1893 in science
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| List of years in science (table) |
|---|
| ... 1883 . 1884 . 1885 . 1886 . 1887 . 1888 . 1889 ... 1890 1891 1892 -1893- 1894 1895 1896 ... 1897 . 1898 . 1899 . 1900 . 1901 . 1902 . 1903 ... |
| Art . Archaeology . Architecture . Literature . Music . Philosophy . Science +... |
The year 1893 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
Biology [edit]
- July 11 - Kokichi Mikimoto, in Japan, develops the method to seed and grow cultured pearls.
- Henry Luke Bolley discovers a method of treating smut with formaldehyde.
Chemistry [edit]
- Hans Goldschmidt discovers the thermite reaction.[1]
- Alfred Werner discovers the octahedral structure of cobalt complexes, thus establishing the field of coordination chemistry.[2]
Earth sciences [edit]
- Eduard Suess postulates the former existence of the Tethys Sea.
Exploration [edit]
- Mary Kingsley lands in Sierra Leone on the first of her journeys through Africa in the interests of anthropology and natural history.
Medicine [edit]
- July 9 - Daniel H. Williams completes the first successful open heart surgery.
- October 5 - Johns Hopkins Medical School opens in the United States.
- Emil Kraepelin introduces the concept of dementia praecox in the classification of mental disorders, distinguishing it from mood disorder in his Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie (4th edition).
- Ádám Politzer describes otosclerosis for the first time.
- Vladimir Bekhterev describes Ankylosing spondylitis.[3]
Physics [edit]
- Wilhelm Wien formulates Wien's displacement law.
Technology [edit]
- January 2 - Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America.
- February 1 - Thomas Edison finishes construction of the first motion picture studio in West Orange, New Jersey.
- February 11 - János Csonka and Donát Bánki apply for a patent for the carburetor in Hungary.[4][5]
- February 23 - Rudolf Diesel receives a patent for the diesel engine. In this year he also publishes his treatise Theorie und Konstruktion eines rationellen Wärmemotors zum Ersatz der Dampfmaschine und der heute bekannten Verbrennungsmotoren.
- February 28 - Edward Goodrich Acheson patents the method for making the abrasive silicon carbide powder.[6]
- May 9 - Edison's 1½ inch system of Kinetoscope is first demonstrated in public at the Brooklyn Institute.
- May - William Scherzer (dies July 20, 1893) files a patent for his design of rolling lift bridge.[7]
- June 21 - The first Ferris Wheel opens to the public at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago.[8][9]
- July 25 - Completion of the Corinth Canal in Greece.[10]
- August 17 - Wilhelm Maybach patents the spray nozzle carburetor in France.[5]
- Refinery for Pacific Coast Borax Company in Alameda, California, designed by Ernest L. Ransome, is the first major reinforced concrete building in the United States.[11]
Awards [edit]
Births [edit]
- February 3 - Gaston Julia (died 1978), French mathematician.
- April 29 - Harold Urey (died 1981), American winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- April 30 - Roy Chadwick (died 1947), English aircraft designer.
- June 13 - Alan A. Griffith (died 1963), English stress engineer.
- August 5 - Sydney Camm (died 1966), English aircraft designer.
- August 15 - Leslie Comrie (died 1950), New Zealand astronomer and computing pioneer.
- August 24 - Haim Ernst Wertheimer (died 1978) German Jewish biochemist.
- August 25 - Henry Trendley Dean (died 1962), American dental researcher.
- September 16 - Albert Szent-Györgyi (died 1986), Hungarian physiologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- October 23 - Ernst Öpik (died 1985), Estonian astronomer and astrophysicist.
- November 3 - Edward Adelbert Doisy (died 1986), American biochemist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Deaths [edit]
- January 2 - John Obadiah Westwood (born 1805), English entomologist.
- January 7 - Jožef Stefan (born 1835), Slovenian physicist and mathematician.
- August 16 - Jean-Martin Charcot (born 1825), French neurologist.
- December 4 - John Tyndall (born 1820), British physicist.
- December 6 - Rudolf Wolf (born 1816), Swiss astronomer
- December 28 - Richard Spruce (born 1817), English botanist.
References [edit]
- ^ Goldschmidt, H. (13 March 1895). Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallen oder Metalloiden oder Legierungen derselben ("Process for the production of metals or metalloids or alloys of the same"). Deutsche Reichs Patent no. 96317.
- ^ "Alfred Werner: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913". Nobel Lectures, Chemistry 1901–1921. Elsevier Publishing Company. 1966. Retrieved 2007-03-24.
- ^ Bechterew, W. (1893). "Steifigkeit der Wirbelsaule und ihre Verkrummung als besondere Erkrankungsform". Neurologisches Centralblatt 12: 426–434.
- ^ 10891/1893, issued 3 May 1894.
- ^ a b Trudeau, Terence (1990). "The Work and Life of John Csonka". Csonka János Emlékmúzeum. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ Acheson, G. (1893) U.S. Patent 492,767 Production of artificial crystalline carbonaceous material.
- ^ U.S. Patent 511,713 granted December 26, 1893. Historic American Engineering Record (1984). New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, Fort Point Channel Rolling Lift Bridge (Scherzer Rolling Lift Bridge) (PDF). HAER, MA-35. Washington, DC. pp. 7–8. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
- ^ Anderson, Norman D. Ferris wheels: an illustrated history.
- ^ Meehan, Patrick, The Big Wheel, Hyde Park Historical Society, retrieved 2011-10-20
- ^ "Η αντίστροφη μέτρηση". Διώρυγα Κορίνθου. 2009. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
- ^ Engineering News 29 (16 February 1893) pp. 162-163.
