National Youth Leadership Training

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National Youth Leadership Training
National Youth Leadership Training
Owner Boy Scouts of America
Country United States
Founded 2003
Scouting Scouting portal

National Youth Leadership Training (NYLT) is the current incarnation of youth leadership development training offered by the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). The program is conducted at the council level over a week or over two weekends. It is intended to provide standardized, in-depth training covering a number of leadership ideas and skills for Boy Scouts and Varsity Scouts.

NYLT has its origins in leadership development programs developed by the Boy Scouts of America in the 1960s. Up to this point, junior leaders training had been focused on Scoutcraft skills. Béla H. Bánáthy, Training Chairman of the Monterey Bay Area Council, California, founded the White Stag Leadership Development Program in 1958, and the National Boy Scout Council later adapted the leadership competencies he identified and developed into its junior leader training program. The national council's program has gone through a number of revisions since then, and the emphasis on and description of the leadership skills has evolved over the years.

Contents

[edit] Youth leadership training continuum

Youth leadership training is currently conducted at three levels, with a possible fourth under development:[1]

  • Troop Leadership Training (TLT) is unit level three-hour training session for all new Scout leaders. TLT is designed to introduce the Scout leader to leadership and give him the initial skills to be an effective leader.
  • National Youth Leadership Training (NYLT) is run at the council level as a week-long course, generally for the senior Scout leaders.
  • National Advanced Youth Leadership Experience (NAYLE) is the national level course, conducted at Philmont Training Center. It builds upon the skills learned in NYLT and expands on team building and ethical decision making skills.
  • Youth Staff Development Course is a program of the Northeast Region that trains youth staff members for council level NYLT courses. YSDC is in the development phase and will eventually be offered in each of the four regions.

[edit] Origins

NYLT is the most current incarnation of junior leader training program offered by the Boy Scouts of America. Its origins as a program that teaches leadership skills began on the Monterey Peninsula, California. Until the early 1960s, junior leader training focused primarily on Scoutcraft skills. Béla H. Bánáthy, a veteran of World War II and a Hungarian refugee, had been national director for youth leadership development for the Hungarian Boy Scout Association. In 1958 he was Training Chairman of the Monterey Bay Area Council and a Hungarian language instructor at the Army Language School on the Monterey Peninsula. That summer he organized an experimental patrol to teach boys leadership skills at the Monterey Bay Area Council's Pico Blanco Scout Reservation. Formally christened as the White Stag program in 1959, it gradually evolved into a three-phase, multi-year program.

Two members of the Council also served on the National Council: Fran Peterson of Chular, California, was a member of the BSA's National Engineering Service, and F. Maurice Tripp of Saratoga, California, was a research scientist and member of the National Boy Scout Training Committee. They encouraged the national staff to look at the White Stag program. In January 1964, the Monterey Bay Area Council's executive staff and board attended a meeting at Asilomar in Pacific Grove, California to assess the success of the a formal pilot-test held the previous summer. The purpose of the meeting organized by Tripp was to acquaint the national council leadership with the new design for junior leader training and to plan how to effectively incorporate the teaching of leadership skills within Scouting.[2]

The meeting was notable for the people it drew from across the United States. The positions of the individuals from the headquarters of the Boy Scouts of America included national BSA executives, volunteers, and board members. From the National Council, attendees were Ellsworth Augustus (National Council President), Marshall Monroe (Assistant National Scout Executive), Bill Lawrence (National Director of Volunteer Training), Herold C. Hunt (National Council Vice President and a Professor of Education at Harvard), Ken Wells (Director of Research Service), Jack Rhey (National Director of Professional Training), Bob Perin (National Training Representative), and Walt Whidden (Region 12 Executive).[2]

The local attendees also represented the top council leadership. Representatives from the Monterey Bay Area Council were Tom Moore (Monterey Bay Area Council Executive), Dale Hirt (President of the Monterey Bay Area Council), John Barr (Chairman of the Department of Education at San Jose State University), Joe St. Clair (Chairman, Hungarian Department at the Army Language School on the Presidio and Training Committee Chairman), Fran Peterson (member of the White Stag Advisory Board, Scoutmaster in Chular, California, and member of the National Council's Engineering Service), Ralph Herring (member of the White Stag Committee), Ferris Bagley (a retired businessman with an interest in leadership development), Béla Bánáthy (Director of White Stag and Director of the East Europe and Middle East Division of the Army Language School), Paul Hood (Research Scientist at U.S. Army's Human Resources Research Office), Judson Stull (a White Stag Committee member and local attorney), and F. Maurice Tripp (Chairman, White Stag Advisory Committee, and member of the National Boy Scout Committee.[2]

[edit] National Council approves study

The National Council was, according to Dr. John W. Larson, former Director of Boy Scout Leader Training for the National Council, "snowed by Bánáthy's language. They didn't get what he was talking about."[3] But one national board member did. Herold Hunt, a Professor of Education at Harvard, prevailed on the board to take a longer look. The BSA Research Service was tasked with conducting the necessary research. Larson, at the time a staff researcher for the National Council, traveled to California and observed the program's annual Indaba at the Presidio of Monterey later that year. Larson and Bob Perin traveled from New Jersey to California repeatedly. They conducted a thorough study, interviewing participants, parents, and leaders. They distributed questionnaires to program participants, reviewed the White Stag literature, and observed the program in action. They also conducted a statistical analysis of troops taking part in White Stag and compared them to non-participating units. In December 1965, Chief Scout Executive Joseph Brunton received the White Stag Report. It stated that offering leadership development to youth was a unique opportunity for Scouting to provide a practical benefit to youth and would add substantial support to Scouting's character development goals. It recommended that Wood Badge should be used to experiment with the leadership development principles of White Stag.[2]

There were a few on the National Staff who strongly resisted the change to how leaders and youth were trained, including "Green Bar Bill" Hillcourt, who was loyal to the idea of teaching purely Scoutcraft skills at Wood Badge. Despite the opposition, Chief Scout Joseph Brunton approved adapting the White Stag leadership competencies for nationwide use. Larson worked with Bánáthy and and Bob Perin, Assistant National Director, Volunteer Training Service, to adapt the White Stag leadership competencies and wrote the first syllabus for the adult Wood Badge program.[4] Shifting from teaching primarily Scoutcraft skills to leadership competencies was a paradigm shift, changing the assumptions, concepts, practices, and values underlying how adults were trained in the skills of Scouting.[5]

[edit] World Scouting publishes paper

The World Organization of the Scout Movement published the results of the Boy Scouts of America's research and testing of the White Stag approach to leadership development. Béla Bánáthy wrote a monograph Leadership Development: World Scouting Reference Paper No. 1, which he presented in 1969 to a meeting of the World Scout Conference in Helsinki, Finland.[6] He advocated leadership development by design in Scouting based on the leadership competencies of White Stag.

In 1968, Salvador Fernández Beltrán, Deputy Secretary of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, visited camp during the summer program at Pico Blanco Scout Reservation. Leaders of the Mexican Scout movement asked Bánáthy to guide them in the adaptation of the White Stag program concept. Bánáthy was appointed to the Interamerican Scout Committee and participated in three Interamerican Train the Trainer events in Mexico, Costa Rica, and Venezuela. He guided their national training teams in designing leadership development by design programs.

[edit] Junior leadership training mandated nationwide

In 1974, this new junior leader training program was implemented nationwide, marking the organization's shift from emphasizing Scoutcraft skills in training to teaching leadership skills, and giving credit to White Stag for its origins.[7] The Troop Leadership Development program incorporated for the first time eleven specific competencies of leadership. Junior leader training programs had until that time focused primarily on Scoutcraft skills. The eleven competencies were adapted from the White Stag Leadership Development Program.[8] According to the Boy Scout publication:

Back in the 1960's the armed forces of the United States became concerned about the quality of leadership among non-commissioned officers. Experiments were carried out in non-commissioned officer schools at Fort Hood in California.[9][Note 1] Several Scouters from the Monterey Bay Area Council learned of this program and designed a junior leadership training experience using some of the competencies or skills of leadership identified in this Army training, and it was known as the "White Stag" program.[10][11][Note 2]

The program was later renamed Troop Leader Training Conference and then Junior Leader Training Conference.[12] In reaction to other changes to Scouting, including advancement rules that no longer required Scouts to take a hike before obtaining the first class rank, the Boy Scouts introduced Brownsea Double-Two in 1976. This week-long course was a "back-to-basics" program for Senior Patrol Leaders that was "program- and action-oriented."[13]

The program incorporated for the first time eleven specific competencies of leadership. Prior junior leader training programs had focused primarily on Scoutcraft skills. The national JLT program extracted the leadership competencies from the White Stag program and did not adopt any of the other White Stag methods, including the spirit and traditions associated with the white stag of Hungarian mythology and changes to terminology used to refer to the leadership competencies.[2]

[edit] Modifications implemented

In 1979, the next iteration of junior leader training was introduced in the Troop Leader Training Conference. It was published "to eventually replace Troop Leader Development (#6544) and also provide the Scoutcraft skills experiences of Brownsea Double Two."[14] While the stated aim was to consolidate the two programs, many councils continued to put on both programs or used elements from the previous programs, producing inconsistency in how junior leader training was delivered nation-wide.[15]

In 1989 Pine Tree Camp, the Junior Leader Training Conference of the former Viking Council in Minneapolis, Minnesota served as the proving grounds for a redesign of the Junior Leader Training Conference, a week-long leadership development program sponsored by local Councils for the top youth leaders of Scout troops. The Pine Tree's Syllabus was adapted for national use in 1993.[16][17]

In early 1993 the National Boy Scouts of America continued to strive to improve the junior leader training program. It revised the Junior Leader Training Conference, adapting portions the St. Louis Area Council’s leadership program known as Junior Leader Training Camp, which focused on Scout skills. Some of the leadership competencies previously introduced in the 1974 Troop Leadership Development Staff Guide were completely rewritten, including Effective Teaching (formerly named Manager of Learning), Setting the Example, and to a lesser extent, Controlling the Group. A considerable amount of material was added to encourage what the syllabus called reflection. These suggested questions were intended to help the youth staff draw out responses from participants.[16]

The changes to Effective Teaching moved the focus from the learner to the teacher, contradicting Bánáthy's focus on the learner that he found so essential to his concept of youth leadership development[18]. Other changes were made to the competencies Setting the Example, Controlling the Group, and a number of new reflection activities were added. This syllabus was revised again in 1995.[19]

[edit] Program is updated for nationwide use

After successful regional pilot courses, NYLT was mandated to be used in place of all other JLT programs in the nation, effectively creating a standard of training that would be consistent around the country. The consistency is achieved by removing responsibility for presenting much of the core content from the youth, instead relying on projectors and computers to present PowerPoint slides and videos. Councils are allowed to use their traditional names for their junior leader training programs only if they include National Youth Leadership Training in the program name.[20]

The content contained in the Boy Scouts of America junior leader training program has evolved as the business world's models for leadership training have changed. In the 1960s, concepts of participatory leadership were evolving from trait-based leadership to Rensis Likert's System 4 leadership model and Blake and Moulton's Managerial grid model. The Boy Scout's junior leader training program similarly evolved, adapting comparable principles from the White Stag program in the late 1960s.[21]

Since then, the program has evolved to keep pace with changes to the adult Wood Badge program, which now emphasizes the stages of team development based on the principles described by Bruce Tuckman in 1965 as forming-storming-norming-performing.

The course was renamed using Youth in the title rather than Junior based on feedback from the youth themselves who prefer the term "youth" and Junior gave the feeling of not yet being a leader where Youth just described there age.[22]

[edit] Course contents modifed

Until 2004, the Junior Leader Training Conference Staff Guide continued to present modified versions of the eleven leadership competencies conceived of by Béla Bánáthy and still being presented by the White Stag program.[23]After Wood Badge was updated in 2003, parallel changes were subsequently implemented that affected junior leader training. A junior leadership training Task Force was assembled during 2003-04 and undertook revisions to that program to bring it closer in alignment to the Wood Badge program. Their efforts resulted in the National Youth Leadership Training program.

[edit] Organization

NYLT is run by youth leaders under adult supervision. Adults perform administrative services and ensure guidelines are met including health and safety.[24] The senior patrol leader (SPL) runs troop meetings and events, chairs meetings of the patrol leaders' council, delegates duties to other youth staff, assists the Scoutmaster, models the learning and leadership skills, and recruits participants.[24] Assistant senior patrol leaders assist the SPL, oversee audiovisual support, guide the service patrol, inspect campsites, and prepare a model campsite. Troop Guides coach each day's patrol leaders and present selected sessions and activities.[25]

Participants are organized as a standard Boy Scout troop. They are grouped into patrols of eight or so boys and elect their own patrol leader. A staff member is assigned to each patrol as a troop guide to coach and mentor the patrol leader.[26]

The NYLT program is conducted in a one week program, or it can be split over two weekends. NYLT courses are conducted at local council resident camps which provide the necessary facilities for a week-long course. Courses can range in size from 20 to 180 Scouts, generally forming one to four troops, with two to six patrols in each. The content learned at any NYLT course is outlined in the national syllabus. It stipulates that, "Each of the core sessions outlined in the syllabus must be presented, with no additional content sessions" and that "The core sessions must be taught in the order that is laid out in the syllabus and with in the six-day time frame."[27] Some councils nonetheless implement small variations in the material taught and may add in other events or special activities not required in the NYLT outline.[28]

[edit] Attendance requirements

NYLT is a one-time training experience. Boys who attend it must meet specific standards:[29]

  • Be First Class rank or higher.
  • Be the minimum age of 13 years old.

The manual strongly discourages allowing younger boys to attend the program because their physical and emotional immaturity would lessen the value they would receive from attending the program.[30] Some councils add other requirements:[31]

  • Be currently registered as a member of the Boy Scouts of America who has attended long-term Boy Scout camp for a minimum of two years
  • Be a member of a troop whose Scoutmaster has completed the adult Boy Scot Leader Basic Training Course.
  • Be a current or prospective youth leader recommended by his Scoutmaster.

The youth staff must be 14 years old and have held the position of patrol leader or senior patrol leader in their troop. Each year one-half of the youth staff should have no experience teaching JLT.[29]

[edit] Training activities

The program is designed to mirror the activities of a typical troop over one month, but compressed into a single week.[32] Training includes subjects like Communicating Well, Finding Your vision, Developing Your Team, and teaching skills described as "EDGE: Explain, Demonstrate, Guide, Enable." The Troop Guides are given suggested questions to ask, preparing the participants to watch a DVD that teaches the actual core of the content.[25] The DVD content is complimented by information in the syllabus that the youth staff may use. The presentation is followed by brief exercises that give participants a chance to practice the skills. For example, after the communications session, the boys are invited to recite the alphabet using the skills they just learned.[33]

[edit] Standardization

The new manual emphasizes that it is national program and strongly discourages any variation from the minute-by-minute agenda. Local councils are instructed to be sure that the training, information, and skills taught in their local presentation of the National Youth Leadership Training course comply with the NYLT syllabus. While they are permitted to use a local name for the course, as has been the tradition in many councils, they must be sure that the full name National Youth Leadership Training is also used within the course name. If individual volunteers within a council are resistant to teach the course as prescribed in the manual, the syllabus suggests that the reluctant volunteers be thanked for their past contributions and be given other volunteer responsibilities. Councils are also permitted to add local traditions, but may not alter either the content of the presentations nor the order in which they are presented.[32]

[edit] Key course concepts

The key course concepts are represented in the staff guide as a set of eleven mnemonics, or easy-to-remember phrases. These include:[29]

  • Vision—Goals—Planning: Creating a positive future success
  • SMART goals: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Timely
  • Planning and Problem-solving Tool: What, Who, When, Who
  • Assessment Tool: SSC – Start, Stop, Continue
  • Teaching EDGE: Explain, Demonstrate, Guide, Enable
  • Stages of Team Development: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing
  • Leading EDGE: Explain, Demonstrate, Guide, Enable
  • Conflict Resolution Tool: EAR – Express, Address, Resolve
  • Making Ethical Decisions: Right vs. Wrong, Right vs. Right, Trivial
  • Communication: MaSeR – Message, Sender, Receiver
  • Valuing People: ROPE – Reach Out, Organize, Practice, Experience

The majority of the content is communicated using a DVD, and a computer, DVD player, or video projector is necessary to present the content. The manual summarizes and supplements the information on the DVD with additional suggested content, discussion points, and questions and answers. The Troop Guide is p the course content includes a variety of activities intended to allow participants to practice the leadership skills. For example, on Day 3 there is a series of round-robin games and events that encourage team work, planning, and problem-solving. The youth staff are expected to attend three planning weekends. They are not required to have completed NYLT beforehand. The objectives for staff development include setting the tone of the course, prepare the staff to conduct the course, give them an "understanding of team and personal development," practice modeling the key concepts, and fun.

[edit] Program controversy

Some Scout leaders have found the requirement to use computers, DVD players, and possibly video projectors and screens, and sometimes battery-based power sources within a Scout camp environment as an impediment to conducting a successful program.[34] Most Scout camps only have power available in a few central locations, sometimes forcing the program to be presented indoors. The electronic equipment sometimes also requires the presentations to be made to the entire troop, unless duplicate equipment is available, contravening the use of the Patrol Method intrinsic to Scouting.[17] The change from teaching specific competencies of leadership to leadership concepts from industry has also lessened some Scout leaders interest in the program, while some have expressed concern video presentations are not a good way to keep participants engaged.[35] While the NYLT program was changed to more closely align with the current Wood Badge program, some feel that the adult leaders and the youth have different needs and the youth may not be able to relate to the more abstract concepts of the newer NYLT program.[36][17] In contrast, the White Stag Leadership Development Program, the model on which the Boy Scouts of America's junior leader training program was based in the 1970s, has continued to teach specific competencies of leadership in a hands-on environment fully utilizing the Patrol Method.[37]

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Fort Hood is in Texas, not California. The U.S. Army research project into leadership by Non-commissioned officers was conducted at Fort Ord, California.
  2. ^ The U.S. Army research project into leadership skills used by non-commissioned officers, named TaskNCO, was managed by the Human Resources Research Organization at the Presidio of Monterey on the Monterey Peninsula, California. Béla Bánáthy taught Hungarian at the Army Language School at the Presidio. He learned of TaskNCO research program in 1959, the second year of the White Stag program, and was invited to collaborate by its lead investigator Dr. Paul Hood.

[edit] References

  1. ^ "The Youth Leadership Training Continuum: A Guide for Scout Leaders and Parents". Supplemental Training Modules. Boy Scouts of America. http://www.scouting.org/boyscouts/supplemental/18-632/index.html. Retrieved 2008-01-05. 
  2. ^ a b c d e St. Clair, Joe; Béla Bánáthy and Brian Phelps (1996). "A History of the White Stag Leadership Development Program". http://www.pinetreeweb.com/staghist.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-03. 
  3. ^ St. Clair, Joe; Béla Bánáthy and Brian Phelps. "White Stag History Since 1933". Carmel, CA: White Stag Leadership Development Academy. http://www.whitestag.org/history/history.html. Retrieved 2009-11-06. 
  4. ^ Three Fires Council (2007-03-04). "History of Wood Badge Training in the Three Fires Council". http://www.threefirescouncil.org/Training/WB/tfc_wb_history.html. Retrieved 2008-08-01. 
  5. ^ Orans, Lew (1997-04-12). "Historical Background of Leadership Development: Troop Leader Development, 1974". http://pinetreeweb.com/TLD-1974.htm. Retrieved 2008-07-22. 
  6. ^ Béla H. Bánáthy (May 1969). "Leadership Development - World Scouting Reference Papers, No. 1.". Boy Scouts World Bureau. http://pinetreeweb.com/learning.htm. Retrieved 2008-07-05. 
  7. ^ Troop Leadership Development Staff Guide. North Brunswick, New Jersey: Boy Scouts of America. 1974. 
  8. ^ "Historical Background of Leadership Development:Troop Leader Development". New Brunswick, New Jersey. 1997-04-12. http://www.pinetreeweb.com/TLD-1974.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-03. 
  9. ^ Paul D. Hood (1963). Leadership Climate for Trainee Leaders: The Army AIT Platoon. Human Resources Research Office, George Washington University, Alexandria, Virginia. http://www.stormingmedia.us/26/2698/0269826.html. 
  10. ^ Troop Leader Development Staff Guide (#6544). Boy Scouts of America. 1974. pp. 91–92. 
  11. ^ "White Stag History Since 1933". http://www.whitestag.org/history/history.html#2656. Retrieved 2008-09-30. 
  12. ^ A History of Wood Badge in the United States. Boy Scouts of America. 1990. 
  13. ^ "Historical Background of Leadership Development: Brownsea Double-Two, 1976". 1997-07-25. http://www.pinetreeweb.com/brownsea.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-03. 
  14. ^ Troop Leader Training Conference Staff Guide. Boy Scouts of America. 1979. 
  15. ^ "Brownsea II Leadership Training Program" (PDF). Irving, Texas: Boy Scouts of America. http://yccbsa.org/Training/Brownsea22_08.pdf. Retrieved 2008-09-03. 
  16. ^ a b Orans, Lew (2008-04-02). "The Pine Tree Web". http://www.pinetreeweb.com/ptc-eval.htm#pinetree. Retrieved 2008-09-03. 
  17. ^ a b c "JLT and Woodbadge Observations". July 3, 2002. http://web.archive.org/web/20050110092307/www.jltbsa.org/dcforum/DCForumID22/4.html. Retrieved 2008-07-30. 
  18. ^ Clark, Donald (May 26, 2004). "Bela Banathy—Instructional Systems—1968". http://www.nwlink.com/~Donclark/history_isd/banathy.html. Retrieved 2009-11-06. 
  19. ^ Orans, Lew (1997-04-12). "Some Comments on the 1995 Revisions Junior Leader Training Conference Staff Guide". http://www.pinetreeweb.com/jltc1995.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-03. 
  20. ^ National Youth Leadership Training Staff Guide. Boy Scouts of America. 2004. Staff Guide-5. 
  21. ^ Orans, Lew. "Historical Background of Leadership Development". Pinetree Web. http://pinetreeweb.com/TLD-1974.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-04. 
  22. ^ National Youth Leadership Training Staff Guide. Boy Scouts of America. 2004. Staff Guide-1. 
  23. ^ Junior Leader Training Conference Staff Guide (#34533A). New Brunswick, New Jersey: Boy Scouts of America. 1995-2003. ISBN 0-8395-4533-9. 
  24. ^ a b National Youth Leadership Training. 34490. Irving, Texas: Boy Scouts of America. 2004. Staff Guide-13. ISBN 0839544901. http://www.bacarrowhead.org/training/NationalYouthLeadershipTraining.pdf. Retrieved 11-5-2009. 
  25. ^ a b National Youth Leadership Training. 34490. Irving, Texas: Boy Scouts of America. 2004. Day One-15. ISBN 0839544901. http://www.bacarrowhead.org/training/NationalYouthLeadershipTraining.pdf. Retrieved 11-5-2009. 
  26. ^ National Youth Leadership Training. 34490. Irving, Texas: Boy Scouts of America. 2004. Day One-4. ISBN 0839544901. http://www.bacarrowhead.org/training/NationalYouthLeadershipTraining.pdf. Retrieved 11-5-2009. 
  27. ^ National Youth Leadership Training. 34490. Irving, Texas: Boy Scouts of America. 2004. Staff Guide-15. ISBN 0839544901. http://www.bacarrowhead.org/training/NationalYouthLeadershipTraining.pdf. Retrieved 11-5-2009. 
  28. ^ "National Youth Leadership Training (NYLT)". Occoneechee Council, Boy Scouts of America. 2008. http://www.ocscouts.org/council/training/NYLT.html. Retrieved 2009-11-06. 
  29. ^ a b c National Youth Leadership Training. 34490. Irving, Texas: Boy Scouts of America. 2004. ISBN 0839544901. http://www.bacarrowhead.org/training/NationalYouthLeadershipTraining.pdf. Retrieved 11-5-2009. 
  30. ^ "NYLT Fact Sheet" (PDF). Monmouth Council, Boy Scouts of America. June 6, 2008. http://www.bsa-dpvc.org/boy_scouting/080615_NYLTFact.pdf. Retrieved 2009-11-08. 
  31. ^ "National Youth Leadership Training". St. Louis, MO: Greater St. Louis Area Council, Boy Scouts of America. 2009. http://www.stlbsa.org/Training/JLTC/?WBCMODE=PresenJoinUsDetails. Retrieved 2009-11-06. 
  32. ^ a b National Youth Leadership Training. 34490. Irving, Texas: Boy Scouts of America. 2004. Staff Guide-2. ISBN 0839544901. http://www.bacarrowhead.org/training/NationalYouthLeadershipTraining.pdf. Retrieved 11-5-2009. 
  33. ^ National Youth Leadership Training. 34490. Irving, Texas: Boy Scouts of America. 2004. Day One-18. ISBN 0839544901. http://www.bacarrowhead.org/training/NationalYouthLeadershipTraining.pdf. Retrieved 11-5-2009. 
  34. ^ "Description of NYLT". http://www.rvw-nylt.org-a.googlepages.com/description. Retrieved 2009-11-01. 
  35. ^ "New JLT and new WB". July 3, 2002. http://web.archive.org/web/20050110092307/www.jltbsa.org/dcforum/DCForumID22/5.html. Retrieved 2008-07-30. 
  36. ^ "Where is the focus?". August 6, 2002. http://web.archive.org/web/20040821151152/www.jltbsa.org/dcforum/DCForumID22/11.html. Retrieved 2008-07-30. 
  37. ^ "Creating the Patrol Method". June 26, 2002. http://www.whitestag.org/patrol_method/index.html. Retrieved 2008-07-30. 

[edit] See also

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