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{{short description|Chinese video surveillance equipment company}}
{{short description|Chinese video surveillance equipment company}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
| name = Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
| logo = Hikvision logo.svg
| logo = Hikvision logo.svg
| image = HikvisionHangzhou.jpg
| image = HikvisionHangzhou.jpg
| image_size =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| foundation = {{start date and age|2001}}<ref name=":1">{{cite web
| foundation = {{start date and age|2001}}<ref name=":1">{{cite web
|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/002415:CH|title=Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co Ltd|publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref>
|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/002415:CH|title=Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co Ltd|publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref>
| image_caption = Hikvision headquarters in [[Hangzhou, Zhejiang]]
| image_caption = Hikvision headquarters in [[Hangzhou, Zhejiang]]
| type = Public company<br>[[State-owned enterprise]]
| type = Public company<br>[[State-owned enterprise]]
| traded_as = {{SZSE|002415}}
| traded_as = {{SZSE|002415}}
| founder = {{ubl|HIK Information Technology|[[Gong Hongjia]]}}
| founder = {{ubl|HIK Information Technology|[[Gong Hongjia]]}}
| area_served = Worldwide
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{aligned table|Gong Hongjia|(vice-chairman)|Chen&nbsp;Zongnian|(chairman)|Hu&nbsp;Yangzhong|(director)}}
| key_people = {{aligned table|Gong Hongjia|(vice-chairman)|Chen&nbsp;Zongnian|(chairman)|Hu&nbsp;Yangzhong|(director)}}
| industry = [[Video surveillance]]
| industry = [[Video surveillance]]
| products = Cctv and network surveillance systems
| products = Cctv and network surveillance systems
| brands = Hiksemi(HikStorage), Ezviz, Hilook, Hiwatch.
| brands = Hiksemi(HikStorage), Ezviz, Hilook, Hiwatch.
| revenue = {{increase}} {{CNY|link=yes|81.42 billion}}<ref name=ar2021>{{cite web|url=https://geartape.com/hikvision-annual-reports-financial-statements/|title=Hikvision – Annual Reports & Financial Statements|publisher=Geartape}}</ref>
| revenue = {{increase}} {{CNY|link=yes|41.905&nbsp;[[1,000,000,000|billion]]}}
| revenue_year = 2017
| revenue_year = 2021
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{CNY|10.443&nbsp;billion}}
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{CNY|19.18 billion}}<ref name=ar2021/>
| income_year = 2017
| income_year = 2021
| net_income = {{increase}} {{CNY|{{0}}9.411&nbsp;billion}}
| net_income = {{increase}} {{CNY|16.80 billion}}<ref name=ar2021/>
| net_income_year = 2017
| net_income_year = 2021
| assets = {{increase}} {{CNY|51.571&nbsp;billion}}
| assets = {{increase}} {{CNY|103.86 billion}} <ref name=ar2021/>
| assets_year = 2017
| assets_year = 2021
| equity = {{increase}} {{CNY|30.358&nbsp;billion}}
| equity = {{increase}} {{CNY|65.39 billion}}<ref name=ar2021/>
| equity_year = 2017
| equity_year = 2021
| owner = {{aligned table|{{nowrap|Chinese Central Government}}<br />(via [[China Electronics Technology Group#Subsidiaries|China Electronics Technology HIK Group Co., Ltd.]])|(38.88%)<ref name=":2">{{cite web
| owner = {{aligned table|{{nowrap|Chinese Central Government}}<br />(via [[China Electronics Technology Group#Subsidiaries|China Electronics Technology HIK Group Co., Ltd.]])|(38.88%)<ref name=":2">{{cite web
|url=http://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2021-04-17/1209712177.PDF|title=Hikvision 2021 Quarter 1 Report January to March 2021|website=巨潮资讯网 |publisher=HANGZHOU HIKVISION DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.|date=17 April 2021 |access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref>
|url=http://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2021-04-17/1209712177.PDF|title=Hikvision 2021 Quarter 1 Report January to March 2021|website=巨潮资讯网 |publisher=HANGZHOU HIKVISION DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.|date=17 April 2021 |access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref>
|Gong Hongjia|(10.30%)<ref name=":2"/>
|Gong Hongjia|(10.30%)<ref name=":2"/>
|Xinjiang Weixun Investment Management Limited Partnership|(4.82%)<ref name=":2"/>}}
|Xinjiang Weixun Investment Management Limited Partnership|(4.82%)<ref name=":2"/>}}
| num_employees = 42,685<ref name=":1"/>
| num_employees = 42,685<ref name=":1"/>
| num_employees_year = 2021
| num_employees_year = 2021
| parent = {{aligned table|CET HIK Group|(direct)|[[China Electronics Technology Group]]|(indirect)|[[State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission|SASAC]]|(ultimate)}}
| parent = {{aligned table|CET HIK Group|(direct)|[[China Electronics Technology Group]]|(indirect)|[[State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission|SASAC]]|(ultimate)}}
| subsid =
| subsid =
| footnotes = in a consolidated basis (net assets and net profit excluding minority interests); in Chinese Accounting Standards<ref name=Hikvision2017AR/>
| footnotes = in a consolidated basis (net assets and net profit excluding minority interests); in Chinese Accounting Standards<ref name=Hikvision2017AR/>
| location = [[Hangzhou, Zhejiang]], China
| location = [[Hangzhou, Zhejiang]], China
| module = {{Chinese |child = yes
| module = {{Chinese |child = yes
|s=杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司
|s=杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司
|t=杭州海康威視數字技術股份有限公司
|t=杭州海康威視數字技術股份有限公司

Revision as of 18:24, 4 August 2022

Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
Company typePublic company
State-owned enterprise
SZSE: 002415
IndustryVideo surveillance
Founded2001; 23 years ago (2001)[1]
Founder
HeadquartersHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Gong Hongjia(vice-chairman)
Chen Zongnian(chairman)
Hu Yangzhong(director)
ProductsCctv and network surveillance systems
BrandsHiksemi(HikStorage), Ezviz, Hilook, Hiwatch.
RevenueIncrease CN¥81.42 billion[2] (2021)
Increase CN¥19.18 billion[2] (2021)
Increase CN¥16.80 billion[2] (2021)
Total assetsIncrease CN¥103.86 billion [2] (2021)
Total equityIncrease CN¥65.39 billion[2] (2021)
Owner
Chinese Central Government
(via China Electronics Technology HIK Group Co., Ltd.)		(38.88%)[3]
Gong Hongjia(10.30%)[3]
Xinjiang Weixun Investment Management Limited Partnership(4.82%)[3]
Number of employees
42,685[1] (2021)
Parent
CET HIK Group(direct)
China Electronics Technology Group(indirect)
SASAC(ultimate)
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司
Traditional Chinese杭州海康威視數字技術股份有限公司
Literal meaningHangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology. Company Limited by Shares
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinHángzhōu Hǎikāng Wēishì Shùzì Jìshù Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese海康威视
Traditional Chinese海康威視
Literal meaningHIK–vision[note 1]
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinHǎikāng Wēishì
Footnotes / references
in a consolidated basis (net assets and net profit excluding minority interests); in Chinese Accounting Standards[4]

Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd., often shortened to Hikvision, is a Chinese state-owned[5] manufacturer and supplier of video surveillance equipment for civilian and military purposes, headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang.[6][7] Its controlling shares are owned by the Chinese government.[4][5] Due to its involvement in alleged human rights violation and national security concerns, the company has been placed under sanctions from the U.S. government and is prevented from receiving U.S. government contracts.[8][9]

History

Hikvision was founded in 2001 by Zhejiang HIK Information Technology Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 浙江海康信息技术股份有限公司) with the company having a 51% stake and Gong Hongjia (龚虹嘉) a 49% stake at that time.

Hikvision is an IoT solution provider with video surveillance market as its core competency.[10] It devotes 8% of its annual revenue to research and development [citation needed] with 40,403 employees.[11]

Hikvision has been listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange since 2010. The company provides surveillance products to the global market.

In October 2016, the company concluded a deal to use Movidius' computer vision technology.[12]

In May 2017, Hikvision established Hikstorage, a subsidiary focused on the production of storage devices.[13]

In January 2021, the company won a US$33 million, 1,900-camera smart city project in Shanghe County, Shandong that includes cameras with facial recognition and license plate recognition technologies.[14]

In 2021, Best Buy, Home Depot, and Lowe's stopped selling cameras from Hikvision brand Ezviz due to concerns about Hikvision's complicity in surveillance and human rights violations in Xinjiang.[15]

In 2022, Hikvision was awarded a Chinese government contract to develop software to track "key people" in order to prevent them from entering Beijing.[16][17]

U.S. investment prohibition

In November 2020, U.S. President Donald Trump issued an executive order prohibiting any American company or individual from owning shares in companies that the United States Department of Defense has listed as having links to the People's Liberation Army, which included Hikvision.[18][19][9] In December 2020, Hikvision was removed from FTSE Russell.[20]

On 12 January 2021, the Joe Biden inaugural committee returned a $500 donation to former U.S. Senator Barbara Boxer (D-CA) after she registered as a foreign agent for Hikvision.[21]

In March 2021, the Federal Communications Commission declared that Hikvision services and equipment "pose an unacceptable risk to U.S. national security."[22]

Market

In June 2019, Hikvision was ranked 800th in the 2019 edition of Forbes Global 2000.[23] As of 16 November 2016, Hikvision was also a constituent of the SZSE 100 Index, a blue chip index of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange,[24] as well as the pan-China indexes CSI 300 Index, FTSE China A50 Index and Hang Seng China 50 Index.

Ownership

As of 31 December 2017 Hikvision was owned by China Electronics Technology HIK Group Co., Ltd. (HIK Group, 中电海康集团有限公司), a wholly owned subsidiary of China Electronics Technology Group, which has a 39.59% stake.[4]: 82  China Electronics Technology Group is a state-run enterprise that is owned and supervised by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council. China Electronics Technology Group holds an additional 1.96% stake of Hikvision via its 52nd research institute (中国电子科技集团公司第五十二研究所).[4]: 82  The Chairman of Hikvision, Chen Zongnian (陈宗年), is also the chairman and the Party Committee Secretary of HIK Group, and Head of the aforementioned research institute.[4]: 92 

As of November 2019 the firm's largest individual shareholder was vice-chairman Gong Hongjia with a 13% stake.[25] As of 12 2019 Fidelity International was also a major investor in Hikvision.[26]

In 2017, the third largest shareholder was a private equity fund (新疆威讯投资管理有限合伙企业; Xīnjiāng Wēixùn) which had a 7% stake,[4]: 82  which is associated with then Hikvision general manager Hu Yangzhong.[4]: 82  According to previous filing, "Xinjian Weixun" was also associated with Liu Xiang (刘翔),[27]: 57  former director (from 2015 to March 2018) and former deputy general manager of Hikvision, then deputy general manager of HIK Group, chairman of sister listed company Phenix Optical.[4]: 92 

In 2017, the fourth largest shareholder was another private equity fund (新普康投资有限合伙企业) which had a 2% stake.[4]: 92  The fund was partly owned by Gong's wife Chen Chunmei (陈春梅) and aforementioned Hu Yangzhong.[4]: 83  Hu Yangzhong also owned an additional 1.33% stake personally.[4]: 82  To sum up, those shareholders owned a combined 65.71% stake. Lastly, Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company owned 9.77%,[4]: 82  which was the nominees of the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect and Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect.

In 2021, IPVM alleged that Hikvision was created and controlled by the Chinese government.[5][28]

Ezviz office in Hangzhou

Alleged attempts to conceal government ownership

In 2015, IPVM criticized Hikvision for allegedly obscuring its Chinese government ownership.[29] Jeffrey He, president of Hikvision North America, had criticized the online blogger site for allegedly seeking financial gain.[30]

Alan West, in a 2016 interview published by The Times (and re-published by The Australian), suggested that Hikvision's ownership raised ethical and security concerns when it came to the usage of Hikvision's products by the British government.[6]

Controversies

Cybersecurity vulnerabilities

In May 2017, seven series of Hikvision cameras were affected by an improper authentication vulnerability which, if exploited, could allow "a malicious attacker [to] escalat[e] his or her privileges or assum[e] the identity of an authenticated user and [obtain] sensitive data," according to the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency.[31]

In May 2021, Italian public broadcaster RAI reported that Hikvision cameras automatically "opened communication channels with addresses registered in China" once connected to the internet.[32] Hikvision declined to comment on the RAI investigation.[32]

In September 2021, Hikvision announced a command injection vulnerability with the CVE-ID CVE-2021-36260.[33] Forbes reported that the vulnerability, which has a CVSS base score of 9.8 out of 10, left dozens of Hikvision camera models "susceptible to remote hijacking" without requiring a username or password.[34]

In 2022, Axios reported that Hikvision had hired FTI Consulting to conduct cybersecurity audits of its products.[35]

Involvement in Xinjiang internment camps

In January 2019, the U.S. government began considering whether it should sanction Hikvision, which American government officials described as having "provided thousands of cameras that monitor mosques, schools, and concentration camps in Xinjiang."[36][37]

The U.S. government banned Hikvision from receiving federal government contracts in August 2019 due to security concerns.[38][39][40] In October 2019, Hikvision was formally placed on the Entity List by the U.S. government for its role in surveillance of Uyghurs in Xinjiang and of other ethnic and religious minorities in China.[8][41] Hikvision expressed its opposition to the U.S decision and stated that they believe the decision had no factual basis. They urged the U.S. government to re-examine its decision.[42]

In response to the bans and sanctions, Hikvision has hired former U.S. ambassador Pierre-Richard Prosper "to advise the company regarding human rights compliance"[43] as well as numerous lobbyists, including former U.S. senators David Vitter[44][45] and Barbara Boxer, former U.S. congressman Toby Moffett, and a former senior OFAC official.[46]

In April 2021, the European Parliament confirmed that it had removed Hikvision thermal cameras from its premises following the approval of an amendment sponsored by Dutch MEP Lara Wolters calling for the removal of "all of Hikvision’s thermal cameras from Parliament’s premises" due to "an unacceptable risk that Hikvision, through its operations in Xinjiang, is contributing to serious human rights abuses."[47]

In July 2021, the UK Foreign Affairs Select Committee published a report stating that Hikvision cameras "have been deployed throughout Xinjiang, and provide the primary camera technology used in the internment camps".[48]

In June 2022, documents from the Xinjiang Police Files showed how Hikvision technology is used by Xinjiang police to surveil all Xinjiang residents.[49]

Bans

In January 2021, the United States of America banned government installations of information communication equipment from brands based in the People's Republic of China,[50] including Hikvision, which was of particular concern due to its use by over 300 government agencies.[51]

In June 2021, 224 Hikvision products were banned for one year by South Korea's Ministry of Science and ICT over forged test reports.[52]

In September 2021, the Indian Navy's headquarters "asked its all formations to 'discontinue' procurement of CCTV cameras and surveillance systems from Hikvision," according to The Week. The Week also reported that the Indian Navy had ordered the replacement and destruction of its existing Hikvision cameras.[53]

In April 2022, the UK Department of Health and Social Care banned the purchase of Hikvision cameras.[54]

Notes

  1. ^ See also in the wiktionary for the individual meaning of the character 威 and 視; the concatenation 威視 has no meaning other than a compound word that is phonetically similar to vision.

References

  1. ^ a b "Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co Ltd". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 2021-05-13.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Hikvision – Annual Reports & Financial Statements". Geartape.
  3. ^ a b c "Hikvision 2021 Quarter 1 Report January to March 2021" (PDF). 巨潮资讯网. HANGZHOU HIKVISION DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. 2021-04-17. Retrieved 2021-05-12.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l 2017 Annual Report. Hikvision. 2018-04-21. Retrieved 2018-09-11 – via Shenzhen Stock Exchange website.
  5. ^ a b c "Hikvision: Created And Controlled By China PRC Government". IPVM. 2021-05-03. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
  6. ^ a b "China funded Hikvision's CCTV with eyes across globe". The Australian. 2016-09-17. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
  7. ^ Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany (2020-06-24). "Defense Department produces list of Chinese military-linked companies, 20 years after mandate". Axios. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
  8. ^ a b Shepardson, David (2019-10-07). "U.S. puts Hikvision, Chinese security bureaus on economic blacklist". Reuters. Retrieved 2019-10-07.
  9. ^ a b Strumpf, Dan (2021-05-25). "Chinese Surveillance-Gear Maker Hikvision Has Ties to Country's Military, Report Says". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  10. ^ 首次公开发行股票招股说明书摘要 [Prospectus] (PDF) (in Chinese (China)). Hikvision. 2010-05-13. Retrieved 2016-11-16 – via China Electronics Technology Group website.
  11. ^ "About Hikvision". Bloomberg.
  12. ^ Condon, Stephanie. "Movidius, Hikvision partner to make smarter security cameras". ZDNet. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  13. ^ "Hangzhou Hikstorage Technology Co., Ltd". en.hikstorage.com. Archived from the original on 2021-04-05. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
  14. ^ Cheng, Isabella (2021-01-28). "Hikvision Wins $33 Million Smart City Project Beating 3 Integrators". IPVM. Retrieved 2021-07-14.(Subscription required.)
  15. ^ Clark, Mitchell (2021-10-25). "Best Buy and Home Depot drop security cameras linked to Uyghur surveillance". The Verge. The Verge. Retrieved 2021-11-01.
  16. ^ "Hikvision Wins PRC Police Project To Predict Protesters Entering Capital". IPVM. 2022-06-25. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  17. ^ Mozur, Paul; Xiao, Muyi; Liu, John (2022-06-26). "'An Invisible Cage': How China Is Policing the Future". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  18. ^ Chen, Shawna (2020-11-12). "Trump bans Americans from investing in 31 companies with links to Chinese military". Axios. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  19. ^ Pamuk, Humeyra; Alper, Alexandra; Ali, Idrees (2020-11-12). "Trump bans U.S. investments in firms linked to Chinese military". Reuters. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  20. ^ Kerber, Ross; Alper, Alexandra (2020-12-05). "FTSE Russell to drop eight Chinese firms after U.S. blacklisting". Reuters. Retrieved 2020-12-05.
  21. ^ Evans, Zachary (2021-01-12). "Biden Returns Donation from Dem Ex-Senator Who Registered as Foreign Agent for China". National Review. Yahoo! News. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
  22. ^ Shepardson, David (2021-03-13). "Five Chinese companies pose threat to U.S. national security: FCC". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  23. ^ "Hikvision on the Forbes Global 2000 List". Forbes. June 2019. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
  24. ^ "Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (002415.SZ) Stock Price, News, Quote & History – Yahoo Finance". Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved 2022-04-17.
  25. ^ "One of China's richest men named in Hikvision securities probe". Reuters. 2019-11-14.
  26. ^ "Investor defends backing blacklisted Chinese firm". BBC News. 2019-12-23. Retrieved 2019-12-24.
  27. ^ 2015年年度报告 [2015 Annual Report] (PDF) (in Chinese (China)). Hikvision. 2016-04-09. Retrieved 2016-11-15 – via Shenzhen Stock Exchange.
  28. ^ "Hikvision PRC China Government Origin And Control". IPVM. 2016-08-29. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
  29. ^ "Hikvision And The Chinese Government". IPVM. 2015-12-07. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
  30. ^ Karantzoulidis, Steve (2017-02-17). "Hikvision President Chats With SSI About Cybersecurity, Privacy Concerns". securitysales.com. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  31. ^ "ICS Advisory (ICSA-17-124-01)". Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency. CISA. 2017-05-04. Retrieved 2021-10-15.
  32. ^ a b Rollet, Charles (2021-05-17). "Italian State News Investigates Hikvision". IPVM. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
  33. ^ "RCE Vulnerability in Hikvision Cameras (CVE-2021-36260)". Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency. CISA. 2021-09-28. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  34. ^ Mathews, Lee (2021-09-22). "Widely-Used Hikvision Security Cameras Vulnerable To Remote Hijacking". Forbes. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  35. ^ Markay, Lachlan (2022-01-04). "Chinese surveillance firm ramps up fight against regulators". Axios. Retrieved 2022-01-04.
  36. ^ "How the Left Should Respond to Ethnic Cleansing in China". The Nation. 2019-01-15. Archived from the original on 2020-02-17. The United States has considered sanctioning the Chinese surveillance giant Hikvision, which has provided thousands of cameras that monitor mosques, schools, and concentration camps in Xinjiang.
  37. ^ "China Undercover". PBS.
  38. ^ Lohr, Steve (2019-08-07). "U.S. Moves to Ban Huawei From Government Contracts". The New York Times. Retrieved 2019-08-10. The prohibition was mandated by Congress...And it extends to other Chinese companies...including the telecom equipment maker ZTE and Hikvision, which develops facial-recognition technology
  39. ^ John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019, section 889(f)(3)(B). Retrieved 3 January 2020
  40. ^ Cockerell, Isobel (2021-06-28). "The murky Chinese surveillance company at the center of a UK health ministry scandal". Coda Story.
  41. ^ "Addition of Certain Entities to the Entity List". Federal Register. 2019-10-09. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
  42. ^ 新浪财经综合 (2019-10-09). "美将28家中国组织和企业列入实体清单 中企表示不服". Sina Corp. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  43. ^ Carville, Olivia; Kahn, Jeremy (2019-05-22). "China's Hikvision Has Probably Filmed You". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2021-05-09.
  44. ^ Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany (2019-10-29). "What a lobbyist's remarks behind closed doors tell you about Chinese money in Washington". The Washington Post (Opinion). Archived from the original on 2020-02-17. Retrieved 2019-10-30.
  45. ^ Honovich, John (2019-10-29). "Senator Vitter Becomes "Proud Member Of The Hikvision Team", Calls Out "Anti-China" Rubio". IPVM. Retrieved 2021-07-12.
  46. ^ Markay, Lachlan (2021-07-07). "Chinese surveillance firm hires former top U.S. sanctions official as lobbyist". Axios. Axios Media. Retrieved 2021-07-12.
  47. ^ Rollet, Charles (2021-04-29). "EU Parliament Removes Hikvision, Citing Human Rights Abuses". IPVM. Retrieved 2021-05-07.
  48. ^ Vallance, Chris (2021-08-14). "CCTV watchdog criticises Hikvision Uyghur response". BBC News. Retrieved 2021-08-14.
  49. ^ Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany (2022-06-14). "HikVision cameras help Xinjiang police ensnare Uyghurs". Axios. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  50. ^ "Taiwan Government Bans China Tech Including Dahua and Hikvision". IPVM. 2021-08-17. Retrieved 2021-09-09.
  51. ^ Taiwan Government Bans China Tech Including Dahua and Hikvision (Motion picture). 2021-08-17. Retrieved 2021-09-09 – via YouTube.
  52. ^ Rollet, Charles (2021-06-22). "224 Hikvision Products Banned for One Year by South Korea". IPVM. Retrieved 2021-09-09.
  53. ^ Sagar, Pradip R (2021-09-03). "EXCLUSIVE: Indian military under target by Chinese origin surveillance systems". The Week. Retrieved 2021-09-09.
  54. ^ Titcomb, James (2022-04-16). "Health department bans Chinese cameras that caught Matt Hancock's affair". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2022-04-16.


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