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{{Infobox computer
{{Infobox computer
| name = Raspberry Pi
| name = Raspberry Pi
| logo = [[File:Raspberry Pi Logo.svg|100px]]
| logo = [[File:Raspberry Pi Logo.svg|50px]]
| image = [[File:Raspberry Pi board at TransferSummit 2011 cropped.jpg|275px]]
| image = [[File:Raspberry Pi Beta Board.jpg|300px]]
| caption = Alpha development board at TransferSummit 2011
| caption = Raspberry Pi Model-B Beta
| type = [[System-on-a-chip]]
| developer = [[Raspberry Pi Foundation]]
| releasedate = 29 February 2012<ref name=release>[https://twitter.com/#!/Raspberry_Pi/status/174735449967955968 Raspberry Pi: We are Live]</ref>
| developer = Raspberry Pi Foundation
| type = [[Single-board computer]]
| releasedate = Late 2011<ref name=faq/>
| price = US$25 and $35<br/><!-- Do Not Change Units. Raspberry Pi Foundation stated prices in US Dollars -->
| cpu = [[ARM11|ARM1176JZF-S]] 700 MHz
| gpu = [[Broadcom]] VideoCore IV
| cpu = [[ARM11|ARM1176JZF-S]] 700 MHz<ref name="Broadcom-BCM2835-Website"/>
| graphics = [[Broadcom]] VideoCore IV<ref name="Broadcom-BCM2835-Website"/>
| memory = 128 or 256&nbsp;[[Megabyte|MB]]
| storage = [[Secure Digital|SD Card Slot]] <br />(SD or SDHC card)
| os = [[Linux]] (Debian, Fedora and ArchLinux)<ref name="raspberrypi faqs"/>, {{nowrap|[[RISC OS]]}}<ref name="osnews risc os" />
| price = US$25 or $35
| memory = 256 [[Megabytes]]
| os = [[Linux]] ([[Debian|Debian GNU/Linux]], [[Fedora (operating system)|Fedora]], and [[Arch Linux]])<ref name="raspberrypi faqs"/>
| website = {{URL|www.raspberrypi.org}}
| power = 2.5&nbsp;W (model A), 3.5&nbsp;W (model B)
| website = {{URL|www.raspberrypi.org}}
}}
}}
The '''Raspberry Pi''' is a [[single-board computer]] developed by the [[#Development|Raspberry Pi Foundation]]. Scheduled for public release in December 2011,<ref name=faq>[http://www.raspberrypi.org/?page_id=8 Raspberry Pi FAQ.] Raspberry Pi Foundation FAQ. Retrieved 2011-10-21.</ref> the foundation plans to release two versions that range from US$25 to $35 (GBP £16 to £22). It is intended to stimulate the teaching of basic computer science in schools.<ref name=cheatsheet>[http://www.silicon.com/technology/hardware/2011/10/03/raspberry-pi-cheat-sheet-39748024/ Raspberry Pi: Cheat Sheet]</ref><ref name="faq">{{cite web
| title = FAQs
| publisher = Raspberry Pi Foundation
| url = http://www.raspberrypi.org/?page_id=8
| accessdate = 2011-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| last = Cellan-Jones
| first = Rory
| authorlink = Rory Cellan-Jones
| coauthors =
| title = A £15 computer to inspire young programmers
| quote = ''blog with video''
| work =
| publisher = [[BBC News]]
| date = 2011-05-05
| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/rorycellanjones/2011/05/a_15_computer_to_inspire_young.html
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| last = Price
| first = Peter
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Can a £15 computer solve the programming gap?
| quote = ''video report''
| work =
| publisher = [[Click (TV programme)|BBC Click]]
| date = 2011-06-03
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/click_online/9504208.stm
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2011-07-02}}</ref><ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2011/05/25/51129/Dongle-computer-lets-kids-discover-programming-on-a.htm | title = Dongle computer lets kids discover programming on a TV | accessdate = 2011-07-11 | last = Bush | first = Steve | date = 2011-05-25 | publisher = [[Electronics Weekly]] | quote = Announced by UK games developer David Braben, the device can run Linux and is intended to be a low-cost (£15) way to introduce children to computer science.}}</ref>


The '''Raspberry Pi''' is a [[single-board computer]] developed in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] by the [[Raspberry Pi Foundation]]. The Foundation's goal is to offer two versions, priced at US$25 and $35 (plus local taxes). The Foundation started accepting orders for the higher priced model on 29 February 2012.<ref name=lawler>Richard Lawler, 29 February 2012, [http://www.engadget.com/2012/02/29/raspberry-pi-credit-card-sized-linux-pcs-are-on-sale-now-25-mo/ Raspberry Pi credit-card sized Linux PCs are on sale now, $25 Model A gets a RAM bump], Engadget</ref> The Raspberry Pi is intended to stimulate the teaching of basic computer science in schools.<ref name=cheatsheet>[http://www.silicon.com/technology/hardware/2011/10/03/raspberry-pi-cheat-sheet-39748024/ Raspberry Pi: Cheat Sheet]</ref><ref name="faq">{{cite web | title = FAQs | publisher = Raspberry Pi Foundation | url = http://www.raspberrypi.org/?page_id=8 | accessdate =6 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | last = Cellan-Jones | first = Rory | authorlink = Rory Cellan-Jones | title = A £15 computer to inspire young programmers | publisher = [[BBC News]] | date = 5 May 2011 | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/rorycellanjones/2011/05/a_15_computer_to_inspire_young.html | accessdate = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last = Price | first = Peter | title = Can a £15 computer solve the programming gap? | publisher = [[Click (TV programme)|BBC Click]] | date = 3 June 2011 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/click_online/9504208.stm | accessdate =2 July 2011}}</ref><ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2011/05/25/51129/Dongle-computer-lets-kids-discover-programming-on-a.htm | title = Dongle computer lets kids discover programming on a TV | accessdate =11 July 2011 | last = Bush | first = Steve | date = 25 May 2011 | publisher = [[Electronics Weekly]]}}</ref>
The design includes an [[ARM11|ARM1176JZF-S]] 700-[[megahertz]] (MHz) processor, 128-256&nbsp;[[megabyte]]s (MB) of memory, intended to run [[Linux]] or [[RISC OS]].<ref name="raspberrypi faqs"/><ref name="osnews risc os" /> The design does not include a built-in [[hard disk drive|hard disk]] or [[solid-state drive]], instead relying on an [[Secure Digital|SD card]] for long-term storage.


The design is based on a [[Broadcom]] BCM2835 [[system on a chip]] (SoC),<ref name="Broadcom-BCM2835-Website"/> which includes an [[ARM11|ARM1176JZF-S]] 700&nbsp;MHz processor, [[VideoCore]] IV GPU,<ref name="grandmax brose 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.grandmax.net/2012/01/broadcom-bcm2835-soc-has-powerful.html | title=Broadcom BCM2835 SoC has the most powerful mobile GPU in the world? | work=Grand MAX | date=January 30, 2012 | accessdate=April 13, 2012 | author=Brose, Moses}}</ref> and 256 Megabytes of RAM. The design does not include a built-in [[hard disk drive|hard disk]] or [[solid-state drive]], instead relying on an [[Secure Digital|SD card]] for booting and long-term storage.<ref name="VerifiedPeripheralList"/>
==Development==
Development of the device is undertaken by the ''Raspberry Pi Foundation'', a [[charitable organization]] registered with the [[Charity Commission]]. The foundation was founded on 5 May 2009 in [[Caldecote, South Cambridgeshire]], [[United Kingdom|UK]].<ref name="charitycommission">{{cite web | url=http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/Showcharity/RegisterOfCharities/CharityWithoutPartB.aspx?RegisteredCharityNumber=1129409&SubsidiaryNumber=0 | title=1129409 - Raspberry Pi Foundation | publisher=[[Charity Commission for England and Wales]] | date=2011-06-06 | quote=''The object of the charity is to further the advancement of education of adults and children, particularly in the field of computers, computer science and related subjects.''}}</ref> Its aim is to "promote the study of computer science and related topics, especially at school level, and to put the fun back into learning computing."<ref name="raspberrypi">{{cite web | url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/ | title=Raspberry Pi Foundation | publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation | accessdate=2011-07-02}}</ref> The named trustees are [[David Braben]], Jack Lang, Pete Lomas, Robert Mullins, [[Alan Mycroft]] and Eben Upton.<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2011/05/26/51140/in-depth-raspberry-pi-the-computer-on-a-stick.htm | title = In depth: Raspberry Pi, the computer on a stick | accessdate = 2011-07-11 | last = Bush | first = Steve | date = 2011-05-26 | publisher = [[Electronics Weekly]] | quote = The Raspberry Pi developers and trustees of its Foundation are: David Braben - Founder of games software firm Frontier Developments and co-author of 'Elite'. Jack Lang - Business angel, early Acorn employee, founder of Cambridge start-ups. Pete Lomas - Founder and MD of Norcott Technologies. Robert Mullins - University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory and St. John's College, Cambridge. Alan Mycroft - Professor of Computing in University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory Eben Upton - Engineer at Broadcom Europe, founder of software start-ups, and former director of computer science at St. John's College, Cambridge.}}</ref> A [[podcast]] of an interview with Eben Upton was made available in June 2011.<ref name="foundationlibraries">{{cite web | url=http://foundationlibraries.blogspot.com/2011/06/cfl-podcast-eben-upton-raspberry-pi.html | title=CFL Podcast: Eben Upton (Raspberry Pi Foundation) | publisher=Consortium of Foundation Libraries | accessdate=2011-06-06}}</ref> An early prototype version of the computer was mounted in a package the same size as a [[USB memory stick]], and had a USB port on one end with an [[HDMI]] port on the other; shipping versions are planned to be credit card sized.


The [[Raspberry Pi Foundation]] plans to support Fedora Linux as the initial system software package/distribution, with support for Debian and Arch Linux as well.<ref name="raspberrypi faqs">{{cite web | url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/faqs | title=Raspberry Pi faqs | accessdate=March 06, 2012}}</ref> Also planned are tools for supporting [[Python (programming language)|Python]] as the main programming language,<ref name="raspberrypi faq eben proglang">{{cite web | url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/faqs#comment-132 | quote=Leads, a power supply or SD cards are not included but can be purchased at the same time from Farnell and RS. You will be able to buy preloaded SD cards too. ... We’ll be using Fedora as our recommended distribution. It’s straightforward to replace the root partition on the SD card with another ARM Linux distro if you want to use something else. The OS is stored on the SD card. | title=FAQs | publisher= | date=26 July 2011 | accessdate=12 December 2011 | author=Upton, Eben}}</ref><ref name="raspberrypi faq liz python">{{cite web | url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/faqs#comment-1632 | title=FAQs | publisher=Raspberry Pi | date=29 August 2011 | accessdate=12 December 2011 | author=Upton, Liz}}</ref> with support for [[BBC BASIC]],<ref name="edge david braben">{{cite news | url=http://www.next-gen.biz/features/david-braben-interview | title=David Braben on Raspberry Pi | work=[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]] | date=25 November 2011 | accessdate=8 December 2011}}</ref> (As "Brandy Basic", the BBC BASIC clone),<ref>[http://jaguar.orpheusweb.co.uk/branpage.html Brandy Basic]</ref> [[C (programming language)|C]],<ref name="raspberrypi faq eben proglang" /> and [[Perl]].<ref name="raspberrypi faq eben proglang" />
A prototype board made in 2006 used the [[Atmel]] [[ATmega|ATmega644]] microcontroller.<ref name="ubergizmo build your own">{{cite web | url=http://www.ubergizmo.com/2011/10/build-raspberry-pi-minicomputer/ | title=Build your own prototype Raspberry Pi minicomputer | publisher=ubergizmo | date=October 24, 2011 | accessdate=November 02, 2011 | author=Wong, George | quote=From an Atmel ATmega644 microcontroller that ran at 22.1MHz with 512K of SRAM that’s now been replaced by a 700MHz ARM11 processor and 128/256MB of SDRAM [...] they’ve also decided to share the schematics and PCB layout of the 2006 Raspberry Pi computer.}}</ref> The Foundation has made these board schematics available.<ref name="ubergizmo build your own" />


== History ==
Fifty Alpha boards were delivered in August 2011. These boards are functionally identical to the planned model B<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geek.com/articles/chips/raspberry-pi-25-pc-goes-into-alpha-production-20110728|title=Raspberry Pi $25 PC goes into alpha production|date=2011-07-28|first=Matthew|last=Humphries|publisher=Geek.com|accessdate=2011-08-01}}</ref>, only larger to accommodate debug headers. Demos of the board have shown it running the [[LXDE|LXDE desktop]] on Debian, ''[[Quake 3]]'' at [[1080p]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_mDuJuvZjI&list=UUhmozgJ0cqX8Gx7676ZQ4ig&feature=plcp|title=Raspberry Pi Youtube Channel|accessdate=2011-08-28}}</ref>, and [[Full HD]] [[H.264]] video over HDMI.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TgR74Kp6Ws4&list=UUb03zog-oVjanEDwFIL4dQw&feature=plcp|title=Full HD video demo at TransferSummit Oxford|accessdate=2011-09-12}}</ref>
[[File:Raspberry Pi board at TransferSummit 2011 cropped.jpg|thumb|left|An early Alpha board in operation. Its layout is different from the Beta and Production boards.]]
In 2006, early concepts of the Raspberry Pi were based on the [[Atmel]] [[ATmega|ATmega644]] microcontroller. Its schematics and PCB layout are available for public download.<ref name="ubergizmo build your own">{{cite web | url=http://www.ubergizmo.com/2011/10/build-raspberry-pi-minicomputer/ | title=Build your own prototype Raspberry Pi minicomputer | publisher=ubergizmo | date=24 October 2011 | accessdate=2 November 2011 | author=Wong, George}}</ref> Foundation trustee Eben Upton assembled a group of teachers, academics and computer enthusiasts to devise a computer to inspire children.<ref name="guardian reboot computing">{{cite news | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2012/jan/09/raspberry-pi-computer-revolutionise-computing-schools?newsfeed=true | title=Raspberry Pi device will 'reboot computing in schools' | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=9 January 2012 | accessdate=20 January 2012 | author=Moorhead, Joanna | location=London}}</ref> The computer is inspired by Acorn's [[BBC Micro]] of 1981.<ref name="businessweekly blown 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.businessweekly.co.uk/blog/cambridge-today-tony-quested/13664-raspberry-blown-at-cambridge-software-detractors | title=Raspberry blown at Cambridge software detractors | work=Business Weekly | date=February 29, 2012 | accessdate=March 13, 2012 | author=Quested, Tony}}</ref> The first ARM prototype version of the computer was mounted in a package the same size as a [[USB memory stick]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tomshardware.com/news/Raspberry-Pi-David-Braben-Ubuntu-9-OLPC-Railroad-Tycoon,12709.html|title=Tiny USB-Sized PC Offers 1080p HDMI Output|accessdate=1 February 2012}}</ref> It had a USB port on one end and a [[HDMI]] port on the other.


=== Pre-launch ===
Raspberry Pi community forum administrators have mentioned that [[XBMC]] developers are also in development of a port of XBMC media center software to [[Broadcom]] BCM2835 [[System-on-a-chip|SoC]] based devices using the Raspberry Pi board as its reference platform.<ref>[http://www.raspberrypi.org/?page_id=43&mingleforumaction=viewtopic&t=534.0 XBMC Live USB Persistent] ''(Raspberry Pi Forum)''</ref><ref>[http://forum.xbmc.org/showthread.php?t=100885 This is probobly going to be the best HTPC when its released!] ''(XBMC Forum)''</ref><ref name=cheatsheet/>
In August 2011, fifty Alpha boards were manufactured. These boards were functionally identical to the planned model B,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geek.com/articles/chips/raspberry-pi-25-pc-goes-into-alpha-production-20110728|title=Raspberry Pi $25 PC goes into alpha production|date=28 July 2011|first=Matthew|last=Humphries|publisher=Geek.com|accessdate=1 August 2011}}</ref> only larger to accommodate debug headers. Demos of the board showed it running the [[LXDE]] desktop on Debian, ''[[Quake 3]]'' at [[1080p]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_mDuJuvZjI&list=UUhmozgJ0cqX8Gx7676ZQ4ig&feature=plcp|title=Raspberry Pi YouTube Channel|accessdate=28 August 2011}}</ref> and [[Full HD]] [[MPEG-4]] video over HDMI.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TgR74Kp6Ws4|title=Full HD video demo at TransferSummit Oxford|accessdate=12 September 2011}}</ref> In October 2011, a development version of {{nowraplinks|[[RISC OS{{!}}RISC OS 5]]}} was being worked on<ref name="iconbar newsround">{{cite web | url=http://www.iconbar.com/articles/Newsround/index1271.html | title=Newsround | work=[[The Icon Bar]] | accessdate=17 October 2011 | author=Lee, Jeffrey}}</ref> and demonstrated in public.<ref name="osnews risc os">{{cite web | url=http://www.osnews.com/story/25276/Raspberry_Pi_To_Embrace_RISC_OS | title=Raspberry Pi To Embrace RISC OS | work=[[OSNews]] | date=31 October 2011 | accessdate=1 November 2011 | author=Holwerda, Thom}}</ref><ref name="archive london show 2011">{{cite news | title=The London show 2011 | work=Archive (magazine) | date=December 2011 | accessdate=19 January 2012 | author=Dewhurst, Christopher | volume=23 | issue=3 | pages=3}}</ref>
[[File:Initial Raspberry Pi no.7 certificate of authenticity.jpg|thumb|Certificate of authenticity for an auctioned board]]
In December 2011, twenty-five model B Beta boards were assembled and tested<ref>[http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/what-happened-to-the-beta-boards What happened to the beta boards?] Dom Cobley (4 February 2012)</ref> from one hundred unpopulated PCBs.<ref>[http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/389 We have PCBs!] ''(Raspberry Pi Blog)''</ref> The component layout of the Beta boards is the same as production boards. A single [[Printed circuit board|PCB]] routing error was discovered in the board design and fixed for the first production run.<ref>[http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/470 More on the beta boards] ''(Raspberry Pi Blog)''</ref> The Beta boards were demonstrated booting Linux, playing a 1080p movie trailer and the [[Rightware]] Samurai [[OpenGL ES]] benchmark.<ref>[http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/431 Bringing up a beta board] ''(Raspberry Pi Blog)''</ref>


During the first week of 2012, the first 10 boards were put up for auction on [[eBay]].<ref>[http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/482 We’re auctioning ten beta Raspberry Pi's; raspberrypi.org]</ref><ref name="theregister yours for just">{{cite news | url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/01/03/raspberry_pi_auction/ | title=That Brit-built £22 computer: Yours for just £1,900 or more | work=[[The Register]] | date=3 January 2012 | accessdate=10 January 2012 | author=Williams, Chris}}</ref> One was bought anonymously and donated to the museum at [[The Centre for Computing History]] in Suffolk, England.<ref name="techweekeurope production">{{cite news | url=http://www.techweekeurope.co.uk/news/raspberry-pi-goes-into-production-53652 | title=Raspberry Pi Goes Into Production | work=TechWeekEurope UK | date=11 January 2012 | accessdate=11 January 2012 | author=Cheerin, Iris}}</ref><ref name="computinghistory donated">{{cite web | url=http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/news/16944/ | title=One of the First Raspberry Pi Computers Donated to Museum | publisher=[[The Centre for Computing History]] | date=9 January 2012 | accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> The ten boards (with a total retail price of £220) together raised over £16,000,<ref>[http://www.ebay.co.uk/csc/raspberry_pi/m.html?LH_Complete=1&_ipg=50&_since=15&_sop=13&_rdc=1 eBay list of items sold by Raspberry Pi ''(retrieved 13 January 2012)'']</ref> with the last to be auctioned, serial number #01, raising £3,500.<ref>[http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/Raspberry-Pi-Model-B-beta-board-01-limited-series-10-/180786868894?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_3&hash=item2a17bcb29e eBay item ''(retrieved 13 January 2012)'']</ref> In advance of the anticipated launch at the end of February 2012, the Foundation's servers struggled to cope with the load placed by watchers repeatedly refreshing their browsers.<ref name="cabume early wednesday launch">{{cite news | url=http://www.cabume.co.uk/the-cluster/qset-your-alarmsq-raspberry-pi-looks-ready-for-early-wednesday-launch.html | title="Set your alarms!" - Raspberry Pi looks ready for early Wednesday launch | work=Cabume | date=28 February 2012 | accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref>
The logo was selected from a number submitted by members of the community. A shortlist of 6 was drawn up, with the final judging taking several days. The chosen design was created by Paul Beech, and is based on a [[buckyball]].<ref name="geek.com very clever logo">{{cite web | url=http://www.geek.com/articles/chips/raspberry-pi-selects-a-very-clever-logo-20111010/ | title=Raspberry Pi selects a very clever logo | publisher=geek.com | accessdate=October 11, 2011 | author=Humphries, Matthew | quote=[...] Raspberry Pi needed a logo, and decided to turn to the community to come up with ideas. [...] 6 designs made the shortlist, and it took several days for the judges to finally decide on the winner. [...] It was created by Paul Beech [...] the raspberry is a 3D buckyball [...]}}</ref>


=== Launch ===
The board runs the [[Linux kernel]]. A development version of {{nowraplinks|[[RISC OS{{!}}RISC OS 5]]}} is being worked on<ref name="iconbar newsround">{{cite web | url=http://www.iconbar.com/articles/Newsround/index1271.html | title=Newsround | work=[[The Icon Bar]] | accessdate=October 17, 2011 | author=Lee, Jeffrey | quote=Veteran developer Adrian Lees has expressed an interest in porting RISC OS to the low-cost Raspberry Pi computer. Previously the possibility of a port was put into doubt by the question of whether anyone would have access to the required hardware documentation, but since Adrian works at Broadcom alongside Raspberry Pi Foundation members it sounds like lack of documentation will be the least of his issues.}}</ref> and was seen publicly in October 2011.<ref name="osnews risc os">{{cite web | url=http://www.osnews.com/story/25276/Raspberry_Pi_To_Embrace_RISC_OS | title=Raspberry Pi To Embrace RISC OS | work=[[OSNews]] | date=October 31, 2011 | accessdate=November 01, 2011 | author=Holwerda, Thom | quote=At the RISC OS London show, Theo Markettos, postdoctoral researcher in the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory talked about RISC OS on the Pi. "Adrian Lees has RISC OS booting on the Raspberry Pi into the full RISC OS desktop. Lack of USB drivers then prevents user interaction," RISCOScode transcribed Markettos' words, "Work in progress on cannibalising Linux USB drivers to get RISC OS running fully on the Raspberry Pi."}}</ref>
The first batch of 10,000 boards is being manufactured in Taiwan and China,<ref name="tax-news.com balks">{{cite news | url=http://www.tax-news.com/news/Raspberry_Pi_Balks_At_UK_Tax_Regime____53494.html | title=Raspberry Pi Balks At UK Tax Regime | work=Tax-News.com | date=17 January 2012 | accessdate=20 January 2012 | author=Lee, Robert}}</ref><ref name="civilsociety manufacture abroad">{{cite news | url=http://www.civilsociety.co.uk/finance/news/content/11318/uk_computing_charity_manufacturing_product_abroad | title=UK computing charity opts to manufacture product abroad | accessdate=20 January 2012 | author=Weakley, Kirsty | publisher=Civil Society Media}}</ref> rather than in the UK. This is in part because [[import duty]] is payable on individual components but not on finished products. Chinese manufacturers also quoted a [[lead time]] of {{nowrap|four weeks}}, compared to {{nowrap|12 weeks}} in the UK. Savings can be reinvested in the Foundation's research and development activities.<ref name="civilsociety manufacture abroad" />


Shipping delays for the first batch were announced in March 2012, as the result of installation of an incorrect ethernet port.<ref name="raspberrypi hiccup 2012">{{cite web | url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/781 | title=Manufacturing hiccup | publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation | date=March 08, 2012 | accessdate=March 19, 2012 | author=Upton, Liz}}</ref><ref name="ibtimes hiccup 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/311738/20120309/raspberry-pi-delayed.htm | title=Raspberry Pi £22 Computer Delayed Due to 'Manufacturing Hiccup' | work=[[International Business Times]] | date=March 09, 2012 | accessdate=March 19, 2012 | author=Gilbert, David}}</ref> But the Foundation expects that manufacturing quantities of future batches can be increased with little difficulty if required.<ref name="ibtimes upton interview 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/313480/20120313/eben-upton-raspberry-pi-founder-interview.htm | title=Interview with Eben Upton - Raspberry Pi Founder | work=[[International Business Times]] | date=March 13, 2012 | accessdate=March 19, 2012 | author=Gilbert, David}}</ref>
==Features==
<blockquote>"We have ensured we can get them [the ethernet connectors with magnetics] in large numbers and Premier Farnell and RS Components [the two distributors] have been fantastic at helping to source components," Upton said.</blockquote>
The low-end model has 128&nbsp;MB memory, one USB port and no Ethernet controller, and costs US$25, while the US$35 model contains 256&nbsp;MB memory, two USB ports and a 10/100 Ethernet controller. The Raspberry Pi will use the [[Linux]] [[operating system]]. [[Debian|Debian GNU/Linux]], [[Iceweasel]], [[KOffice]] and [[Python (programming language)|Python]] are bundled with the Raspberry Pi.<ref name="faq" />


Initial sales commenced 29 February 2012<ref name="bbc on sale">{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-17190918 | title=The Raspberry Pi £22 computer goes on general sale | work=[[BBC News]] | date=29 February 2012 | accessdate=29 February 2012}}</ref> at 06:00&nbsp;UTC;. At the same time, it was announced that the Model A, originally to have had 128&nbsp;MB of RAM, was to be upgraded to 256&nbsp;MB before release.<ref name=lawler/> The Foundation's website also announced "Six years after the project's inception, we're nearly at the end of our first run of development{{spaced ndash}}although it's just the beginning of the Raspberry Pi story."<ref name="thehindu 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/article2954870.ece | title=Low-cost mini-PC Raspberry Pi gets heavily booked | work=[[The Hindu]] | date=March 02, 2012 | accessdate=March 12, 2012 | author=Subramanian, Karthik | location=Chennai, India}}</ref> The two licensed stores selling them within the United Kingdom, [[Premier Farnell]] and [[RS Components]], had their websites stalled by heavy web traffic immediately after the launch.<ref name="arstechnica retailers toppled">{{cite news | url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2012/02/raspberry-pi-retailers-toppled-by-demand-as-35-linux-computer-launches.ars | title=Raspberry Pi retailers toppled by demand as $35 Linux computer launches | work=[[Ars Technica]] | date=29 February 2012 | accessdate=29 February 2012 | author=Paul, Ryan}}</ref> At one point the webmaster pleaded, "Guys{{spaced ndash}}can you please stop hitting [[function key|F5]] on our website quite so often? You're bringing the server to its knees."<ref name="guardian with program 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/mar/04/raspberry-pi-schools-computer-science | title=The Raspberry Pi can help schools get with the program | work=[[The Observer]] | date=March 04, 2012 | accessdate=March 12, 2012 | author=Naughton, John | location=London}}</ref> Although as yet unconfirmed, reports suggest that there are over 2 million expressions of interest or pre-orders.<ref>[http://elinux.org/RPi_Buying_Guide#Q:_Couldn.27t_this_have_been_handled_better.2C_I_couldn.27t_get_on_the_site_to_order_and_they_sold_too_quickly.3F Raspberry Pi Buying Guide, elinux.org]</ref> The official Raspberry Pi Twitter account reported that Premier Farnell sold out within a few minutes of the initial launch, while RS Components will ship to the UK only.<ref name=lawler/>
==Specifications==

Manufacturers were reported in March 2012 to be taking a "healthy number" of pre-orders.<ref name="computerweekly community 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.computerweekly.com/blogs/open-source-insider/2012/03/community-strength-blossoms-for-raspberry-pi.html | title=Community strength blossoms for Raspberry Pi | work=[[Computer Weekly]] | date=March 15, 2012 | accessdate=March 15, 2012 | author=Bridgwater, Adrian}}</ref>

== Hardware ==
Initial sales are of the Model B, with plans to release the Model A sometime later. Model A has one [[USB]] port and no [[Ethernet]] controller, and will cost less than the Model B with two USB ports and a 10/100 Ethernet controller<ref name="SMSC-LAN9512-Website"/>.

Though the Model A doesn't have an RJ45 Ethernet port, it can connect to a network by using a user-supplied USB Ethernet or [[Wi-Fi]] adapter. As is typical of modern computers, generic USB [[computer keyboard|keyboard]]s and [[mouse (computing)|mice]] are compatible with the Raspberry Pi.<ref name="VerifiedPeripheralList"/>

The Raspberry Pi does not come with a [[real-time clock]],<ref name="faq" /> so an OS must use a [[Network Time Protocol|network time server]], or ask the user for time information at boot time to get access to time and date for [[Timestamp|file time and date stamping]]. However, a real-time clock (such as the DS1307) with battery backup can be added via the [[I²C|I<sup>2</sup>C]] interface.

===Specifications===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
Line 71: Line 58:
|-
|-
| Target price:<ref name="faq" />
| Target price:<ref name="faq" />
| US$25 (GBP £16)
| $25
| $35<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/9112841/Mini-Raspberry-Pi-computer-goes-on-sale-for-22.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Donna | last=Bowater | title=Mini Raspberry Pi computer goes on sale for £22 | date=29 February 2012}}</ref>
| US$35 (GBP £22)
|-
|-
| [[System-on-a-chip|SoC]]:<ref name="faq" />
| [[System-on-a-chip|SoC]]:<ref name="faq" />
| colspan="2" | [[Broadcom]] BCM2835 (CPU, GPU, DSP, and SDRAM)<ref name="Broadcom-BCM2835-Website">[http://www.broadcom.com/products/BCM2835 BCM2835 Media Processor; Broadcom.]</ref>
| colspan="2" | [[VideoCore|BCM2835]]
|-
|-
| CPU:
| CPU:
| colspan="2" | 700&nbsp;MHz [[ARM11]]
| colspan="2" | 700&nbsp;MHz ARM1176JZF-S core ([[ARM11]] family)<ref name="Broadcom-BCM2835-Website"/>
|-
|-
| GPU:
| GPU:
| colspan="2" | Broadcom [[VideoCore]] IV,<ref name="hq-qa">{{cite web
| colspan="2" | Broadcom [[VideoCore]] IV,<ref name="hq-qa">
{{cite web
| title = Q&A with our hardware team
| title = Q&A with our hardware team
| publisher = Raspberry Pi Foundation
| publisher = Raspberry Pi Foundation
| url = http://www.raspberrypi.org/2011/09/qa-with-our-hardware-team/
| url = http://www.raspberrypi.org/2011/09/qa-with-our-hardware-team/
| accessdate = 2011-09-20}}</ref> OpenGL ES 2.0, 1080p30 H.264 high-profile decode
| accessdate =20 September 2011
}}</ref> [[OpenGL ES]] 2.0, [[1080p]]30 [[h.264/MPEG-4 AVC]] high-profile decoder<ref name="Broadcom-BCM2835-Website"/>
|-
|-
| Memory (SDRAM):
| Memory (SDRAM):
| colspan="2" |256 Megabytes (shared with GPU)
| 128 MB
| 256 MB
|-
|-
| USB 2.0 ports:<ref name="VerifiedPeripheralList">[http://elinux.org/RaspberryPiBoardVerifiedPeripherals Verified USB Peripherals and SDHC Cards; eLinux.org]</ref>
| USB 2.0 ports:
| 1
| 1
| 2 (via integrated USB hub)<ref name="SMSC-LAN9512-Website">[http://www.smsc.com/index.php?tid=300&pid=135 SMSC LAN9512 Website; smsc.com]</ref>
| 2 (via integrated hub)
|-
|-
| Video outputs:<ref name="faq" />
| Video outputs:<ref name="faq" />
| colspan="2" | [[Composite video|Composite RCA]] (PAL & NTSC), [[HDMI]] (rev 1.3 & 1.4)<ref name=quickguide>[http://elinux.org/RPi_Hardware_Basic_Setup Embedded Linux Wiki: Hardware Basic Setup]</ref>, raw [[Liquid crystal display|LCD]] Panels via [[Display Serial Interface|DSI]]<ref name="DSI">[http://elinux.org/Rpi_Screens Raspberry Pi Wiki, section screens]</ref><ref>[http://elinux.org/File:Raspi-Model-AB-Mono-2-699x1024.png diagram of Raspberry Pi with DSI LCD connector]</ref>
| colspan="2" | Composite, HDMI
14 HDMI resolutions from 640×350 to 1920×1200 plus various [[PAL]] and [[NTSC]] standards.<ref name="video">[http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/config-txt/page-3 Raspberry Pi, supported video resolutions]</ref>
|-
|-
| Audio outputs:<ref name="faq" />
| Audio outputs:<ref name="faq" />
| colspan="2" | [[TRS connector|3.5 mm jack]], HDMI
| colspan="2" | [[TRS connector|3.5&nbsp;mm jack]], HDMI
|-
|-
| Onboard storage:<ref name="VerifiedPeripheralList"/>
| On-board storage:
| colspan="2" | [[Secure Digital|SD]]/[[MultiMediaCard|MMC]]/SDIO memory card slot
| colspan="2" | [[Secure Digital|SD]] / [[MultiMediaCard|MMC]] / SDIO card slot
|-
|-
| On-board network:<ref name="faq" />
| Onboard network:<ref name="faq" /><ref name="VerifiedPeripheralList"/>
| None
| None
| 10/100 [[Ethernet]] ([[Registered jack#RJ45|RJ45]])<ref name="SMSC-LAN9512-Website"/>
| 10/100 wired Ethernet
|-
|-
| Low-level peripherals:
| Low-level peripherals:
| colspan="2" | Up to 16 [[General Purpose Input/Output|GPIO]] pins, [[Serial Peripheral Interface Bus|SPI]], [[I²C]], [[Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter|UART]]<ref name="hq-qa" />
| colspan="2" | 8 × [[General Purpose Input/Output|GPIO]], [[Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter|UART]], [[I²C]] bus, [[Serial Peripheral Interface Bus|SPI]] bus with two [[chip select]]s, +3.3&nbsp;V, +5&nbsp;V, ground<ref name="hq-qa" /><ref>[http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals Raspberry Pi GPIO Connector; eLinux.org]</ref><br/>''
|-
| [[Real-time clock]]:<ref name="faq" />
| colspan="2" | None
|-
|-
| Power ratings:
| Power ratings:
| 500mA, (2.5 Watt) <ref name="faq" />
| 500&nbsp;mA (2.5&nbsp;[[Watt|W]])<ref name="faq" />
| 700mA, (3.5 Watt)
| 700&nbsp;mA (3.5&nbsp;W)
|-
|-
| Power source:<ref name="faq" />
| Power source:<ref name="faq" />
| colspan="2" | 5V micro USB
| colspan="2" | 5&nbsp;[[volt]] via [[USB#Mini and Micro connectors|MicroUSB]] or GPIO header
|-
|-
| Size:
| Size:
| colspan="2" | 85.60mm x 53.98mm<ref>[http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/344 Final PCB artwork]</ref> (3.370 × 2.125 in) (33/8 × 21/8 in)
| colspan="2" | {{convert|85.60|×|53.98|mm|in|abbr=on}}<ref>[http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/344 Final PCB artwork]</ref>
|-
|-
| Planned operating systems:
| Supported software:
| colspan="2" | [[Debian|Debian GNU/Linux]], [[Fedora]], [[Arch Linux]]<ref name="raspberrypi faqs">{{cite web | url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/faqs | title=FAQs | publisher=Raspberry Pi | accessdate=November 03, 2011 | quote=What Linux distros will be supported at launch? Debian, Fedora and ArchLinux will be supported from the start.}}</ref>
| colspan="2" | [[Debian|Debian GNU/Linux]], [[Fedora (operating system)|Fedora]], [[Arch Linux]]<ref name="raspberrypi faqs">
{{cite web
|-
| url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/faqs
| Unsupported software:
| title=FAQs
| colspan="2" | Other [[Free and open source software|FLOSS]] software ([[Iceweasel]], [[KOffice]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]]), {{nowrap|[[RISC OS]]}}<ref name="osnews risc os" /> (shared source)
| publisher=Raspberry Pi
| accessdate=3 November 2011
}}</ref>, [[RISC OS]]<ref name="osnews risc os" />
|}
|}


;Notes:
==See also==
# '''Model A''' and '''Model B''' are cultural references<ref name="raspberrypi model names">{{cite web | url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/11/28/raspberry_pi/page3.html | title=Psst, kid... Wanna learn how to hack? | publisher=The Register | date=28 November 2011 | accessdate=24 December 2011 | author=Williams, Chris}}</ref> to the original models of the British educational [[BBC Micro]] computer, developed by [[Acorn Computers]], who originally developed the [[ARM]] processors (the architecture of the Raspberry Pi) and operating system [[RISC OS]], which will also be able to be run on the Raspberry Pi (version 5.17).<ref name="osnews risc os" />
{{Portalbox|Computing|Education}}
# On the model B beta boards, 128 MB was allocated by default to the GPU, leaving 128 MB for the CPU.<ref> [http://www.reddit.com/r/raspberry_pi/comments/oicyr/i_have_a_raspberry_pi_beta_board_ama/c3hj3n0 I have a raspberry pi beta board ama] </ref> On the release model B (and Model A) three different splits are possible: 192 MB (CPU RAM) is the default split. It should be sufficent for standalone 1080p video decoding, or simple 3D (but probably not both together). 224 MB is for Linux only, with just a 1080p framebuffer; likely to fail for any video or 3D. 128 MB is for heavy 3D, possibly also with video decoding (e.g. XBMC).<ref>[http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/config-txt/page-3 Raspberry Pi boot configuration text file]</ref> Comparatively the Nokia 701 uses 128 MB for the Broadcom VideoCore IV.<ref> [http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/nokia-701-has-a-similar-broadcom-gpu Nokia 701 has a similar Broadcom GPU] </ref>
* [[PandaBoard]]
# Level 2 Cache is 128 KB, used primarily by the GPU, not the CPU.
* [[Beagleboard]]
# The [[ARM11]] is based on version 6 of the [[ARM architecture]], which due to its age is no longer supported by several popular versions of Linux, including Ubuntu.
* [[Arduino]]
# The available memory, 128–224 MiB, after subtracting 32–128 MiB for graphics memory, is less than the stated minimum requirement of 768 MiB to run a standard build of the Fedora operating system.<ref> [http://fedoraproject.org/get-fedora Fedora, What will I need?]</ref> Neither the memory nor processing power meets the Debian recommended minimums, even for systems without a desktop. However, 128 MiB meets the absolute minimum for an i386 system, even with a desktop. The Debian manual states: "most users risk being frustrated if they ignore these suggestions."<ref>[http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/ch03s04.html.en Debian Minimum Hardware Requirements ''(Retrieved 16 February 2012)'']</ref>
* [[Milkymist]]
# The 128–224 MiB of available memory is twice the minimum requirement of 64 MiB needed to run [[Slackware Linux]] on an ARM or i386 system.<ref>[http://www.slackware.com/install/sysreq.php The Slackware Linux Project: Installation Help<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> There are reports of Slackware running well on 32 MB ARM<ref>[http://lists.armedslack.org/pipermail/armedslack/2010-March/thread.html#356 The ARMedslack March 2010 Archive by thread<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and i386<ref>[http://www.slackbook.org/html/book.html#INSTALLATION-REQUIREMENTS Slackware Linux Essentials<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> systems. (While Slackware can load and run a GUI, it was designed to be run from the [[Shell (computing)|shell]].) The [[Fluxbox]] window manager running under [[X Windows]] requires an additional 48 MB of RAM<ref>[http://linuxreviews.org/software/desktops/#toc4 Desktops: KDE vs Gnome (Linux Reviews)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> (112 MB total).
* [[One Laptop per Child]]
# the Raspberry Pi (model B) also contains a 15-pin [[Mobile Industry Processor Interface|MIPI]] [[Camera interface]] (CSI) connector, which at the moment is unsupported, but the foundation is planning to release a camera module for it, sometime in the near future.<ref>[http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/features-and-requests/camera-for-the-csi-2-port camera for the CSI-2 port]</ref><ref>[http://elinux.org/File:Raspi-Model-AB-Mono-2-699x1024.png diagram of Raspberry Pi with CSI camera connector]</ref>
* [[Aakash tablet]]
# Support for Raw [[liquid crystal display|LCD]] Panels is available in hardware through the available DSI connector from the [[Mobile Industry Processor Interface]] (MIPI®) Alliance.<ref name="DSI" /> Software support is being planned.
* [[ARM Architecture]]
# Supported digital video resolutions are: 640x350 [[Enhanced Graphics Adapter|EGA]]; 640x480 [[Video Graphics Array|VGA]]; 800x600 [[Super video graphics array|SVGA]]; 1024x768 [[XGA]]; 1280×720 [[720p]] [[High-definition television#High-definition display resolutions|HDTV]]; 1280x768 [[Graphic display resolutions#WXGA|WXGA]] Variant; 1280x800 [[Graphic display resolutions#WXGA|WXGA]] Variant; 1280x1024 [[SXGA]]; 1366x768 [[Graphic display resolutions#WXGA|WXGA]] Variant; 1400x1050 [[SXGA+]]; 600x1200 [[UXGA]]; 1680x1050 [[WXGA+]]; 1920x1080 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television#High-definition display resolutions|HDTV]]; 1920x1200 [[WUXGA]].<ref name="video" /> Also to be supported are the generation of [[576i]] and [[480i]] composite video signals for [[Pal#PAL-B.2FG.2FD.2FK.2FI|PAL-BGHID]], [[PAL-M]], [[PAL-N]], [[NTSC]] and [[NTSC-J]]<ref name="composite">[http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/pictures-of-screen-displaying-example-of-rpi-composite-output?value=480i&type=1&include=2&search=1 examples of Raspberry Pi composite output]</ref>


==References==
==Software==
The Raspberry Pi will use [[Linux]] kernel-based [[operating system]]s. [[Debian|Debian GNU/Linux]], [[Iceweasel]], [[Calligra Suite]] and [[Python (programming language)|Python]] are planned to be bundled with the Raspberry Pi.<ref name="faq" /> {{As of|September 2011}}, the GPU is accessed via [[binary blob]]s, with the associated Linux drivers being closed source.<ref name="h-online 2011">{{cite news | url=http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Raspberry-Pi-warms-up-1341629.html | title=Raspberry Pi warms up | work=The H | date=September 13, 2011 | accessdate=March 12, 2012 | author=djwm}}</ref>
{{reflist|2}}

On 19 February 2012, the [[Raspberry Pi Foundation]] released its first proof of concept SD Card image that can be loaded onto an SD Card to produce a preliminary operating system. The image is based upon [[Debian]] 6.0 (Squeeze), with the [[LXDE]] desktop and the [[Midori browser]], plus various programming tools. The image can also run on [[QEMU]] allowing the Raspberry Pi to be emulated on various other platforms.<ref>[http://www.linuxnewshere.com/index.php/raspberry-pi-releases-1st-sd-card-image-debian linuxnews showing the first release of Debian Squeeze for Raspberry running on QEMU]</ref>

On 8 March, The Raspberry Pi Foundation released '''Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix''', its recommended Linux [[Software distro|distro]],<ref>[http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/805 Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix, our recommended distro, is ready for download!"]</ref> which was developed at [[Seneca College]] in Canada.<ref name="cbc">{{cite news | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/story/2012/02/23/technology-raspberry-pi-cheap-computer.html | title=$35 computer 'Raspberry Pi' readies for launch | work=[[CBC.ca]] | date=24 February 2012 | accessdate=28 February 2012 | author=Chung, Emily}}</ref> The Foundation intends to create an [[App Store]]<!-- this link is currently a dab page, which is intentional as no specific type of app store is referred to in the news piece --> website for people to exchange programs.<ref name="bbc classroom coders" />

Not only generic linux distros are being developed, there is also work being done on specific light linux distros like [[XBMC#OpenELEC|OpenELEC]], as a basis for specific functions. In this case to support [[XBMC]] the open source [[Digital media receiver|digital media center]].<ref name="XBMC">[http://openelec.tv/component/k2/item/235-openelec-on-raspberry-pi-our-first-arm-device-supported openelec for XBMC]</ref>

Trustee Eben Upton publicly approached the [[RISC OS Open]] community in July 2011 to enquire about assistance with a potential port.<ref name="riscosopen eben 2011">{{cite web | url=http://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/1/topics/632#posts-8012 | title=Yet another potential RISC OS target? | publisher=[[RISC OS Open]] | date=July 23, 2011 | accessdate=March 12, 2012 | author=Upton, Eben}}</ref> Adrian Lees at Broadcom has since worked on the port,<ref name="riscoscode 2011">{{cite web | url=http://www.riscoscode.com/Pages/Item0113.html | title=Raspberry Pi To Embrace RISC OS | work=RISCOScode | date=October 31, 2011 | accessdate=March 12, 2012 | author=Hansen, Martin}}</ref><ref name="riscosopen 2011">{{cite web | url=http://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/5/topics/783?page=8#posts-10565 | title=RISC OS on the Raspberry Pi | publisher=[[RISC OS Open]] | date=February 8, 2012 | accessdate=March 12, 2012 | author=Lees, Adrian}}</ref> with his work being cited in a discussion regarding the graphics drivers.<ref name="raspberrypi blob broadcom engineer">{{cite web | url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/gpu-binary-blob-question/#p24595 | title=GPU binary blob question | publisher=Raspberry Pi | date=December 29, 2011 | accessdate=March 12, 2012 | author=JamesH}}</ref>

==Community==
The Raspberry Pi community was described by Jamie Ayre of [[FLOSS]] software company [[AdaCore]] as one of the most exciting parts of the project.<ref name="computerweekly community 2012" /> Community blogger Russell Davis said that the community strength allows the Foundation to concentrate on documentation and teaching.<ref name="computerweekly community 2012" />

==Reception==
Technology writer [[Glyn Moody]] described the project in May 2011 as a "potential BBC {{nowrap|Micro 2.0}}", not by replacing {{nowrap|[[PC compatible]]}} machines but by supplementing them.<ref name="computerworlduk as british">{{cite web | url=http://blogs.computerworlduk.com/open-enterprise/2011/05/as-british-as-raspberry-pi | title=As British as Raspberry Pi? | publisher=[[Computerworld]] | work=Computerworld UK Open Enterprise blog | date=9 May 2011 | accessdate=2 February 2012 | author=Moody Glyn | authorlink=Glyn Moody}}</ref> In March 2012 Stephen Pritchard echoed the "BBC Micro successor" sentiment in ''ITPRO''.<ref name="itpro bbc 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.itpro.co.uk/639292/raspberry-pi-a-bbc-micro-for-todays-generation | title=Raspberry Pi: A BBC Micro for today's generation | work=[[ITPRO]] | date=March 01, 2012 | accessdate=March 15, 2012 | author=Pritchard, Stephen}}</ref> Alex Hope, co-author of the [[Next Gen report]], is hopeful that the computer will engage children with the excitement of programming.<ref name="telegraph ">{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/video-games/8931387/Computing-classes-dont-teach-programming-skills.html | title=Computing classes don't teach programming skills | work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] | date=3 December 2011 | accessdate=27 February 2012 | author=Stanford, Peter | location=London}}</ref> Co-author [[Ian Livingstone]] suggested that the [[BBC]] could be involved in building support for the device, possibly branding it as the "BBC Nano".<ref name="bbc classroom coders">{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16424990 | title=Raspberry Pi bids for success with classroom coders | work=[[BBC News]] | date=10 January 2012 | accessdate=29 February 2012 | author=Vallance, Chris}}</ref> [[Chris Williams (journalist born 1980s)|Chris Williams]], writing in [[The Register]] sees the inclusion of programming languages such as Kids Ruby, [[Scratch (programming language)|Scratch]] and [[BASIC]] as a "good start" to equip kids with the skills needed in the future{{spaced ndash}}although it remains to be seen how effective their use will be.<ref name="raspberrypi model names" /> [[The Centre for Computing History]] strongly supports the Raspberry Pi project, feeling that it could "usher in a new era".<ref name="computinghistory donated" /> Before release, the board was showcased by [[ARM Holdings|ARM]]'s CEO Warren East at an event in Cambridge outlining [[Google]]'s ideas to improve UK science and technology education.<ref name="cabume improve stem teaching">{{cite news | url=http://www.cabume.co.uk/the-cluster/how-google-can-really-help-improve-stem-teaching-in-the-uk.html | title=How Google can really help improve STEM teaching in the UK | work=Cabume | date=23 February 2012 | accessdate=28 February 2012 | author=Osborn, George}}</ref>

Harry Fairhead, however, suggests that more emphasis should be put on improving the educational software available on existing hardware, using tools such as [[Google App Inventor]] to return programming to schools, rather than adding new hardware choices.<ref name="Raspberry Pi or Programming">{{cite news | url=http://www.i-programmer.info/professional-programmer/i-programmer/3419-raspberry-pi-or-programming.html | title=Raspberry Pi or Programming - What shall we teach the children? | work=I Programmer | date=2 December 2011 | accessdate=7 February 2012 | author=Fairhead, Harry}}</ref> Simon Rockman, writing in a [[ZDNet]] blog, was of the opinion that teens will have "better things to do", despite what happened in the '80s.<ref name="zdnet mid-life crisis">{{cite web | url=http://www.zdnet.co.uk/blogs/fuss-free-phones-simon-rockman-10024919/is-raspberry-pi-a-mid-life-crisis-10025449/ | title=Is raspberry pi a mid-life crisis? | publisher=[[ZDNet]] | date=21 February 2012 | accessdate=24 February 2012 | author=Rockman, Simon | quote=Just because young teens led the way in computing in the 1980s doesn’t mean it should, will or can happen again. Those outside the tech age bubble have better things to do.}}</ref>

In the wake of the [[#Launch|launch]] sell-out, some alternative hardware was suggested by Nick Heath in [[ZDNet]].<ref name="zdnet heath 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.zdnet.com/photos/missed-out-on-raspberry-pi-herere-five-alternatives/6351193 | title=Missed out on Raspberry Pi? Here're five alternatives | work=[[ZDNet]] | date=March 14, 2012 | accessdate=April 11, 2012 | author=Heath, Nick}}</ref>

== Usage ==
=== Education ===
In the UK, enquiries about the board have been received from schools in both the [[state school|state]] and [[independent school|independent]] sectors, with around five times as much interest from the latter (January 2012). It is hoped that businesses will sponsor purchases for less advantaged schools.<ref name="guardian reboot computing" /> The government of a country in the [[Middle East]] has expressed interest in providing a board to every schoolgirl, in order to enhance their employment prospects.<ref name="guardian 700hz 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/mar/05/raspberry-pi-demand | title=Raspberry Pi demand running at '700 per second' | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=March 05, 2012 | accessdate=March 12, 2012 | author=Arthur, Charles | location=London}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Computing|Education}}
* [[Aakash (tablet)|Aakash]], Android-based tablet developed as part of e-learning program in India
* [[Arduino]], popular open-source Single-board microcontroller for learning to program microcontrollers
* [[BASIC Stamp]], widely used in UK schools for simple robotics projects
* [[BeagleBoard]], another single board computer with nearly identical properties with Raspberry Pi.
* [[List of single board computers]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Raspberry Pi}}
;Official Website
* [http://www.raspberrypi.org/ Raspberry Pi Foundation]
* {{official|www.raspberrypi.org}}
;Technical Information
* [http://elinux.org/RaspberryPiBoard Collected technical information about Raspberry Pi], eLinux.org
*Broadcom BCM2835 Media Processor:
** IC chip:
*** [http://www.broadcom.com/products/Mobile-Multimedia/Mobile-Multimedia-Processors Boardcom BCM2835 Website]
*** Datasheet isn't available for public download. (requires [[Non-disclosure agreement]])
** ARM1176JZF-S CPU core:
*** [http://www.arm.com/products/processors/classic/arm11/arm1176.php ARM1176 Processor Website]
*** [http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ddi0301h/index.html ARM1176JZF-S r0p7 Technical Reference Manual] (HTML and PDF)
*** [http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ddi0406c/index.html ARM Architecture Reference Manual ARMv6] (requires registration)
;In The News
* BBC: [http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/rorycellanjones/2011/05/a_15_computer_to_inspire_young.html Article and Video], [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/click_online/9504208.stm Article]
* The Register: [http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/11/28/raspberry_pi/ Article]
* Robots.net: [http://www.robots.net/article/3215.html Article]


[[Category:Home computers]]
[[Category:ARM architecture]]
[[Category:Educational technology]]
[[Category:Educational technology]]
[[Category:Linux-based devices]]
[[Category:Single-board computers]]
[[Category:Single-board computers]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 2012]]

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Revision as of 17:01, 15 April 2012

Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi Model-B Beta
DeveloperRaspberry Pi Foundation
TypeSingle-board computer
Release date29 February 2012[1]
Introductory priceUS$25 and $35
Operating systemLinux (Debian GNU/Linux, Fedora, and Arch Linux)[2]
CPUARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz[3]
Memory256 Megabytes
StorageSD Card Slot
(SD or SDHC card)
GraphicsBroadcom VideoCore IV[3]
Power2.5 W (model A), 3.5 W (model B)
Websitewww.raspberrypi.org

The Raspberry Pi is a single-board computer developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. The Foundation's goal is to offer two versions, priced at US$25 and $35 (plus local taxes). The Foundation started accepting orders for the higher priced model on 29 February 2012.[4] The Raspberry Pi is intended to stimulate the teaching of basic computer science in schools.[5][6][7][8][9]

The design is based on a Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC),[3] which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU,[10] and 256 Megabytes of RAM. The design does not include a built-in hard disk or solid-state drive, instead relying on an SD card for booting and long-term storage.[11]

The Raspberry Pi Foundation plans to support Fedora Linux as the initial system software package/distribution, with support for Debian and Arch Linux as well.[2] Also planned are tools for supporting Python as the main programming language,[12][13] with support for BBC BASIC,[14] (As "Brandy Basic", the BBC BASIC clone),[15] C,[12] and Perl.[12]

History

An early Alpha board in operation. Its layout is different from the Beta and Production boards.

In 2006, early concepts of the Raspberry Pi were based on the Atmel ATmega644 microcontroller. Its schematics and PCB layout are available for public download.[16] Foundation trustee Eben Upton assembled a group of teachers, academics and computer enthusiasts to devise a computer to inspire children.[17] The computer is inspired by Acorn's BBC Micro of 1981.[18] The first ARM prototype version of the computer was mounted in a package the same size as a USB memory stick.[19] It had a USB port on one end and a HDMI port on the other.

Pre-launch

In August 2011, fifty Alpha boards were manufactured. These boards were functionally identical to the planned model B,[20] only larger to accommodate debug headers. Demos of the board showed it running the LXDE desktop on Debian, Quake 3 at 1080p,[21] and Full HD MPEG-4 video over HDMI.[22] In October 2011, a development version of RISC OS 5 was being worked on[23] and demonstrated in public.[24][25]

Certificate of authenticity for an auctioned board

In December 2011, twenty-five model B Beta boards were assembled and tested[26] from one hundred unpopulated PCBs.[27] The component layout of the Beta boards is the same as production boards. A single PCB routing error was discovered in the board design and fixed for the first production run.[28] The Beta boards were demonstrated booting Linux, playing a 1080p movie trailer and the Rightware Samurai OpenGL ES benchmark.[29]

During the first week of 2012, the first 10 boards were put up for auction on eBay.[30][31] One was bought anonymously and donated to the museum at The Centre for Computing History in Suffolk, England.[32][33] The ten boards (with a total retail price of £220) together raised over £16,000,[34] with the last to be auctioned, serial number #01, raising £3,500.[35] In advance of the anticipated launch at the end of February 2012, the Foundation's servers struggled to cope with the load placed by watchers repeatedly refreshing their browsers.[36]

Launch

The first batch of 10,000 boards is being manufactured in Taiwan and China,[37][38] rather than in the UK. This is in part because import duty is payable on individual components but not on finished products. Chinese manufacturers also quoted a lead time of four weeks, compared to 12 weeks in the UK. Savings can be reinvested in the Foundation's research and development activities.[38]

Shipping delays for the first batch were announced in March 2012, as the result of installation of an incorrect ethernet port.[39][40] But the Foundation expects that manufacturing quantities of future batches can be increased with little difficulty if required.[41]

"We have ensured we can get them [the ethernet connectors with magnetics] in large numbers and Premier Farnell and RS Components [the two distributors] have been fantastic at helping to source components," Upton said.

Initial sales commenced 29 February 2012[42] at 06:00 UTC;. At the same time, it was announced that the Model A, originally to have had 128 MB of RAM, was to be upgraded to 256 MB before release.[4] The Foundation's website also announced "Six years after the project's inception, we're nearly at the end of our first run of development – although it's just the beginning of the Raspberry Pi story."[43] The two licensed stores selling them within the United Kingdom, Premier Farnell and RS Components, had their websites stalled by heavy web traffic immediately after the launch.[44] At one point the webmaster pleaded, "Guys – can you please stop hitting F5 on our website quite so often? You're bringing the server to its knees."[45] Although as yet unconfirmed, reports suggest that there are over 2 million expressions of interest or pre-orders.[46] The official Raspberry Pi Twitter account reported that Premier Farnell sold out within a few minutes of the initial launch, while RS Components will ship to the UK only.[4]

Manufacturers were reported in March 2012 to be taking a "healthy number" of pre-orders.[47]

Hardware

Initial sales are of the Model B, with plans to release the Model A sometime later. Model A has one USB port and no Ethernet controller, and will cost less than the Model B with two USB ports and a 10/100 Ethernet controller[48].

Though the Model A doesn't have an RJ45 Ethernet port, it can connect to a network by using a user-supplied USB Ethernet or Wi-Fi adapter. As is typical of modern computers, generic USB keyboards and mice are compatible with the Raspberry Pi.[11]

The Raspberry Pi does not come with a real-time clock,[6] so an OS must use a network time server, or ask the user for time information at boot time to get access to time and date for file time and date stamping. However, a real-time clock (such as the DS1307) with battery backup can be added via the I2C interface.

Specifications

Model A Model B
Target price:[6] $25 $35[49]
SoC:[6] Broadcom BCM2835 (CPU, GPU, DSP, and SDRAM)[3]
CPU: 700 MHz ARM1176JZF-S core (ARM11 family)[3]
GPU: Broadcom VideoCore IV,[50] OpenGL ES 2.0, 1080p30 h.264/MPEG-4 AVC high-profile decoder[3]
Memory (SDRAM): 256 Megabytes (shared with GPU)
USB 2.0 ports:[11] 1 2 (via integrated USB hub)[48]
Video outputs:[6] Composite RCA (PAL & NTSC), HDMI (rev 1.3 & 1.4)[51], raw LCD Panels via DSI[52][53]

14 HDMI resolutions from 640×350 to 1920×1200 plus various PAL and NTSC standards.[54]

Audio outputs:[6] 3.5 mm jack, HDMI
Onboard storage:[11] SD / MMC / SDIO card slot
Onboard network:[6][11] None 10/100 Ethernet (RJ45)[48]
Low-level peripherals: 8 × GPIO, UART, I²C bus, SPI bus with two chip selects, +3.3 V, +5 V, ground[50][55]
Power ratings: 500 mA (2.5 W)[6] 700 mA (3.5 W)
Power source:[6] 5 volt via MicroUSB or GPIO header
Size: 85.60 mm × 53.98 mm (3.370 in × 2.125 in)[56]
Planned operating systems: Debian GNU/Linux, Fedora, Arch Linux[2], RISC OS[24]
Notes
  1. Model A and Model B are cultural references[57] to the original models of the British educational BBC Micro computer, developed by Acorn Computers, who originally developed the ARM processors (the architecture of the Raspberry Pi) and operating system RISC OS, which will also be able to be run on the Raspberry Pi (version 5.17).[24]
  2. On the model B beta boards, 128 MB was allocated by default to the GPU, leaving 128 MB for the CPU.[58] On the release model B (and Model A) three different splits are possible: 192 MB (CPU RAM) is the default split. It should be sufficent for standalone 1080p video decoding, or simple 3D (but probably not both together). 224 MB is for Linux only, with just a 1080p framebuffer; likely to fail for any video or 3D. 128 MB is for heavy 3D, possibly also with video decoding (e.g. XBMC).[59] Comparatively the Nokia 701 uses 128 MB for the Broadcom VideoCore IV.[60]
  3. Level 2 Cache is 128 KB, used primarily by the GPU, not the CPU.
  4. The ARM11 is based on version 6 of the ARM architecture, which due to its age is no longer supported by several popular versions of Linux, including Ubuntu.
  5. The available memory, 128–224 MiB, after subtracting 32–128 MiB for graphics memory, is less than the stated minimum requirement of 768 MiB to run a standard build of the Fedora operating system.[61] Neither the memory nor processing power meets the Debian recommended minimums, even for systems without a desktop. However, 128 MiB meets the absolute minimum for an i386 system, even with a desktop. The Debian manual states: "most users risk being frustrated if they ignore these suggestions."[62]
  6. The 128–224 MiB of available memory is twice the minimum requirement of 64 MiB needed to run Slackware Linux on an ARM or i386 system.[63] There are reports of Slackware running well on 32 MB ARM[64] and i386[65] systems. (While Slackware can load and run a GUI, it was designed to be run from the shell.) The Fluxbox window manager running under X Windows requires an additional 48 MB of RAM[66] (112 MB total).
  7. the Raspberry Pi (model B) also contains a 15-pin MIPI Camera interface (CSI) connector, which at the moment is unsupported, but the foundation is planning to release a camera module for it, sometime in the near future.[67][68]
  8. Support for Raw LCD Panels is available in hardware through the available DSI connector from the Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI®) Alliance.[52] Software support is being planned.
  9. Supported digital video resolutions are: 640x350 EGA; 640x480 VGA; 800x600 SVGA; 1024x768 XGA; 1280×720 720p HDTV; 1280x768 WXGA Variant; 1280x800 WXGA Variant; 1280x1024 SXGA; 1366x768 WXGA Variant; 1400x1050 SXGA+; 600x1200 UXGA; 1680x1050 WXGA+; 1920x1080 1080p HDTV; 1920x1200 WUXGA.[54] Also to be supported are the generation of 576i and 480i composite video signals for PAL-BGHID, PAL-M, PAL-N, NTSC and NTSC-J[69]

Software

The Raspberry Pi will use Linux kernel-based operating systems. Debian GNU/Linux, Iceweasel, Calligra Suite and Python are planned to be bundled with the Raspberry Pi.[6] As of September 2011, the GPU is accessed via binary blobs, with the associated Linux drivers being closed source.[70]

On 19 February 2012, the Raspberry Pi Foundation released its first proof of concept SD Card image that can be loaded onto an SD Card to produce a preliminary operating system. The image is based upon Debian 6.0 (Squeeze), with the LXDE desktop and the Midori browser, plus various programming tools. The image can also run on QEMU allowing the Raspberry Pi to be emulated on various other platforms.[71]

On 8 March, The Raspberry Pi Foundation released Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix, its recommended Linux distro,[72] which was developed at Seneca College in Canada.[73] The Foundation intends to create an App Store website for people to exchange programs.[74]

Not only generic linux distros are being developed, there is also work being done on specific light linux distros like OpenELEC, as a basis for specific functions. In this case to support XBMC the open source digital media center.[75]

Trustee Eben Upton publicly approached the RISC OS Open community in July 2011 to enquire about assistance with a potential port.[76] Adrian Lees at Broadcom has since worked on the port,[77][78] with his work being cited in a discussion regarding the graphics drivers.[79]

Community

The Raspberry Pi community was described by Jamie Ayre of FLOSS software company AdaCore as one of the most exciting parts of the project.[47] Community blogger Russell Davis said that the community strength allows the Foundation to concentrate on documentation and teaching.[47]

Reception

Technology writer Glyn Moody described the project in May 2011 as a "potential BBC Micro 2.0", not by replacing PC compatible machines but by supplementing them.[80] In March 2012 Stephen Pritchard echoed the "BBC Micro successor" sentiment in ITPRO.[81] Alex Hope, co-author of the Next Gen report, is hopeful that the computer will engage children with the excitement of programming.[82] Co-author Ian Livingstone suggested that the BBC could be involved in building support for the device, possibly branding it as the "BBC Nano".[74] Chris Williams, writing in The Register sees the inclusion of programming languages such as Kids Ruby, Scratch and BASIC as a "good start" to equip kids with the skills needed in the future – although it remains to be seen how effective their use will be.[57] The Centre for Computing History strongly supports the Raspberry Pi project, feeling that it could "usher in a new era".[33] Before release, the board was showcased by ARM's CEO Warren East at an event in Cambridge outlining Google's ideas to improve UK science and technology education.[83]

Harry Fairhead, however, suggests that more emphasis should be put on improving the educational software available on existing hardware, using tools such as Google App Inventor to return programming to schools, rather than adding new hardware choices.[84] Simon Rockman, writing in a ZDNet blog, was of the opinion that teens will have "better things to do", despite what happened in the '80s.[85]

In the wake of the launch sell-out, some alternative hardware was suggested by Nick Heath in ZDNet.[86]

Usage

Education

In the UK, enquiries about the board have been received from schools in both the state and independent sectors, with around five times as much interest from the latter (January 2012). It is hoped that businesses will sponsor purchases for less advantaged schools.[17] The government of a country in the Middle East has expressed interest in providing a board to every schoolgirl, in order to enhance their employment prospects.[87]

See also

  • Aakash, Android-based tablet developed as part of e-learning program in India
  • Arduino, popular open-source Single-board microcontroller for learning to program microcontrollers
  • BASIC Stamp, widely used in UK schools for simple robotics projects
  • BeagleBoard, another single board computer with nearly identical properties with Raspberry Pi.
  • List of single board computers

References

  1. ^ Raspberry Pi: We are Live
  2. ^ a b c "Raspberry Pi faqs". Retrieved March 06, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Cite error: The named reference "raspberrypi faqs" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f BCM2835 Media Processor; Broadcom.
  4. ^ a b c Richard Lawler, 29 February 2012, Raspberry Pi credit-card sized Linux PCs are on sale now, $25 Model A gets a RAM bump, Engadget
  5. ^ Raspberry Pi: Cheat Sheet
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "FAQs". Raspberry Pi Foundation. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
  7. ^ Cellan-Jones, Rory (5 May 2011). "A £15 computer to inspire young programmers". BBC News.
  8. ^ Price, Peter (3 June 2011). "Can a £15 computer solve the programming gap?". BBC Click. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
  9. ^ Bush, Steve (25 May 2011). "Dongle computer lets kids discover programming on a TV". Electronics Weekly. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  10. ^ Brose, Moses (30 January 2012). "Broadcom BCM2835 SoC has the most powerful mobile GPU in the world?". Grand MAX. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  11. ^ a b c d e Verified USB Peripherals and SDHC Cards; eLinux.org
  12. ^ a b c Upton, Eben (26 July 2011). "FAQs". Retrieved 12 December 2011. Leads, a power supply or SD cards are not included but can be purchased at the same time from Farnell and RS. You will be able to buy preloaded SD cards too. ... We'll be using Fedora as our recommended distribution. It's straightforward to replace the root partition on the SD card with another ARM Linux distro if you want to use something else. The OS is stored on the SD card.
  13. ^ Upton, Liz (29 August 2011). "FAQs". Raspberry Pi. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
  14. ^ "David Braben on Raspberry Pi". Edge. 25 November 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
  15. ^ Brandy Basic
  16. ^ Wong, George (24 October 2011). "Build your own prototype Raspberry Pi minicomputer". ubergizmo. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
  17. ^ a b Moorhead, Joanna (9 January 2012). "Raspberry Pi device will 'reboot computing in schools'". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  18. ^ Quested, Tony (29 February 2012). "Raspberry blown at Cambridge software detractors". Business Weekly. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
  19. ^ "Tiny USB-Sized PC Offers 1080p HDMI Output". Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  20. ^ Humphries, Matthew (28 July 2011). "Raspberry Pi $25 PC goes into alpha production". Geek.com. Retrieved 1 August 2011.
  21. ^ "Raspberry Pi YouTube Channel". Retrieved 28 August 2011.
  22. ^ "Full HD video demo at TransferSummit Oxford". Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  23. ^ Lee, Jeffrey. "Newsround". The Icon Bar. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
  24. ^ a b c Holwerda, Thom (31 October 2011). "Raspberry Pi To Embrace RISC OS". OSNews. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  25. ^ Dewhurst, Christopher (December 2011). "The London show 2011". Archive (magazine). Vol. 23, no. 3. p. 3. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  26. ^ What happened to the beta boards? Dom Cobley (4 February 2012)
  27. ^ We have PCBs! (Raspberry Pi Blog)
  28. ^ More on the beta boards (Raspberry Pi Blog)
  29. ^ Bringing up a beta board (Raspberry Pi Blog)
  30. ^ We’re auctioning ten beta Raspberry Pi's; raspberrypi.org
  31. ^ Williams, Chris (3 January 2012). "That Brit-built £22 computer: Yours for just £1,900 or more". The Register. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  32. ^ Cheerin, Iris (11 January 2012). "Raspberry Pi Goes Into Production". TechWeekEurope UK. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  33. ^ a b "One of the First Raspberry Pi Computers Donated to Museum". The Centre for Computing History. 9 January 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
  34. ^ eBay list of items sold by Raspberry Pi (retrieved 13 January 2012)
  35. ^ eBay item (retrieved 13 January 2012)
  36. ^ ""Set your alarms!" - Raspberry Pi looks ready for early Wednesday launch". Cabume. 28 February 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
  37. ^ Lee, Robert (17 January 2012). "Raspberry Pi Balks At UK Tax Regime". Tax-News.com. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  38. ^ a b Weakley, Kirsty. "UK computing charity opts to manufacture product abroad". Civil Society Media. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  39. ^ Upton, Liz (March 08, 2012). "Manufacturing hiccup". Raspberry Pi Foundation. Retrieved March 19, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ Gilbert, David (March 09, 2012). "Raspberry Pi £22 Computer Delayed Due to 'Manufacturing Hiccup'". International Business Times. Retrieved March 19, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  41. ^ Gilbert, David (13 March 2012). "Interview with Eben Upton - Raspberry Pi Founder". International Business Times. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  42. ^ "The Raspberry Pi £22 computer goes on general sale". BBC News. 29 February 2012. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  43. ^ Subramanian, Karthik (March 02, 2012). "Low-cost mini-PC Raspberry Pi gets heavily booked". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved March 12, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  44. ^ Paul, Ryan (29 February 2012). "Raspberry Pi retailers toppled by demand as $35 Linux computer launches". Ars Technica. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  45. ^ Naughton, John (March 04, 2012). "The Raspberry Pi can help schools get with the program". The Observer. London. Retrieved March 12, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  46. ^ Raspberry Pi Buying Guide, elinux.org
  47. ^ a b c Bridgwater, Adrian (15 March 2012). "Community strength blossoms for Raspberry Pi". Computer Weekly. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
  48. ^ a b c SMSC LAN9512 Website; smsc.com
  49. ^ Bowater, Donna (29 February 2012). "Mini Raspberry Pi computer goes on sale for £22". The Daily Telegraph. London.
  50. ^ a b "Q&A with our hardware team". Raspberry Pi Foundation. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
  51. ^ Embedded Linux Wiki: Hardware Basic Setup
  52. ^ a b Raspberry Pi Wiki, section screens
  53. ^ diagram of Raspberry Pi with DSI LCD connector
  54. ^ a b Raspberry Pi, supported video resolutions
  55. ^ Raspberry Pi GPIO Connector; eLinux.org
  56. ^ Final PCB artwork
  57. ^ a b Williams, Chris (28 November 2011). "Psst, kid... Wanna learn how to hack?". The Register. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
  58. ^ I have a raspberry pi beta board ama
  59. ^ Raspberry Pi boot configuration text file
  60. ^ Nokia 701 has a similar Broadcom GPU
  61. ^ Fedora, What will I need?
  62. ^ Debian Minimum Hardware Requirements (Retrieved 16 February 2012)
  63. ^ The Slackware Linux Project: Installation Help
  64. ^ The ARMedslack March 2010 Archive by thread
  65. ^ Slackware Linux Essentials
  66. ^ Desktops: KDE vs Gnome (Linux Reviews)
  67. ^ camera for the CSI-2 port
  68. ^ diagram of Raspberry Pi with CSI camera connector
  69. ^ examples of Raspberry Pi composite output
  70. ^ djwm (13 September 2011). "Raspberry Pi warms up". The H. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  71. ^ linuxnews showing the first release of Debian Squeeze for Raspberry running on QEMU
  72. ^ Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix, our recommended distro, is ready for download!"
  73. ^ Chung, Emily (24 February 2012). "$35 computer 'Raspberry Pi' readies for launch". CBC.ca. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
  74. ^ a b Vallance, Chris (10 January 2012). "Raspberry Pi bids for success with classroom coders". BBC News. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  75. ^ openelec for XBMC
  76. ^ Upton, Eben (23 July 2011). "Yet another potential RISC OS target?". RISC OS Open. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  77. ^ Hansen, Martin (31 October 2011). "Raspberry Pi To Embrace RISC OS". RISCOScode. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  78. ^ Lees, Adrian (8 February 2012). "RISC OS on the Raspberry Pi". RISC OS Open. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  79. ^ JamesH (29 December 2011). "GPU binary blob question". Raspberry Pi. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  80. ^ Moody Glyn (9 May 2011). "As British as Raspberry Pi?". Computerworld UK Open Enterprise blog. Computerworld. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  81. ^ Pritchard, Stephen (March 01, 2012). "Raspberry Pi: A BBC Micro for today's generation". ITPRO. Retrieved March 15, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  82. ^ Stanford, Peter (3 December 2011). "Computing classes don't teach programming skills". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  83. ^ Osborn, George (23 February 2012). "How Google can really help improve STEM teaching in the UK". Cabume. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
  84. ^ Fairhead, Harry (2 December 2011). "Raspberry Pi or Programming - What shall we teach the children?". I Programmer. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  85. ^ Rockman, Simon (21 February 2012). "Is raspberry pi a mid-life crisis?". ZDNet. Retrieved 24 February 2012. Just because young teens led the way in computing in the 1980s doesn't mean it should, will or can happen again. Those outside the tech age bubble have better things to do.
  86. ^ Heath, Nick (14 March 2012). "Missed out on Raspberry Pi? Here're five alternatives". ZDNet. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  87. ^ Arthur, Charles (March 05, 2012). "Raspberry Pi demand running at '700 per second'". The Guardian. London. Retrieved March 12, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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