwestern Caucasus, 81.1% were G. This is nearly the most concentrated percentage of G among any group worldwide. The type of G was not reported, and -- if determined -- it is likely the highest percentage of that group in the world if confined to one G type. Among 166 Ossetians, the author found 67.8% G. Among Terek Cossacks (n=86) the percentage was 53.5%, among Circassians of the n.w. Caucasus (n=48), 31.3%; among Lezgins (n=90) 16.7%; among Avars 12% (n=108); among Chechens of Chechyna and Ingushetia 5.6% (n=178); among Chechens of Dagestan 4.2% (n=72); among Darginians 2.3% (n=86) and none among Kaitagians (n=30) and Kubachins (n=56).
Spain, Kingdom of
Among 24 samples taken in the northeastern corner of Spain, 8.3% were G.[30] In a larger study covering about 600 mainland Spanish samples outside the Basque area, the average was about 5% G with the highest percentage recorded in Castilla-La Mancha (10%), and the lowest in parts of Andalusia and Castile (3%).[1]
Among 221 samples from Basque people in Spain 1.4% were G.[45] Of these 168 were living in the three Basque provinces. All were G2a (P15+). Another study found 0% of 116 samples in Basque country were G. [1]
A study only of Andalusia in southern Spain found that 2.1% of Andalusians were G. And of 68 separate samples specifically from the Pedroches Valley (Valle de los Pedroches) in Andalusia 2.9% were G.[6]
In the Balearic Islands 6% of 62 samples in Majorca were G; 0% of 37 samples in Minorca were G, but 13% of 54 samples in Ibiza were G.[1]
Sweden, Kingdom of
Among 305 samples taken in seven regions of Sweden 1.6% were G. The authors also found 0% G in 38 samples from nomadic Saami men of Sweden.[29]
North America
United States of America
Among 2517 persons in the United States of America from a wide variety of locales, 2.5% were found to be G. When restricted to those with European ancestry the percentage rises to about 4%. African-Americans were about 1% G, and Native Americans 0.3%.[46]
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