Jōtoku

964–968	Kōhō
968–970	Anna
970–973	Tenroku
973–976	Ten'en
976–978	Jōgen
978–983	Tengen
983–985	Eikan
985–987	Kanna
987–988	Eien
988–990	Eiso
990–995	Shōryaku
995–999	Chōtoku
999–1004	Chōhō
1004–1012	Kankō
1012–1017	Chōwa
1017–1021	Kannin
1021–1024	Jian
1024–1028	Manju
1028–1037	Chōgen
1037–1040	Chōryaku

806–810	Daidō
810–824	Kōnin
824–834	Tenchō
834–848	Jōwa
848–851	Kashō
851–854	Ninju
854–857	Saikō
857–859	Ten'an
859–877	Jōgan
877–885	Gangyō
885–889	Ninna
889–898	Kanpyō
898–901	Shōtai
901–923	Engi
923–931	Enchō
931–938	Jōhei
938–947	Tengyō
947–957	Tenryaku
957–961	Tentoku
961–964	Ōwa

645–650	Taika
650–654	Hakuchi
686–686	Shuchō
701–704	Taihō
704–708	Keiun
708–715	Wadō
Nara
715–717	Reiki
717–724	Yōrō
724–729	Jinki
729–749	Tenpyō
749	Tenpyō-kanpō
749–757	Tenpyō-shōhō
757–765	Tenpyō-hōji
765–767	Tenpyō-jingo
767–770	Jingo-keiun
770–781	Hōki
781–782	Ten'ō
782–806	Enryaku

Jōtoku (承徳) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō,, lit. "year name") after Eichō and before Kōwa. This period spanned the years from November 1097 through August 1099.^[1] The reigning emperor was Emperor Horikawa-tennō (嘉保天皇).^[2]

Change of Era

January 16, 1097 Jōtoku gannen (承徳元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Eichō 2, on the 21st day of the 11th month of 1097.^[3]

Events of the Jōtoku Era

1097 (Jōtoku 1, 1st month): The dainagon Minamoto no Tsunenobu died at age 82.^[4]
1097 (Jōtoku 1, 4th month): The emperor visited the temple at Gion.^[4]
1097 (Jōtoku 1, 10th month): The emperor visited the home of Kampaku, Fujiwara no Moromichi.^[4]

Notes

^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Jōtoku" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 434, p. 434, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 172–176; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 317–319; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 202.
^ Brown, p. 319.
^ ^a ^b ^c Titsingh, p. 176.

References

Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. 10-ISBN 0-520-03460-0; 13-ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 10-ISBN 0-674-01753-6; 13-ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
Varley, H. Paul. (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press. 10-ISBN 0231049404/13-ISBN 9780231049405; OCLC 6042764

External links

National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Jōtoku	1st	2nd	3rd
Gregorian	1097	1098	1099

Preceded by:
Eichō

Era or nengō:
Jōtoku

Succeeded by:
Kōwa

This article about a Japanese era name is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Jōtoku" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 434, p. 434, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.

[2] Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 172–176; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 317–319; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 202.

[3] Brown, p. 319.

[t176-4] Titsingh, p. 176.

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