Enryaku

964–968	Kōhō
968–970	Anna
970–973	Tenroku
973–976	Ten'en
976–978	Jōgen
978–983	Tengen
983–985	Eikan
985–987	Kanna
987–988	Eien
988–990	Eiso
990–995	Shōryaku
995–999	Chōtoku
999–1004	Chōhō
1004–1012	Kankō
1012–1017	Chōwa
1017–1021	Kannin
1021–1024	Jian
1024–1028	Manju
1028–1037	Chōgen
1037–1040	Chōryaku

806–810	Daidō
810–824	Kōnin
824–834	Tenchō
834–848	Jōwa
848–851	Kashō
851–854	Ninju
854–857	Saikō
857–859	Ten'an
859–877	Jōgan
877–885	Gangyō
885–889	Ninna
889–898	Kanpyō
898–901	Shōtai
901–923	Engi
923–931	Enchō
931–938	Jōhei
938–947	Tengyō
947–957	Tenryaku
957–961	Tentoku
961–964	Ōwa

645–650	Taika
650–654	Hakuchi
686–686	Shuchō
701–704	Taihō
704–708	Keiun
708–715	Wadō
Nara
715–717	Reiki
717–724	Yōrō
724–729	Jinki
729–749	Tenpyō
749	Tenpyō-kanpō
749–757	Tenpyō-shōhō
757–765	Tenpyō-hōji
765–767	Tenpyō-jingo
767–770	Jingo-keiun
770–781	Hōki
781–782	Ten'ō
782–806	Enryaku

Enryaku (延暦) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō,, lit. "year name") after Ten'ō and before Daidō. This period spanned the years from August 782 through May 806.^[1] The reigning emperor was Kammu-tennō (桓武天皇).^[2]

Change of era

November 12, 782 Enryaku gannen (延暦元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Ten'ō 2, on the 19th day of the 8th month of 782.^[3]

Events of the Enryaku era

782 (Enryaku 1, 6th month): The sadaijin Fujiwara no Uona was removed from his office and exiled to Kyushi. Some time later, the emperor did permit him to return to the capital where he died. In the same general time frame, Fujiwara no Tamaro was named udaijin. During these days in which the offices of sadaijin and udaijin were vacant, the major counselors (the dainagon) and the emperor assumed responsibilities and powers which would have been otherwise delegated.^[4]
783 (Enryaku 3, in the 3rd month): The udaijin Tamaro died at the age of 62 years.^[4]
783 (Enryaku 3, in the 7th month): Fujiwara no Korekimi became the new udaijin to replace the late Fujiwara no Tamaro.^[4]
793 (Enryaku 12): Under the leadership of the Buddhist priest Dengyō, construction is begun on the Enryaku Temple.^[5]
December 17, 794 (Enryaku 13, 21st day of the 10th month): The Emperor moves by carriage in a grand procession from Nara to Heian-kyō.^[5]
796 (Enryaku 15): Additional copper coins were put into circulation, each bearing the legend Ren-hei Ei-hō.^[6]
806 (Enryaku 25): Emperor Kammu's reign lasted for 25 years. He died at the age of 70.^[7] He was buried to the south of Heian-kyō, in the neighborhood of Momoyama; but the actual location became uncertain. In 1894, another tomb was created when the Heian Shrine was rebuilt. His spirit is said to rest in peace next to the tomb of Emperor Meiji at this shrine.^[8]

Notes

^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Enryaku" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 181, p. 181, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 86-95; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 277-279; Varley, H. Paul. Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 148-150.
^ Brown, p. 278.
^ ^a ^b ^c Titsingh, p.86.
^ ^a ^b Brown, p. 279.
^ Appert, Georges et al. (1888). Ancien japon, p. 30.
^ Varley, p. 150.
^ Lowe, John. (2000). Old Kyoto: A Short Social History, pp.10-11.

References

Appert, Georges and Hiroshi Kinoshita. (1888). Ancien japon. Tokyo: Kokubunsha. OCLC 458497085
Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. 10-ISBN 0-520-03460-0; 13-ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 10-ISBN 0-674-01753-6; 13-ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
Varley, H. Paul. (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press. 10-ISBN 0231049404/13-ISBN 9780231049405; OCLC 6042764

External links

National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Enryaku	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th	11th	12th	13th	14th	15th	16th	17th	18th	19th	20th	21st	22nd	23rd	24th	25th
Gregorian	782	783	784	785	786	787	788	789	790	791	792	793	794	795	796	797	798	799	800	801	802	803	804	805	806

Preceded by Ten'ō	Era or nengō Enryaku 782 – 806	Succeeded by Daidō

This article about a Japanese era name is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Enryaku" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 181, p. 181, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.

[2] Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 86-95; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 277-279; Varley, H. Paul. Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 148-150.

[3] Brown, p. 278.

[t86-4] Titsingh, p.86.

[b279-5] Brown, p. 279.

[6] Appert, Georges et al. (1888). Ancien japon, p. 30.

[7] Varley, p. 150.

[8] Lowe, John. (2000). Old Kyoto: A Short Social History, pp.10-11.

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