1883 in science
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The year 1883 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Earth sciences
- August 26 - Krakatoa begins its final phase of eruptions at 1:06pm local time. These produce a number of tsunami, mainly in the early hours of the next day, which result in about 36,000 deaths on the islands of Sumatra and Java. The final explosion at 10:02am on August 27 destroys the island of Krakatoa itself and is heard up to 3000 miles away.
- Vasily Dokuchaev publishes Russian Chernozem.
[edit] Genetics
- The concept and term Eugenics are formulated by Francis Galton.[1]
[edit] Medicine
- Thomas Clouston publishes Clinical Lectures on Mental Diseases.
- Emil Kraepelin publishes Compendium der Psychiatrie.
- Journal of the American Medical Association first published under this title.
[edit] Microbiology
- Robert Koch isolates Vibrio cholerae, the cholera bacillus.
[edit] Technology
- Charles Fritts constructs the first solar cell using the semiconductor selenium on a thin layer of gold to form a device giving less than 1% efficiency.
[edit] Zoology
- August 12 - The last quagga dies at the Artis Magistra zoo in Amsterdam.
[edit] Awards
- Copley Medal: William Thomson, Lord Kelvin
- Wollaston Medal for Geology: William Thomas Blanford
[edit] Births
- May 13 - Georgios Papanikolaou (d. 1962), inventor of the Pap smear.
- June 24 - Victor Francis Hess (d. 1964), American physicist.
- October 2 - Karl von Terzaghi (d. 1963), Austrian "father of soil mechanics".
- October 8 - Otto Heinrich Warburg (d. 1970), German physiologist and winner of the 1931 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
[edit] Deaths
- May 13 - James Young (b. 1811), Scottish chemist.
- June 18 - John Waterston (b. 1811), Scottish physicist and civil engineer (drowned).
- June 26 - General Sir Edward Sabine (b. 1788), Anglo-Irish physicist, astronomer and explorer.
- December 8 - François Lenormant (b. 1837), French assyriologist and numismatist.
[edit] Referemces
- ^ Galton, Francis (1883). Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development. London: Macmillan. p. 199.
