Ginger Rogers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Ginger Rogers | |
 in The Thirteenth Guest (1932) |
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| Born | Virginia Katherine McMath July 16, 1911 Independence, Missouri, U.S. |
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| Died | April 25, 1995 (aged 83) Rancho Mirage, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actress, singer, dancer, artist |
| Years active | 1929–1994 |
| Spouse(s) | Jack Pepper (1929–1931) Lew Ayres (1934–1941) Jack Briggs (1943–1949) Jacques Bergerac (1953–1957) William Marshall (1961–1969) |
Ginger Rogers (July 16, 1911 – April 25, 1995) was an American film and stage actress, dancer and singer.
During her long career, she made a total of 73 films, and is noted for her role as Fred Astaire's romantic interest and dancing partner in a series of ten Hollywood musical films that revolutionized the genre. She also achieved success in a variety of film roles, and won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Kitty Foyle (1940).
She ranks #14 on the list of AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars.
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[edit] Early life
Rogers was born Virginia Katherine McMath in Independence, Missouri, the daughter of William Eddins McMath, of Scottish ancestry, and his wife Lela Emogene Owens (1891-1977), of Welsh ancestry. Her mother separated from Rogers' father soon after her birth, and mother and daughter went to live with Rogers's grandparents, Walter and Saphrona (née Ball) Owens, in nearby Kansas City. Rogers' parents fought over her custody, with her father even kidnapping her twice. After the parents divorced, Rogers stayed on with her grandparents while her mother wrote scripts for two years in Hollywood.
Ginger was to remain close to her grandfather (much later, when she was already a star in 1939, she bought him a home in Sherman Oaks, California (5115 Greenbush Ave) so that he could be close to her while she was filming at the studios).
Several of Rogers' cousins had a hard time pronouncing her first name, shortening it to "Ginya".
When Rogers was nine years old, her mother married John Logan Rogers. Ginger took the name of Rogers, although she was never legally adopted. They lived in Fort Worth, Texas. Her mother became a theater critic for a local newspaper, the Fort Worth Record.
As a teenager, Rogers thought of teaching school, but with her mother's interest in Hollywood and the theater, her young exposure to the theater increased. Waiting for her mother in the wings of the Majestic Theatre, she began to sing and dance along to the performers on stage.
[edit] Vaudeville
Rogers' entertainment career was born one night when the traveling vaudeville act of Eddie Foy came to Fort Worth and needed a quick stand-in. She entered and won a Charleston dance contest which allowed her to tour for six months, at one point in 1926 performing at an 18-month old theater called The Craterian in Medford, Oregon. This theater honored her many years later by changing its name to the Craterian Ginger Rogers Theater.[1]
At 17, Rogers married Jack Culpepper, a singer/dancer/comedian/recording artist of the day who worked under the name Jack Pepper (according to Ginger's autobiography, she knew Culpepper when she was child as her cousin's boyfriend). They formed a short-lived vaudeville double act known as "Ginger and Pepper". The marriage was over within months, and she went back to touring with her mother. When the tour got to New York City, she stayed, getting radio singing jobs and then her Broadway theater debut in a musical called Top Speed, which opened on Christmas Day, 1929.
[edit] Film career
[edit] 1929-1933
Rogers' first movie roles were in a trio of short films made in 1929—Night in the Dormitory, A Day of a Man of Affairs, and Campus Sweethearts.
Within two weeks of opening in Top Speed, Rogers was chosen to star on Broadway in Girl Crazy by George Gershwin and Ira Gershwin, the musical play widely considered to have made stars of both Ginger and Ethel Merman. Fred Astaire was hired to help the dancers with their choreography. Her appearance in Girl Crazy made her an overnight star at the age of 19. In 1930, she was signed by Paramount Pictures to a seven-year contract.
Rogers would soon get herself out of the Paramount contract—under which she had made films at Astoria Studios in Astoria, Queens—and move with her mother to Hollywood. When she got to California, she signed a three-picture deal with Pathé, which resulted in three forgettable pictures. She landed singing and dancing bit parts for most of 1932 and was named one of fifteen "WAMPAS Baby Stars". She then made her screen breakthrough in the Warner Brothers film 42nd Street (1933). She went on to make a series of films with RKO Radio Pictures and, in the second of those, Flying Down to Rio (1933), she worked with Dolores del Rio and again with Fred Astaire.
[edit] 1933-1939: Astaire and Rogers
Rogers was most famous for her partnership with Fred Astaire. Together, from 1933 to 1939, they made nine musical films at RKO Flying Down to Rio (1933), The Gay Divorcee (1934), Roberta (1935), Top Hat (1935), Follow the Fleet (1936), Swing Time (1936), Shall We Dance (1937), and Carefree (1938), The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle (1939) and a tenth The Barkleys of Broadway (1949) was made later at MGM, and in so doing, revolutionized the Hollywood musical, introducing dance routines of unprecedented elegance and virtuosity, set to songs specially composed for them by the greatest popular song composers of the day. To this day, "Fred and Ginger" remains an almost automatic reference for any successful dance partnership.
Croce, Hyam and Mueller all consider Rogers to have been Astaire's finest dance partner, principally due to her ability to combine dancing skills, natural beauty and exceptional abilities as a dramatic actress and comedienne, thus truly complementing Astaire: a peerless dancer who sometimes struggled as an actor and was not considered classically handsome. The resulting song and dance partnership enjoyed a unique credibility in the eyes of audiences, as bluntly expressed by Katharine Hepburn: "She gives him sex, he gives her class." Most of the films in which the two appeared had several very difficult numbers to be rehearsed dozens of times. Of the 33 partnered dances she performed with Astaire, Croce and Mueller have highlighted the infectious spontaneity of her performances in the comic numbers "I'll Be Hard to Handle" from Roberta (1935), "I'm Putting all My Eggs in One Basket" from Follow the Fleet (1936) and "Pick Yourself Up" from Swing Time (1936). They also point to the use Astaire made of her remarkably flexible back in classic romantic dances such as "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" from Roberta (1935), "Cheek to Cheek" from Top Hat (1935) and "Let's Face the Music and Dance" from Follow the Fleet (1936). For special praise, they have singled out her performance in the "Waltz in Swing Time" from Swing Time (1936), which is generally considered to be the most virtuostic partnered routine ever committed to film by Astaire. She generally avoided solo dance performances: Astaire always included at least one virtuoso solo routine in each film, while Rogers only performed one: "Let Yourself Go" from Follow the Fleet (1936).
Although the dance routines were choreographed by Astaire and his collaborator Hermes Pan, both have acknowledged Rogers' input and have also testified to her consummate professionalism, even during periods of intense strain, as she tried to juggle her many other contractual film commitments with the punishing rehearsal schedules of Astaire, who made at most two films in any one year. In 1986, shortly before his death, Astaire remarked: "All the girls I ever danced with thought they couldn't do it, but of course they could. So they always cried. All except Ginger. No no, Ginger never cried". John Mueller sums up Rogers' abilities as follows: "Rogers was outstanding among Astaire's partners not because she was superior to others as a dancer but because, as a skilled, intuitive actress, she was cagey enough to realize that acting did not stop when dancing began...the reason so many women have fantasized about dancing with Fred Astaire is that Ginger Rogers conveyed the impression that dancing with him is the most thrilling experience imaginable". According to Astaire, "Ginger had never danced with a partner before. She faked it an awful lot. She couldn't tap and she couldn't do this and that ... but Ginger had style and talent and improved as she went along. She got so that after a while everyone else who danced with me looked wrong."
Rogers also introduced some celebrated numbers from the Great American Songbook, songs such as Harry Warren and Al Dubin's "The Gold Diggers' Song (We're in the Money)" from Gold Diggers of 1933 (1933), "Music Makes Me" from Flying Down to Rio (1933), "The Continental" from The Gay Divorcee (1934), Irving Berlin's "Let Yourself Go" from Follow the Fleet (1936) and the Gershwins' "Embraceable You" from Girl Crazy and "They All Laughed (at Christopher Columbus)" from Shall We Dance (1937). Furthermore, in song duets with Astaire, she co-introduced Berlin's "I'm Putting all My Eggs in One Basket" from Follow the Fleet (1936), Jerome Kern's "Pick Yourself Up" and "A Fine Romance" from Swing Time (1936) and the Gershwins' "Let's Call the Whole Thing Off" from Shall We Dance (1937).
[edit] After 1939
After 15 months apart and with RKO facing bankruptcy, the studio hired Fred and Ginger for another movie called Carefree, but it lost money. Next came The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle, but the serious plot and tragic ending resulted in the worse box office receipts of any of their films. Everyone agreed it was time to stop.
In 1941, Ginger Rogers won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her starring role in 1940's Kitty Foyle. She enjoyed considerable success during the early 1940s, and was RKO's hottest property during this period. However, by the end of the decade, her film career was in decline. Arthur Freed reunited her with Fred Astaire for the last time in The Barkleys of Broadway (1949) which, while very successful, failed to revive Rogers' flagging career and commentators of the time were keen to remark, somewhat unkindly that the 1949 film highlighted how much the elfin girl of the 1930s had disappeared to be replaced by a robust framed, athletic woman.
She continued to obtain more minor film roles throughout the 1950s. Ginger Rogers starred in Monkey Business (1952) with Cary Grant, in the same year she also starred in We're Not Married! in both also featuring Marilyn Monroe. She then played Dolly Levi in Hello, Dolly! on Broadway in 1965. In 1956, Ginger Rogers was the debut act at the grand opening of Hotel Riviera in Havana, Cuba, dictator Fulgencio Batista's collaboration project with gangster Meyer Lansky.
In later life, Rogers remained on good terms with Astaire: she presented him with a special Academy Award in 1950, and they were co-presenters of individual Academy Awards in 1967. In 1969 she had the lead role in a production of Mame from the book by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee with music and lyrics by Jerry Herman at the Theatre Royal Drury Lane in the West End of London, arriving for the role on the Liner QE2 from New York, her docking heralded the maximum pomp and ceremony at Southampton. The production ran for 14 months and featured a Royal Command Performance for Queen Elizabeth the Second. The Kennedy Center honored Ginger Rogers in December 1992. This event, which was shown on television, was somewhat marred when Astaire's widow, Robyn Smith—who permitted clips of Astaire dancing with Rogers to be shown for free at the function itself—was unable to come to terms with CBS Television for broadcast rights to the clips.[2]
[edit] Personal life
Rogers was an only child and lived for much of her life with her mother, Lela Rogers (1891–1977), who was a newspaper reporter, scriptwriter, and movie producer. Lela was also one of the first women to enlist in the Marine Corps, and was a founder of the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals.
Rogers' mother "named names" to the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), and both mother and daughter were staunchly anti-Communist. They had an extremely close mother-daughter relationship — Rogers's mother even denied Rogers's father visitation rights after their divorce.
Rogers' first marriage was to her dancing partner Jack Pepper (real name Edward Jackson Culpepper) on March 29, 1929. They divorced in 1931, having separated soon after the wedding. She married again in 1934 to actor Lew Ayres (1908–1996). They separated quickly and were divorced seven years later.
In 1940, Rogers purchased a 1000-acre (4 km²) ranch in Jackson County, Oregon between the cities of Shady Cove and Eagle Point. The ranch, located along the Rogue River, supplied dairy products to nearby Camp White, a cantonment established for the duration of World War II. While not performing or working on other projects, she would live at the ranch with her mother.
In 1943, Rogers married her third husband, Jack Briggs, a Marine. They divorced in 1949. She married once again in 1953, a lawyer named Jacques Bergerac who was 16 years her junior. Bergerac became an actor and then a cosmetics company executive. They divorced in 1957 and he soon remarried actress Dorothy Malone. Her fifth and final husband was director and producer William Marshall. They married in 1961 and divorced in 1971.
Rogers was good friends with Lucille Ball — a distant cousin on Rogers' mother's side — for many years until Ball's death in 1989, at the age of 77. Ball did not seem to share Rogers' political views, but evidently still valued her friendship, as did Bette Davis, a Democrat who definitely did not share her views and called her a "moralist", but still professed to enjoy her company. Ginger Rogers appeared with Lucille Ball in an episode of Here's Lucy on November 22, 1971, where, with Lucie Arnaz, Rogers gave a demonstration of the Charleston, in the famous "high heels".
Rogers was a cousin of actress/writer/socialite Phyllis Fraser (whose acting career was brief), but was not Rita Hayworth's natural cousin as has been reported. Hayworth's maternal uncle, Vinton Hayworth, was married to Rogers' maternal aunt, Jean Owens.
In 1977, Rogers' mother died. Rogers remained at the 4-Rs (Rogers' Rogue River Ranch) until 1990, when she sold the property and moved to nearby Medford, Oregon. Her last public appearance was on March 18, 1995 when she received the Women's International Center (WIC) Living Legacy Award.[1]
Rogers would spend the winters in Rancho Mirage and the summers in Medford. She died in Rancho Mirage on April 25, 1995 of congestive heart failure at the age of 83. She was cremated; her ashes are interred in the Oakwood Memorial Park Cemetery in Chatsworth, California.
[edit] Portrayals of Rogers
No film portrayals have been made of Ginger Rogers, most likely because Fred Astaire stipulated in his will that no film representations of him were to ever be made. As Rogers' career history is inevitably linked to Astaire, it is unlikely an accurate portrayal could be made of her on film.
- No portrayal was made of her in The Aviator (2004), in spite of the fact that many of her fellow actresses who, like her, dated Howard Hughes, were portrayed. According to Rogers' autobiography Ginger: My Story, published in 1991, Hughes was very intent on marrying her and was persistent.
- Likenesses of Astaire and Rogers, apparently painted over from the Cheek to Cheek dance in Top Hat, are in the Lucy in the Skies section of the Beatles film Yellow Submarine (1968).
- Rogers' image is one of many famous woman's images, of the 1930s and 1940's, to feature on the bedroom wall in the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam, a gallery of magazine cuttings, pasted on to the wall and created by Anne and her sister Margot while hiding from the Nazis. When the house became a museum, the gallery the Frank sisters created was preserved under glass. Rogers' image is one of the larger and more prominent, which clearly indicates her global and mass appeal amongst the young of the time.
- A musical about the life of Rogers, entitled Backwards in High Heels, premiered in Florida in early 2007.[3][4]
[edit] Quotes
[edit] About Rogers
- "Ginger Rogers did everything Fred Astaire did, except backwards and in high heels."[5]
- "Fred gave Ginger class, and Ginger gave Fred sex." Katharine Hepburn, actress. Variants include "Astaire gave her class, and Rogers gave him sex" and "He gave her class, and she gave him sex appeal."
- "They both had class and sex was never the point." From Roger Ebert, film critic, in his review of "Swing Time", in a corrective response to Katherine Hepburn's famous quote.
- "She had guts." Fred Astaire's three-word description of Rogers from his autobiography Steps in Time.
- "The hardest working actress I ever knew." Fred Astaire's description of Rogers discipline, and willingness to work, from Steps in Time.
- "Ginger was brilliantly effective. She made everything work for her. Actually she made things very fine for both of us and she deserves most of the credit for our success." Fred Astaire to Raymond Rohauser, Film Curator of the New York Gallery of Modern Art, at the San Francisco Film Festival, in 1966. [6]
- "..."Believe me, Ginger was great. She contributed her full fifty percent in making them such a great team. She could follow Fred as if one brain was thinking. She blended with his every step and mood immaculately. He was able to do dances on screen that would have been impossible to risk if he hadn't had a partner like Ginger - as skillful as she was attractive." Edward Everett Horton to Dick Richards in [6]
[edit] Filmography
[edit] Features
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(*): performances with Fred Astaire
[edit] Short subjects
- A Day of a Man of Affairs (1929)
- A Night in a Dormitory (1930)
- Campus Sweethearts (1930)
- Office Blues (1930)
- Hollywood on Parade (1932)
- Screen Snapshots (1932)
- Hollywood on Parade No. A-9 (1933)
- Hollywood Newsreel (1934)
- Screen Snapshots Series 16, No. 3 (1936)
- Show Business at War (1943)
- Battle Stations (Narrator, 1944)
- Screen Snapshots: The Great Showman (1950)
- Screen Snapshots: Hollywood's Great Entertainers (1954)
[edit] Television
- The DuPont Show with June Allyson, as Kay Neilson in "The Tender Shoot" (October 18, 1959)
- What's My Line? (1954, 1957, 1963)
- Cinderella (1965)
- Glitter (1984) (pilot for series)
- "You Like Potato And I like Potato" duet with Raffaella Carrá (1985)
[edit] References
- ^ "Facility History". Craterian Ginger Rogers Theater. http://craterian.org/facility.html. Retrieved on 2009-04-19.
- ^ Wharton, Dennis (1992-12-18). "Astaire footage withheld from Honors". Variety (magazine). http://www.variety.com/article/VR102225?categoryid=13&cs=1. Retrieved on 2009-04-22.
- ^ Playbill News: Sold Out Florida Stage Run of Ginger Rogers Musical Gets Added Performances
- ^ Backwards in High Heels: The Ginger Musical
- ^ In a 1982 Frank and Ernest cartoon. Often incorrectly attributed to Faith Whittlesey, Ann Richards (who said it in a 1988 speech), or to Ms. Rogers herself, but the official Ginger Rogers website attributes it to Thaves. The quote is given in its more usual form, but it appeared in the comic as "Sure he was great, but don't forget that Ginger Rogers did everything he did, backwards... and in high heels."
- ^ a b Ginger - Salute to a Star, p. 162.
[edit] Bibliography
- Fred Astaire: Steps in Time, 1959, multiple reprints.
- Arlene Croce: The Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers Book, Galahad Books 1974, ISBN 0-88365-099-1
- Jocelyn Faris: Ginger Rogers - a Bio-Bibliography, Greenwood Press, Connecticut, 1994, ISBN 0-313-29177-2
- Hannah Hyam: Fred and Ginger - The Astaire-Rogers Partnership 1934-1938, Pen Press Publications, Brighton, 2007. ISBN 978-1-905621-96-5
- John Mueller: Astaire Dancing - The Musical Films of Fred Astaire, Knopf 1985, ISBN 0-394-51654-0
- Ginger Rogers: Ginger My Story, New York: Harper Collins, 1991
[edit] External links
- Ginger Rogers at the Internet Movie Database
- Ginger Rogers at the TCM Movie Database
- Ginger Rogers at the Internet Broadway Database
- Fred Astaire (1986 archive footage), The 100 Greatest Musicals, Channel 4 television, 2003
- Backwards in High Heels: The Ginger Musical
- Ginger Rogers biography from Reel Classics
- John Mueller's 1991 New York Times review of Ginger: My Story
- Ginger Rogers at Find a Grave
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