San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station

San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station
Location of San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station in California
Country	United States
Location	San Diego County, California
Coordinates	33°22′8″N 117°33′18″W
Status	Operational
Commission date	Unit 1: January 1, 1968 Unit 2: August 8, 1983 Unit 3: April 1, 1984
Licence expiration	Unit 2: February 16, 2022 Unit 3: November 15, 2022
Decommission date	Unit 1: November 30, 1992
Operator(s)	Southern California Edison
Architect(s)	Bechtel Power Corporation, a subsidiary of Bechtel[citation needed]
Reactor information
Reactors operational	1 x 1172 MW 1 x 1178 MW
Reactor type(s)	pressurized water reactor
Reactor supplier(s)	Westinghouse (Unit 1) Combustion Engineering (Units 2 & 3)
Power generation information
Annual generation	17,204 GW·h
Website www.sce.com/.../SanOnofreNuclearGeneratingStation/
As of 2008-11-25

The San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) is a nuclear power plant located on the Pacific coast of California. The 84-acre (34 ha) site is in the northwestern corner of San Diego County, south of San Clemente, and surrounded by the San Onofre State Park and next to the I-5 Highway.

Unit 1 is no longer in service and has been dismantled. It is being used as a storage site for spent fuel. It had a spherical containment of concrete and steel with the smallest wall being 6 feet (1.8 m) thick. This reactor was a first generation Westinghouse pressurized water reactor that operated for 25 years, closing permanently in 1992. Units 2 and 3, Combustion Engineering pressurized water reactors, continue to operate and generate 1,172 MWe and 1,178 MWe respectively.

The July 12, 1982 edition of Time (magazine) states, "The firm Bechtel was further embarrassed in 1977, when it installed a 420-ton nuclear-reactor vessel backwards" at San Onofre.

The plant is operated by Southern California Edison. Edison International, parent of SCE, holds 78.2% ownership in the plant; San Diego Gas & Electric Company, 20%; and the City of Riverside Utilities Department, 1.8%. The plant employs over 2000 people.

The plant is located in Nuclear Regulatory Commission Region IV.

Surrounding population

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission defines two emergency planning zones around nuclear power plants: a plume exposure pathway zone with a radius of 10 miles (16 km), concerned primarily with exposure to, and inhalation of, airborne radioactive contamination, and an ingestion pathway zone of about 50 miles (80 km), concerned primarily with ingestion of food and liquid contaminated by radioactivity.

The 2010 U.S. population within 10 miles (16 km) of San Onofre was 92,687, an increase of 50.0 percent in a decade, according to an analysis of U.S. Census data for msnbc.com. The 2010 U.S. population within 50 miles (80 km) was 8,460,508, an increase of 14.9 percent since 2000. Cities within 50 miles include San Diego (45 miles to city center).

Environmental mitigation

Strong, spherical containment buildings around the reactors are designed to prevent unexpected releases of radiation. The closest tectonic fault line is the Cristianitos fault, which is considered inactive. Southern California Edison states the station was "built to withstand a 7.0 magnitude earthquake directly under the plant".

Unlike many pressurized water reactors, but like some other seaside facilities in Southern California, the San Onofre plant uses seawater for cooling, and thus lacks the iconic large cooling towers typically associated with nuclear generating stations. However, changes to water-use regulations may require construction of such cooling towers in the future to avoid further direct use of seawater. Limited available land next to the reactor would likely require the towers to be built on the opposite side of the Interstate 5 highway.

Seismic risk

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's estimate of the risk each year of an earthquake intense enough to cause core damage to the reactor at San Onofre was 1 in 58,824, according to an NRC study published in August 2010.

In popular culture

In the James W. Huston book, Fallout, Pakistani Air Force Pilots attempt to bomb San Onofre using stolen California Air National Guard F-16s. In the James Bond book License Renewed by John Gardner, it was one of six nuclear power stations in the terrorist/blackmail plot "Meltdown" planned by The Laird of Murcaldy, Anton Murik. In the science fiction novel Timescape, by Gregory Benford, the nuclear plants at San Onofre raised the water temperature along the adjacent coast, which stimulated aquatic life.

The generating station was also featured in the 1983 film Koyaanisqatsi and the 1988 film The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!.

In the 2011 TV series The Event, the fuel rods were removed and transported from San Onofre Nuclear Generation Station to thwart the aliens' plan to steal the uranium to build their specialized transport array. The transport array was utilized to transport the citizens from their own planet to Earth.

See also

• Diablo Canyon Power Plant
• Anti-nuclear movement in California

External links

• "NRC: San Onofre - Unit 1". Nuclear Regulatory Commission. February 7, 2011. http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/decommissioning/power-reactor/san-onofre-unit-1.html. Retrieved 2011-03-17. 
• "San Onofre 2 Pressurized Water Reactor". Operating Nuclear Power Reactors. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). February 14, 2008. http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/sano2.html. Retrieved 2008-11-25. 
• "San Onofre 3 Pressurized Water Reactor". Operating Nuclear Power Reactors. NRC. February 14, 2008. http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/sano3.html. Retrieved 2008-11-25. 
• "San Onofre Power Plant Emergency". Operating Nuclear Power Reactors. NRC. November 2, 2011. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/01/san-onofre-power-plant-emergency_n_1070492.html. Retrieved 2011-11-2. 
• SCE SONGS webpage
• Edison SONGS webpage
• Why Domes at San Onofre from North County Times
• So. Calif. nuclear plant worker faked fire checks
• Decommission San Onofre Fukushima USA