2013 Bohol earthquake

Coordinates: 9°48′N 124°12′E / 9.80°N 124.20°E / 9.80; 124.20
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2013 Bohol earthquake
Location of the epicenter of the earthquake in relation to the scale map of the Philippines.
Epicentre
Epicentre
UTC time??
Duration30 seconds[1]
Magnitude7.2 Ms
Depth33.0 km (20.5 mi)[2]
Epicenter9°48′N 124°12′E / 9.80°N 124.20°E / 9.80; 124.20
TypeTectonic[2]
Areas affectedPhilippines
Max. intensityIntensity VII (Tagbilaran, Bohol)[2]
Landslides
  • Aloguinsan, Cebu[3]
  • Boljoon, Cebu[3]
  • Balilihan, Bohol[4]
  • Carmen, Bohol[4]
Aftershocks941 (latest official reports from NDRRMC as of 7:00 p.m. October 16, 2013)[5]
Casualties
  • 144 dead; 23 missing; 291 injured (data from NDRRMC; as of 7:00 p.m. October 16)[5]

The 2013 Bohol earthquake occurred on October 15, 2013 at 8:12:31 a.m. (PST) in Bohol, an island province located in Central Visayas, Philippines.[6] The earthquake was recorded at 7.2 Ms.[2][7] Its epicenter was located in Carmen, Bohol and has a depth of 33 kilometres (21 mi).[2] The quake was felt as far as Davao City, a city located in the island of Mindanao.[6]

According to recent official reports by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), 144 were reported dead, 23 were missing, and 291 people were injured.[5]

It was the deadliest earthquake in the Philippines in 23 years. The energy of the quake released was equivalent to 32 Hiroshima bombs dropped in Hiroshima, Japan during the atomic bombing of that city.[8] Previously, Bohol was also hit by an earthquake on February 8, 1990 which had damaged several buildings and caused a tsunami.[9][10]

Cause

The 7.2 earthquake was caused by vertical movement of the East Bohol Fault in southern Bohol.[8][11]

Impact

Casualties and damages

The earthquake struck on a holiday in the Philippines, specifically the Muslim holiday of Eid al-Adha. The holiday had closed schools, some businesses, and offices which helped reduce the number of casualties.[12]

A total of 75.15 million pesos worth of damages to roads, bridges, and flood controls was reported in Bohol and Cebu. A total of 593, 561 families or more than 3 million people were affected by the quake. Out of the affected total people, 7, 430 families or more than 37 thousand people were displaced.[5]

Bohol

A building at the Tagbilaran Port Terminal, and a ceiling of the second floor and the airport tower of Tagbilaran Airport in Tagbilaran collapsed. Church of San Pedro Apostol in Loboc, the Church of Our Lady of Light in Loon and Santa Cruz Parish Church in Maribojoc collapsed; while in Baclayon, the facade of Church of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception and its bell tower were totally damaged. Other churches, such as the Santissima Trinidad Parish in Loay, the Church of Our Lady of the Assumption in Dauis and the San Nicolas Church in Dimiao were also partially damaged.[13] In Carmen, a leaning tower and a viewdeck in Chocolate Hills, and some of the hills itself were destroyed.[14][15][16]

Several government buildings in the province were also partially damaged.[3] Congressman Natalino P. Castillo, Sr. Memorial Hospital in Loon collapsed and had trapped and killed an unknown number of patients.[17] Several bridges, like Abaton and Bacong bridges in Cortes, were damaged and impassable. Residential houses too located in Cortes collapsed with some partially damaged. Energy services in the province were also cut-off.[3]

As of 7:00 p.m. bulletin released by NDRRMC on October 16, 2013, a total of 134 people were confirmed dead, 181 people were confirmed injured, and 23 confirmed missing.[5] Also, a total of 102, 505 families were affected by the quake.[3]

Cebu

Several structures in Cebu City incurred total and partial damages. A building in Pasil Fish Port in Cebu City collapsed killing five people and injuring seven people.[17][18] The Basilica Minore del Santo Niño's bell tower also collapsed.[13] Cebu Provincial Capitol was also badly hit by the quake.[18] Several hospitals such as Cebu Doctors' University Hospital and St. Vincent Hospital incurred damages.[3] A stampede in a Cebu gym caused five deaths and injured eight.[17][19]

In Cebu, as of 7:00 p.m. bulletin released by NDRRMC on October 16, 2013, 9 people were confirmed dead, 106 people injured,[5] and a total of 339, 522 families were affected by the quake.[3]

Other Visayas islands

Intensity VI was recorded in Hinigaran, Negros Occidental; Intensity V in Iloilo, La Carlota, Guimaras, Abuyog in Leyte, and Sibulan in Negros Occidental; Intensity IV in Roxas City, Masbate, Bacolod, Bulusan in Sorsogon, Patnongon and San Jose in Antique, Tacloban, Hinunangan, Bato and Tabon in Leyte, and Baybay in Southern Leyte; Intensity II in Borongan in Samar, Laon in Antique; Intensity I and II at various towns in Aklan.[8]

In Negros Occidental, several private buildings incurred damages. In Iloilo, the administration office of Iloilo Airport was slightly damaged. In Siquijor, as of 6:00 a.m. bulletin released by NDRRMC on October 16, 2013, one person had died and three people were injured from the quake.[5] Another person in Negros Oriental was also injured.[5]

Mindanao

The quake was felt in Intensity V in Cagayan de Oro and Gingoog in Misamis Oriental; Intensity IV in Butuan; Intensity III in Davao City, Cotabato, Zamboanga, Surigao, Bukidnon, and in Zamboanga del Norte; Intensity II in Tacurong.[8]

Transportation

Several flights from Cebu and Bohol airports and the airport operations itself were put on hold as response to check the safety status of the airport buildings. Mactan International Airport in Mactan was later opened before midday;[12] However, flights between Manila and Bohol were canceled due to suspension of operations in Tagbilaran Airport.[20] Several seaports were closed for some hours, all except Tagbilaran Seaport were later permitted to resume operations.[5]

Response

Baclayon and Loboc churches, before the earthquake.

Warnings

The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center did not issue a Pacific-wide tsunami threat.[21][22] The United States Geological Survey issued a yellow warning, saying "some casualties and damage are possible and the impact should be relatively localised. Past yellow alerts have required a local or regional level response."[23] SHOA, of the Chilean Navy, stated the earthquake would not affect national or South American coasts.[24]

Government responses

State of calamity were issued by Cebu and Bohol provincial governments on October 15, 2013.[25] The National Commission for Culture and the Arts, National Historical Commission of the Philippines, and the National Museum have expressed their commitment to rehabilitate the ten heritage churches damaged by the quake. Many of the churches destroyed were iconic and are considered as historical landmarks. One was Basilica Minore del Santo Niño which was the oldest church in the Philippines.[26][27] Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology continuously monitors the geological activity of the region. The Philippine National Police had declared a full alert status and deployed 271 personnel and 27 vehicles in Bohol and Cebu and has continuously monitored the effects of the earthquake. The Armed Forces of the Philippines coordinated with local governments and provincial disaster management units for updates on the situtation and for damage assessments. The Department of Health placed the affected region into code red alert status.[5] On October 16, 2013, the regional consular office of the Department of Foreign Affairs in Cebu suspended its operations in order to inspect for damages in its office. All services will resume once public safety is ensured.[28]

Philippine President Benigno Aquino III visited the provinces of Cebu and Bohol on October 16, 2013 and assessed the damages caused by the quake.[29] Minutes upon his arrival in Tagbilaran, Bohol, a 5.1 magnitude aftershock occurred.[30]

Aid responses

The Department of Social Welfare and Development has released ten million pesos for purchase of relief goods for the displaced families. The Department is planning to distribute two thousand family packs and 100 rolls of laminated sacks which will be airlifted by the Philippine Air Force's C130. It has allocated 98 million pesos (USD 2.2m) worth of standby funds.[3]

Aftershocks

As of the 7:00 p.m. bulletin released by NDRRMC on October 16, 2013, 941 aftershocks were recorded, 21 of which were felt.[5]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2013 Philippines earthquake.

References

  1. ^ Dennis Carcamo (October 15, 2013). "93 dead in Visayas quake". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 15, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Earthquake Bulletin No. 2: 7.2 Bohol Earthquake". Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. October 15, 2013. Retrieved October 15, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "SitRep No.2 re Effects of Earthquake in Carmen, Bohol" (PDF). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. October 15, 2013. Retrieved October 15, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ a b "Massive extremely dangerous earthquake in Bohol, Philippines – At least 93 people killed, 167 injured, around 4 billion PHP damage expected". Earthquake Report. October 15, 2013. Retrieved October 15, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "SitRep No.4 re Effects of Earthquake in Carmen, Bohol" (PDF). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. October 16, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  6. ^ a b Frances Mangosing (October 15, 2013). "Death toll from Bohol quake jumps to 85". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 15, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  7. ^ Bulilit Marquez (October 15, 2013). "Death toll in Philippines quake jumps to 93". Associated Press. Retrieved October 15, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ a b c d Jeannette I. Andrade (October 15, 2013). "Bohol earthquake strongest to hit Visayas and Mindanao in over 20 years". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 15, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  9. ^ Floyd Whaley (October 15, 2013). "Major Earthquake Strikes Central Philippines". The New York Times. Retrieved October 15, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  10. ^ Marc Jayson Cayabyab (October 15, 2013). "Bohol quake as strong as 32 atomic bombs –Phivolcs". GMA News. Retrieved October 15, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  11. ^ Becky Oskin (October 16, 2013). "What Caused the Deadly Philippines Earthquake?". LiveScience. Yahoo! News Philippines. Retrieved October 16, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  12. ^ a b Clarissa Batino & Joel Guinto (October 16, 2013). "Aquino to Visit Philippine Earthquake Zone as Deaths Rise to 67". Bloomberg. Retrieved October 16, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  13. ^ a b Pia Ranada (October 15, 2013). "Heartbreaking: 10 iconic churches in Bohol, Cebu damaged". Rappler. Retrieved October 15, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  14. ^ Erik De Castro (October 15, 2013). "Strong quake kills at least 74 in central Philippines". Reuters. Retrieved October 16, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  15. ^ "Chocolate Hills viewing deck destroyed by earthquake". GMA News. October 15, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  16. ^ "Prized Chocolate Hills damaged by quake". ABS-CBN News. October 15, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ a b c Umberto Bacchi (October 15, 2013). "Philippines Earthquake: Patients Trapped under Collapsed Hospital as Death Toll Reaches 93 [GRAPHIC PHOTOS]". International Business Times. Retrieved October 15, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  18. ^ a b Avigail Olarte and Lala Olarte (October 15, 2013). "7.2-magnitude earthquake stuns Bohol, Cebu". VERA Files. Yahoo! News Philippines. Retrieved October 15, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  19. ^ Bulilit Marquez (October 15, 2013). "Bohol Island, Philippines Earthquake 2013 Leaves Dozens Dead". Associated Press. The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 16, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  20. ^ Elias O. Baquero, Gerome M. Dalipe and Katlene O. Cacho (October 16, 2013). "Malls closed, sailing ban imposed in Cebu". Sun Star Cebu. Retrieved October 16, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  21. ^ October 15, 2013. "No widespread tsunami threat after major earthquake hits Philippines". Agence France-Presse. The Raw Story. Retrieved October 15, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ "Deadly earthquake rocks the Philippines". Agence France-Presse. The Australian. October 15, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  23. ^ Zoe Daniel (October 15, 2013). "At least 93 people dead as magnitude-7.1 earthquake strikes Philippines". ABC News. Retrieved October 16, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  24. ^ Jiménez, Fernando (14 October 2013). "Terremoto 7,2 Richer azota al centro de Filipinas". 24 Horas (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Televisión Nacional de Chile. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  25. ^ "State of calamity in Cebu, Bohol". Rappler. October 15, 2013. Retrieved October 15, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  26. ^ "NCCA vows to restore quake-damaged churches". ABS-CBN News. October 15, 2013. Retrieved October 15, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  27. ^ Pia Ranada (October 15, 2013). "Cultural agencies to restore damaged heritage structures". Rappler. Retrieved October 15, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  28. ^ Matikas Santos (October 16, 2013). "DFA suspends Cebu consular office operations". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 16, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  29. ^ "Aquino to visit Cebu, Bohol Wednesday to assess quake damage". Philippine News Agency. Interaksyon. October 16, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  30. ^ Jaime Sinapit (October 16, 2013). "Magnitude 5.1 aftershock greets P-Noy at Tabilaran City". Interaksyon. Retrieved October 16, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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