Gendarmerie General Command

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Gendarmerie General Command
Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı
Emblem of the Gendarmerie General Command
Emblem of the Gendarmerie General Command
Flag of the Gendarmerie General Commander
Flag of the Gendarmerie General Commander
Agency overview
Formed1839[1]
Preceding agencies
Employees196,863 sworn members (As of January 2020) + 80,000 to 90,000 Village guards.[2]
1,475 Armored and utility vehicles
59 Helicopters [3]
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdictionTurkey
General nature
Operational structure
HeadquartersAnkara
Elected officer responsible
Agency executives
  • General Arif Çetin, Commander
  • Lt. General Ali Çardakçı, Deputy Commander
  • Lt. General Musa Çitil, Deputy Commander
  • Maj. General H.Zafer KOÇ, Deputy Commander
Parent agencyMinistry of the Interior, Turkish Armed Forces,[4] (in war time until 2016)
Notables
Significant operations
Website
jandarma.gov.tr/

The Gendarmerie General Command (Turkish: Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı) is the national Gendarmerie force of the Republic of Turkey. It is a service branch of the Turkish Ministry of Interior responsible for the maintenance of the public order in areas that fall outside the jurisdiction of police forces (generally in rural areas), as well as assuring internal security along with carrying out other specific duties assigned to it by certain laws and regulations. In wartime, some of its elements can be subordinated to Turkish Land Forces by the President of Turkey.

The Commander of the Gendarmerie reports to the Minister of the Interior.

The Gendarmerie has its roots in the Ottoman Empire military law enforcement organization "Subaşı" (later known as the "Zaptiye"). A similar, earlier force called "Şurta" existed during the medieval Seljuq Empire.

History

Ottoman Gendarmerie Cavalry in Macedonia.

Ottoman era

Main article: Ottoman Gendarmerie

After the abolition of the Janissary corps of the Ottoman Empire in 1826, military organizations called Asâkir-i Muntazâma-i Mansûre, Asâkir-i Muntazâma-i Hâssa, and, in 1834, Asâkir-i Redîfe were established for security and public order in Anatolia and in some provinces of Rumelia.[citation needed]

British officers in the Ottoman Gendarmerie, 1904

As the first use of the term Gendarmerie was in the Assignment Decrees published in the years following the 1839 Edict of Gülhane, it is assumed that the Gendarmerie organization was founded after that year, but the exact date of foundation has not yet been determined. Therefore, the date on which the name Asâkir-i Zaptiye Nizâmnâmesi was adopted, June 14, 1839, is usually considered the foundation date of the Turkish Gendarmerie.[5]

After the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War, Ottoman prime minister Mehmed Said Pasha decided to bring police officers from Britain and France to establish a modern law enforcement organization. The Gendarmerie was used to great effect after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, particularly in Rumelia. In 1909, the Gendarmerie was affiliated with the Ministry of War, and its name was changed to the Gendarmerie General Command (Ottoman Turkish: Umûm Jandarma Kumandanlığı).

Gendarmerie units continued their internal security duties as well as taking part in the conflict at various fronts as a part of the Armed Forces during World War I and the Turkish War of Independence.[citation needed]

Republic of Turkey

20th century

A Turkish conscript gendarme on guard at Topkapı Palace in Istanbul

The Gendarmerie organization achieved its current legal status on June 10, 1930. In 1939, the Gendarmerie organization was restructured, having three groups: Fixed Gendarmerie Units, Mobile Gendarmerie Units, and Gendarmerie Training Units and Schools.[citation needed]

In 1956, the Gendarmerie General Command was assigned the duties of protecting borders, coasts and territorial waters, and fighting smuggling, which had been previously carried out by the Gümrük Umum Kumandanlığı, under the Ministry of Customs and Monopoly. In 1957, Gendarmerie Border Units were transformed into brigades, and Gendarmerie Training Brigades were established.[citation needed]

In 1961, Gendarmerie Regional Commands were established. In 1968, the first Gendarmerie Aviation Unit was established in Diyarbakır under the name of Light Helicopter Company Command.[citation needed]

In 1974, Gendarmerie Commando Units and Gendarmerie Aviation Units took part in the Turkish military operations in Cyprus.[citation needed]

In 1988, the duty of protecting the land borders and ensuring their security was assigned to the Land Forces Command, but Gendarmerie General Command still holds the responsibility for some parts of the Iranian and Syrian borders and the whole Iraqi border.[citation needed]

The Gendarmerie Criminal Department was founded in Ankara in 1993 and from 1994, Gendarmerie Regional Criminal Laboratory Superiorities? were founded. Crime Scene Examination Teams, Explosive Material Disposal Units, Fingerprints and Palm Prints Branches and Crime Scene Examination Units were also established.[citation needed]

21st century

In 2016, the Gendarmerie General Command was affiliated to the Ministry of Interior.[6]

In 2018, Gendarmerie Special Operations participated in Operation Olive Branch, part of the Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War.[citation needed] According to the Syrian Observatory of Human Rights, Turkish Gendarmerie killed 500 Syrian civilians at the turkish-syrian border.[7]

The Gendarmerie General Command currently has a total of 3,600 units, including 3,056 Internal Security Units, 218 Commando Units, 162 Prison Units, 160 Protection Units and four Aviation Units.[citation needed]

Duties

The duties of the gendarmerie according to the Law No. 2803 on the Organization, Duties and Powers of the Gendarmerie; It is categorized under four main titles as judicial, military, civil and other duties.[8]

Judicial duties

  • Finding crimes and criminals,
  • Capturing suspects,
  • Transferring evidence judicial authorities,
  • Conduct preparatory investigations when instructed to by the public prosecutor,
  • Transporting prisoners between jails and courthouses.

Civil duties

  • To ensure that the services for general safety and security are carried out in accordance with the relevant legislation,
  • To carry out the services of informing the public about how to protect the society from public order crime, directing children and young people to crime and taking precautionary measures,
  • To evaluate the information and statistics about public order crimes, to conduct or have an analysis of the crime and to determine the methods of combating crime to prevent public order crimes by evaluating them,
  • Carrying out activities to prevent crime,
  • Preventing, pursuing and investigating smuggling,
  • External protection of penal institutions and detention centers.

Military duties

  • To perform military services provided by law

Other duties

  • These are duties other than judicial, military and civil duties, such as facility and personal protection and transport security, which must be carried out in accordance with laws and regulations, orders and decisions.

Structure

Gendarmerie General Command Headquarters

Commands

Gendarmerie General Command Headquarters (Ankara)

Criminal units

  • Provincial Gendarmerie Commands in 81 provinces & in 388 districts.
    • The Crime Scene Investigation Teams (CSIT) (Working under the Provincial and District Gendarmerie Commands systematically examine the crime scene by means of technical and scientific methods; properly gather physical evidences; pack and send them to forensic laboratories.)
    • Explosive Ordnance Disposal Teams ( which have been established in tourism regions, regions with a concentration of terror incidents and big cities, dispose of explosive ordnances.)
    • Crime scene investigation units[13]
    • Anti-Smuggling and Organized Crime Department (ASOCD)[14]

Other units

  • Gendarmerie Traffic Teams
    • The Gendarmerie Motorcycled Public Order Teams (Round-the-clock at the highways established by the protocols in the responsibility areas of the Gendarmerie General Command.)
  • Gendarmerie Dog Teams
  • Gendarmerie Environmental Protection Teams (Environmental Protection Teams have been established in order to protect environment, ecological balance and natural life, to protect living species and areas protected by national legislation and international conventions and to prevent environmental pollution.)[15]
  • The Gendarmerie Mounted Units (Used in performing patrolling services at resort areas, forestlands, recreation spots and museums (Topkapı Palace), and in performing preventive law enforcement services.)[16]

Ranks

Officers

NATO code OF-10 OF-9 OF-8 OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2 OF-1 OF(D) Student officer
Turkish Gendarmerie
 Various
[a]
Orgeneral Korgeneral Tümgeneral Tuğgeneral Albay Yarbay Binbaşı Yüzbaşı Üsteğmen Teğmen Asteğmen

Other Ranks

NATO code OR-9 OR-8 OR-7 OR-6 OR-5 OR-4 OR-3 OR-2 OR-1
Turkish Gendarmerie[17][18]
Uzman Jandarma VIII Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma VII Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma VI Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma V Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma IV Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma III Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma II Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma I Kademeli Çavuş
Uzman Çavuş IV Uzman Çavuş III Uzman Çavuş II Uzman Çavuş I
Astsubay kıdemli başçavuş Astsubay başçavuş Astsubay kıdemli üstçavuş Astsubay üstçavuş Astsubay kıdemli çavuş Astsubay çavuş Uzman onbaşı

The Gendarmerie Museum

Museum

The Gendarmerie Museum is established in order to reflect the developments in periodical order beginning with the foundation of the Gendarmerie organization; to exhibit its activities, heroic deeds, services in the history; to protect all kinds of military cultural assets related to the Gendarmerie by collecting them and to transfer them to the future generations. The Gendarmerie Museum in the Beytepe Lieutenant General İsmail SELEN Quarters in Ankara and is open to public.[19]

Equipment

Handguns

Shotguns

Submachine guns

Assault and battle rifles

Machine guns

Sniper rifles

Rocket and grenade launchers

Mortars

Vehicles and Aerial vehicles

Model Image Origin Type Variant Number Details
Armored personnel carriers
Sisu Nasu  Finland Tracked All-Terrain Vehicle NA-140 BT 47
Kirpi  Turkey MRAP Kirpi

Kirpi II

200

x

Based on the Israeli Hatehof Navigator.[42]
Vuran[43]  Turkey MRAP Vuran 4x4 Uknown The Gendarmerie Special Public Security Commando entered the inventory of the Vuran armored vehicle with Mobile Adjustable Ramp System. [44]
Cobra  Turkey MRAP Cobra I

Cobra II[43]

200

x

Its suspension / wheel base is based on the American HMMWV which led some to mistakenly claim that Turkey actually uses the HMMWV as one of its utility vehicles.[45]
Nurol Ejder[43] File:Thumbs b c d0742ff69c3760b985f82fe63ebdd91c.jpg  Turkey MRAP Ejder Yalçın 4x4 Uknown
Otokar Akrep  Turkey MRAP Akrep I unknown Turkish Land Forces as new models enter the equipment slowly giving the old equipment to the gendarmerie.
Cadillac Gage Commando  United States Armored Personnel Carrier V-150S 124 Lacking a dedicated vehicle for its reconnaissance battalions, Turkey ordered 124 LAV-150 vehicles in 1992 from the Cadillac Corporation.[citation needed]
Otokar ZPT  Turkey Armored Car 250 After the cancellation of Akrep, Otokar started to produce cheaper alternative for the law enforcement agencies and the army. ZPT is based on Shorland S-55.
BTR-60  Soviet Union/ Germany Armored Personnel Carrier BTR-60PB 323[46] Bought from ex-GDR stockpile after German unification.[47] All modernized.
Condor  Germany Armored Personnel Carrier Condor 1 25[46]
Dragoon  United States Armored Personnel Carrier Dragoon 300 150[48]
Concealed Armored D-Max [1]  Turkey Armored Car Pick-Up x 4+1 passenger capacity
Community Incident Intervention Vehicle
TOMA[43]  Turkey Armored vehicle Uknown
Aircraft
Beechcraft Super King Air[49][50]  United States Light transport aircraft B350[51] Unknown Used by Gendarmerie Aviation Command[50]
Cessna C-680  United States Light transport aircraft C-680[52] Unknown Used by Gendarmerie Aviation Command[50]
Dornier Do 28  Germany Transport Do-28D 2[53]
Helicopters
Sikorsky-S70 Black Hawk  United States/ Turkey Utility helicopter S-70A

T-20

S-70i

27 Avionics upgraded by ASELSAN.T-70 variant in use. 30 more on order
UH-1 Huey  United States/ Turkey Utility helicopter AB-205[54] 13 Avionics upgraded by ASELSAN.
TAI/AgustaWestland T129 ATAK  Turkey Attack helicopter T129 13[55]
Mil Mi-17  Russia/ Turkey Utility helicopter Mi-17 IVA 18 Avionics upgraded by ASELSAN.
Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles
TAI Anka  Turkey UAV Anka B

Anka S

2[56]

6[57]

Elazig Gendarmerie UAV command[58][59]
Bayraktar TB2  Turkey UAV TB2 18[60]
Bayraktar Mini UAV  Turkey UAV C unknown
Black Hornet Nano[61]  Norway Micro-UAV PD-100 Black Hornet unknown

Gallery

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Student officer insignia designates school grade rather than military seniority.

References

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  2. ^ "TSK Mevcut Personel Sayısını Açıkladı". Aktif Haber. 2 January 2014. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  3. ^ "2019 Yili Faalİyet Raporu" [2019 Annual Report] (PDF) (in Turkish). Gendarmerie General Command. 2020-06-21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
  4. ^ "Strengthening the Civilian Oversight of Internal Security Forces Phase III". Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
  5. ^ "THE SHORT HISTORY OF THE GENDARMERIE GENERAL COMMAND". Jandarma.tsk.tr. Archived from the original on June 25, 2012. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
  6. ^ "Tarihçe". jandarma.gov.tr. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
  7. ^ "Syria–Turkey border | Turkish Jandarma shot child while working in farmland west of Idlib". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 2022-01-30. Retrieved 2022-09-17.
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  13. ^ "photo of csi unit".
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  48. ^ "Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri - TRMilitary". www.trmilitary.org. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
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  50. ^ a b c "Hava Araçlarımız". www.jandarma.gov.tr. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
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  58. ^ Rasim Anıl Kunt [@RasimAnilKunt] (July 21, 2017). "@TUSASTAI @tcsavunma Elazığ Jandarma İHA Birlik K.lığında hizmet veren ANKA İHA'lar.En sağda SARPER SAR/ISAR/GMTI ve ASELFLIR 300T ile ANKA-B dikkat çekiyor. https://t.co/5q5fzXbHPM" (Tweet) (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-06-27 – via Twitter.
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  60. ^ Marco Dijkshoorn [@Didyman] (March 4, 2020). "@air_intel TCJ18 might be a Jandarma Bayraktar (J-13 in the picture). Eignteen were delivered (6 x mar17, 6 x aug18, 6 x sep19) so it is very well possible. https://t.co/2w8umfzQmP" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 2021-06-27 – via Twitter.
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External links

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