User:Whatamidoing (WMF)/sandbox: Difference between revisions
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In [[computing]], on the [[X Window System]], '''X11 color names''' are represented in a simple text file, which maps certain strings to [[RGB]] [[color]] values. It is shipped with every [[X11]] installation, hence the name, and is usually located in <code>''<X11root>''/lib/X11/rgb.txt</code>. |
In [[computing]], on the [[X Window System]], '''X11 color names''' are represented in a simple text file, which maps certain strings to [[RGB]] [[color]] values. It is shipped with every [[X11]] installation, hence the name, and is usually located in <code>''<X11root>''/lib/X11/rgb.txt</code>. |
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Color names are not standardized by Xlib or the X11 protocol. In earlier releases |
Color names are not standardized by Xlib or the X11 protocol. In earlier releases, server implementors were encouraged to modify the RGB values in the reference color database to account for gamma correction.<ref><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AWhatamidoing+%28WMF%29%2Fsandbox&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft.aulast=Nye&rft.au=Nye%2C+Adrian&rft.btitle=Xlib+programming+manual+%3A+for+version+11+of+the+X+Window+System&rft.date=1990&rft.edition=2nd+ed.+covers+release+3+and+release+4%2C+major+revisions.&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-937175-11-0&rft.place=%5BSebastapol%2C+CA%5D&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+%26+Associates&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></ref> |
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It is not known who originally compiled the list. The list does not show a continuity either in selected [[color value]]s or in [[color name]]s, and many color triplets have multiple names. Despite this, graphic designers and others got used to them, making it practically impossible to introduce a different list. In some applications multipart names are written with spaces, in others joined together, often in [[camel case]]; this article uses spaces and uppercase initials. |
It is not known who originally compiled the list. The list does not show a continuity either in selected [[color value]]s or in [[color name]]s, and many color triplets have multiple names. Despite this, graphic designers and others got used to them, making it practically impossible to introduce a different list. In some applications multipart names are written with spaces, in others joined together, often in [[camel case]]; this article uses spaces and uppercase initials. |
Revision as of 08:34, 25 June 2013
In computing, on the X Window System, X11 color names are represented in a simple text file, which maps certain strings to RGB color values. It is shipped with every X11 installation, hence the name, and is usually located in <X11root>/lib/X11/rgb.txt
.
Color names are not standardized by Xlib or the X11 protocol. In earlier releases, server implementors were encouraged to modify the RGB values in the reference color database to account for gamma correction.[1]
It is not known who originally compiled the list. The list does not show a continuity either in selected color values or in color names, and many color triplets have multiple names. Despite this, graphic designers and others got used to them, making it practically impossible to introduce a different list. In some applications multipart names are written with spaces, in others joined together, often in camel case; this article uses spaces and uppercase initials.
The first versions of Mosaic and Netscape Navigator used the X11 colors as the basis for the Web colors list, as both were originally X applications. The W3C specifications SVG and CSS level 3 module Color eventually adopted the X11 list with some changes, as did JavaScript 1.1.[2] It is a superset of the 16 “VGA colors” defined in HTML 3.2 and CSS level 1.
Color name clashes
Perhaps most unusual of the color clashes between X11 and W3C is the case of ‘Gray’. In HTML, ‘Gray’ is specifically reserved for the 128 triplet, i.e. 50% gray . However, in X11, ‘gray’ was assigned to the 190 triplet, i.e. 75% , which is close to W3C ‘Silver’ , and had ‘Light Gray’ at 211 and ‘Dark Gray’ at 169 counterparts. This resulted in W3C’s ‘Gray’, at 50%, actually being significantly darker than ‘Dark Gray’, at 66%.
The W3C also defined a color that is equal to X11’s ‘Green’, but called it ‘Lime’.
Color name | X11 color | W3C color | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
red | green | blue | Sample | Sample | red | green | blue | |
Gray | 75% | 75% | 75% | 50% | 50% | 50% | ||
Green | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% | 50% | 0% | ||
Maroon | 69% | 19% | 38% | 50% | 0% | 0% | ||
Purple | 63% | 13% | 94% | 50% | 0% | 50% |
Color name charts
These charts are not a standard set of colors to be found on any X Window system. Rather it is the standardized X11 color names accepted by browsers following W3C standards. This set is cut down and rationalized, and has a few differences from a typical rgb.txt
file.[3] RGB values shown are normalised to the 8-bit integer range 0 to 255.
Name | Hex (RGB) |
Red (RGB) |
Green (RGB) |
Blue (RGB) |
Hue (HSL/HSV) |
Satur. (HSL) |
Light (HSL) |
Satur. (HSV) |
Value (HSV) |
Alternative |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alice Blue | #F0F8FF | 94% | 97% | 100% | 208° | 100% | 97% | 6% | 100% | |
Antique White | #FAEBD7 | 98% | 92% | 84% | 34° | 78% | 91% | 14% | 98% | |
Aqua | #00FFFF | 0% | 100% | 100% | 180° | 100% | 50% | 100% | 100% | Cyan |
Aquamarine | #7FFFD4 | 50% | 100% | 83% | 160° | 100% | 75% | 50% | 100% | |
Azure | #F0FFFF | 94% | 100% | 100% | 180° | 100% | 97% | 6% | 100% | |
Beige | #F5F5DC | 96% | 96% | 86% | 60° | 56% | 91% | 10% | 96% | |
Bisque | #FFE4C4 | 100% | 89% | 77% | 33° | 100% | 88% | 23% | 100% | |
Black | #000000 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0° | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
Blanched Almond | #FFEBCD | 100% | 92% | 80% | 36° | 100% | 90% | 20% | 100% | |
Blue | #0000FF | 0% | 0% | 100% | 240° | 100% | 50% | 100% | 100% | |
Blue Violet | #8A2BE2 | 54% | 17% | 89% | 271° | 76% | 53% | 81% | 89% | |
Brown | #A52A2A | 65% | 16% | 16% | 0° | 59% | 41% | 75% | 65% | |
Burlywood | #DEB887 | 87% | 72% | 53% | 34° | 57% | 70% | 39% | 87% | |
Cadet Blue | #5F9EA0 | 37% | 62% | 63% | 182° | 26% | 50% | 41% | 63% | |
Chartreuse | #7FFF00 | 50% | 100% | 0% | 90° | 100% | 50% | 100% | 100% | |
Chocolate | #D2691E | 82% | 41% | 12% | 25° | 75% | 47% | 86% | 82% | |
Coral | #FF7F50 | 100% | 50% | 31% | 16° | 100% | 66% | 69% | 100% | |
Cornflower | #6495ED | 39% | 58% | 93% | 219° | 79% | 66% | 58% | 93% | |
Cornsilk | #FFF8DC | 100% | 97% | 86% | 48° | 100% | 93% | 14% | 100% | |
Crimson | #DC143C | 86% | 8% | 24% | 348° | 83% | 47% | 91% | 86% | |
Cyan | #00FFFF | 0% | 100% | 100% | 180° | 100% | 50% | 100% | 100% | Aqua |
Dark Blue | #00008B | 0% | 0% | 55% | 240° | 100% | 27% | 100% | 55% | |
Dark Cyan | #008B8B | 0% | 55% | 55% | 180° | 100% | 27% | 100% | 55% | |
Dark Goldenrod | #B8860B | 72% | 53% | 4% | 43° | 89% | 38% | 94% | 72% | |
Dark Gray | #A9A9A9 | 66% | 66% | 66% | 0° | 0% | 66% | 0% | 66% | Dark Grey |
Dark Green | #006400 | 0% | 39% | 0% | 120° | 100% | 20% | 100% | 39% | |
Dark Khaki | #BDB76B | 74% | 72% | 42% | 56° | 38% | 58% | 43% | 74% | |
Dark Magenta | #8B008B | 55% | 0% | 55% | 300° | 100% | 27% | 100% | 55% | |
Dark Olive Green | #556B2F | 33% | 42% | 18% | 82° | 39% | 30% | 56% | 42% | |
Dark Orange | #FF8C00 | 100% | 55% | 0% | 33° | 100% | 50% | 100% | 100% | |
Dark Orchid | #9932CC | 60% | 20% | 80% | 280° | 61% | 50% | 75% | 80% | |
Dark Red | #8B0000 | 55% | 0% | 0% | 0° | 100% | 27% | 100% | 55% | |
Dark Salmon | #E9967A | 91% | 59% | 48% | 15° | 72% | 70% | 48% | 91% | |
Dark Sea Green | #8FBC8F | 56% | 74% | 56% | 120° | 25% | 65% | 24% | 74% | |
Dark Slate Blue | #483D8B | 28% | 24% | 55% | 248° | 39% | 39% | 56% | 55% | |
Dark Slate Gray | #2F4F4F | 18% | 31% | 31% | 180° | 25% | 25% | 41% | 31% | Dark Slate Grey |
Dark Turquoise | #00CED1 | 0% | 81% | 82% | 181° | 100% | 41% | 100% | 82% | |
Dark Violet | #9400D3 | 58% | 0% | 83% | 282° | 100% | 41% | 100% | 83% | |
Deep Pink | #FF1493 | 100% | 8% | 58% | 328° | 100% | 54% | 92% | 100% | |
Deep Sky Blue | #00BFFF | 0% | 75% | 100% | 195° | 100% | 50% | 100% | 100% | |
Dim Gray | #696969 | 41% | 41% | 41% | 0° | 0% | 41% | 0% | 41% | Dim Grey |
Dodger Blue | #1E90FF | 12% | 56% | 100% | 210° | 100% | 56% | 88% | 100% | |
Firebrick | #B22222 | 70% | 13% | 13% | 0° | 68% | 42% | 81% | 70% | |
Floral White | #FFFAF0 | 100% | 98% | 94% | 40° | 100% | 97% | 6% | 100% | |
Forest Green | #228B22 | 13% | 55% | 13% | 120° | 61% | 34% | 76% | 55% | |
Fuchsia | #FF00FF | 100% | 0% | 100% | 300° | 100% | 50% | 100% | 100% | Magenta |
Gainsboro | #DCDCDC | 86% | 86% | 86% | 0° | 0% | 86% | 0% | 86% | |
Ghost White | #F8F8FF | 97% | 97% | 100% | 240° | 100% | 99% | 3% | 100% | |
Gold | #FFD700 | 100% | 84% | 0% | 51° | 100% | 50% | 100% | 100% | |
Goldenrod | #DAA520 | 85% | 65% | 13% | 43° | 74% | 49% | 85% | 85% | |
Gray (X11) | #BEBEBE | 75% | 75% | 75% | 0° | 0% | 75% | 0% | 75% | |
Gray (W3C) | #808080 | 50% | 50% | 50% | 0° | 0% | 50% | 0% | 50% | Grey |
Green (X11) | #00FF00 | 0% | 100% | 0% | 120° | 100% | 50% | 100% | 100% | |
Green (W3C) | #008000 | 0% | 50% | 0% | 120° | 100% | 25% | 100% | 50% | |
Green Yellow | #ADFF2F | 68% | 100% | 18% | 84° | 100% | 59% | 82% | 100% | |
Honeydew | #F0FFF0 | 94% | 100% | 94% | 120° | 100% | 97% | 6% | 100% | |
Hot Pink | #FF69B4 | 100% | 41% | 71% | 330° | 100% | 71% | 59% | 100% | |
Indian Red | #CD5C5C | 80% | 36% | 36% | 0° | 53% | 58% | 55% | 80% | |
Indigo | #4B0082 | 29% | 0% | 51% | 275° | 100% | 26% | 100% | 51% | |
Ivory | #FFFFF0 | 100% | 100% | 94% | 60° | 100% | 97% | 6% | 100% | |
Khaki | #F0E68C | 94% | 90% | 55% | 54° | 77% | 75% | 42% | 94% | |
Lavender | #E6E6FA | 90% | 90% | 98% | 240° | 67% | 94% | 8% | 98% | |
Lavender Blush | #FFF0F5 | 100% | 94% | 96% | 340° | 100% | 97% | 6% | 100% | |
Lawn Green | #7CFC00 | 49% | 99% | 0% | 90° | 100% | 49% | 100% | 99% | |
Lemon Chiffon | #FFFACD | 100% | 98% | 80% | 54° | 100% | 90% | 20% | 100% | |
Light Blue | #ADD8E6 | 68% | 85% | 90% | 195° | 53% | 79% | 25% | 90% | |
Light Coral | #F08080 | 94% | 50% | 50% | 0° | 79% | 72% | 47% | 94% | |
Light Cyan | #E0FFFF | 88% | 100% | 100% | 180° | 100% | 94% | 12% | 100% | |
Light Goldenrod | #FAFAD2 | 98% | 98% | 82% | 60° | 80% | 90% | 16% | 98% | |
Light Gray | #D3D3D3 | 83% | 83% | 83% | 0° | 0% | 83% | 0% | 83% | Light Grey |
Light Green | #90EE90 | 56% | 93% | 56% | 120° | 73% | 75% | 39% | 93% | |
Light Pink | #FFB6C1 | 100% | 71% | 76% | 351° | 100% | 86% | 29% | 100% | |
Light Salmon | #FFA07A | 100% | 63% | 48% | 17° | 100% | 74% | 52% | 100% | |
Light Sea Green | #20B2AA | 13% | 70% | 67% | 177° | 70% | 41% | 82% | 70% | |
Light Sky Blue | #87CEFA | 53% | 81% | 98% | 203° | 92% | 76% | 46% | 98% | |
Light Slate Gray | #778899 | 47% | 53% | 60% | 210° | 14% | 53% | 22% | 60% | Light Slate Grey |
Light Steel Blue | #B0C4DE | 69% | 77% | 87% | 214° | 41% | 78% | 21% | 87% | |
Light Yellow | #FFFFE0 | 100% | 100% | 88% | 60° | 100% | 94% | 12% | 100% | |
Lime (W3C) | #00FF00 | 0% | 100% | 0% | 120° | 100% | 50% | 100% | 100% | |
Lime Green | #32CD32 | 20% | 80% | 20% | 120° | 61% | 50% | 76% | 80% | |
Linen | #FAF0E6 | 98% | 94% | 90% | 30° | 67% | 94% | 8% | 98% | |
Magenta | #FF00FF | 100% | 0% | 100% | 300° | 100% | 50% | 100% | 100% | Fuchsia |
Maroon (X11) | #B03060 | 69% | 19% | 38% | 338° | 57% | 44% | 73% | 69% | |
Maroon (W3C) | #7F0000 | 50% | 0% | 0% | 0° | 100% | 25% | 100% | 50% | |
Medium Aquamarine | #66CDAA | 40% | 80% | 67% | 160° | 51% | 60% | 50% | 80% | |
Medium Blue | #0000CD | 0% | 0% | 80% | 240° | 100% | 40% | 100% | 80% | |
Medium Orchid | #BA55D3 | 73% | 33% | 83% | 288° | 59% | 58% | 60% | 83% | |
Medium Purple | #9370DB | 58% | 44% | 86% | 260° | 60% | 65% | 49% | 86% | |
Medium Sea Green | #3CB371 | 24% | 70% | 44% | 147° | 50% | 47% | 66% | 70% | |
Medium Slate Blue | #7B68EE | 48% | 41% | 93% | 249° | 80% | 67% | 56% | 93% | |
Medium Spring Green | #00FA9A | 0% | 98% | 60% | 157° | 100% | 49% | 100% | 98% | |
Medium Turquoise | #48D1CC | 28% | 82% | 80% | 178° | 60% | 55% | 66% | 82% | |
Medium Violet Red | #C71585 | 78% | 8% | 52% | 322° | 81% | 43% | 89% | 78% | |
Midnight Blue | #191970 | 10% | 10% | 44% | 240° | 64% | 27% | 78% | 44% | |
Mint Cream | #F5FFFA | 96% | 100% | 98% | 150° | 100% | 98% | 4% | 100% | |
Misty Rose | #FFE4E1 | 100% | 89% | 88% | 6° | 100% | 94% | 12% | 100% | |
Moccasin | #FFE4B5 | 100% | 89% | 71% | 38° | 100% | 86% | 29% | 100% | |
Navajo White | #FFDEAD | 100% | 87% | 68% | 36° | 100% | 84% | 32% | 100% | |
Navy | #000080 | 0% | 0% | 50% | 240° | 100% | 25% | 100% | 50% | |
Old Lace | #FDF5E6 | 99% | 96% | 90% | 39° | 85% | 95% | 9% | 99% | |
Olive | #808000 | 50% | 50% | 0% | 60° | 100% | 25% | 100% | 50% | |
Olive Drab | #6B8E23 | 42% | 56% | 14% | 80° | 61% | 35% | 75% | 56% | |
Orange | #FFA500 | 100% | 65% | 0% | 39° | 100% | 50% | 100% | 100% | |
Orange Red | #FF4500 | 100% | 27% | 0% | 16° | 100% | 50% | 100% | 100% | |
Orchid | #DA70D6 | 85% | 44% | 84% | 302° | 59% | 65% | 49% | 85% | |
Pale Goldenrod | #EEE8AA | 93% | 91% | 67% | 55° | 67% | 80% | 29% | 93% | |
Pale Green | #98FB98 | 60% | 98% | 60% | 120° | 93% | 79% | 39% | 98% | |
Pale Turquoise | #AFEEEE | 69% | 93% | 93% | 180° | 65% | 81% | 26% | 93% | |
Pale Violet Red | #DB7093 | 86% | 44% | 58% | 340° | 60% | 65% | 49% | 86% | |
Papaya Whip | #FFEFD5 | 100% | 94% | 84% | 37° | 100% | 92% | 16% | 100% | |
Peach Puff | #FFDAB9 | 100% | 85% | 73% | 28° | 100% | 86% | 27% | 100% | |
Peru | #CD853F | 80% | 52% | 25% | 30° | 59% | 53% | 69% | 80% | |
Pink | #FFC0CB | 100% | 75% | 80% | 350° | 100% | 88% | 25% | 100% | |
Plum | #DDA0DD | 87% | 63% | 87% | 300° | 47% | 75% | 28% | 87% | |
Powder Blue | #B0E0E6 | 69% | 88% | 90% | 187° | 52% | 80% | 23% | 90% | |
Purple (X11) | #A020F0 | 63% | 13% | 94% | 277° | 87% | 53% | 87% | 94% | |
Purple (W3C) | #7F007F | 50% | 0% | 50% | 300° | 100% | 25% | 100% | 50% | |
Red | #FF0000 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0° | 100% | 50% | 100% | 100% | |
Rosy Brown | #BC8F8F | 74% | 56% | 56% | 0° | 25% | 65% | 24% | 74% | |
Royal Blue | #4169E1 | 25% | 41% | 88% | 225° | 73% | 57% | 71% | 88% | |
Saddle Brown | #8B4513 | 55% | 27% | 7% | 25° | 76% | 31% | 86% | 55% | |
Salmon | #FA8072 | 98% | 50% | 45% | 6° | 93% | 71% | 54% | 98% | |
Sandy Brown | #F4A460 | 96% | 64% | 38% | 28° | 87% | 67% | 61% | 96% | |
Sea Green | #2E8B57 | 18% | 55% | 34% | 146° | 50% | 36% | 67% | 55% | |
Seashell | #FFF5EE | 100% | 96% | 93% | 25° | 100% | 97% | 7% | 100% | |
Sienna | #A0522D | 63% | 32% | 18% | 19° | 56% | 40% | 72% | 63% | |
Silver (W3C) | #C0C0C0 | 75% | 75% | 75% | 0° | 0% | 75% | 0% | 75% | |
Sky Blue | #87CEEB | 53% | 81% | 92% | 197° | 71% | 73% | 43% | 92% | |
Slate Blue | #6A5ACD | 42% | 35% | 80% | 248° | 54% | 58% | 56% | 80% | |
Slate Gray | #708090 | 44% | 50% | 56% | 210° | 13% | 50% | 22% | 56% | Slate Grey |
Snow | #FFFAFA | 100% | 98% | 98% | 0° | 100% | 99% | 2% | 100% | |
Spring Green | #00FF7F | 0% | 100% | 50% | 150° | 100% | 50% | 100% | 100% | |
Steel Blue | #4682B4 | 27% | 51% | 71% | 207° | 44% | 49% | 61% | 71% | |
Tan | #D2B48C | 82% | 71% | 55% | 34° | 44% | 69% | 33% | 82% | |
Teal | #008080 | 0% | 50% | 50% | 180° | 100% | 25% | 100% | 50% | |
Thistle | #D8BFD8 | 85% | 75% | 85% | 300° | 24% | 80% | 12% | 85% | |
Tomato | #FF6347 | 100% | 39% | 28% | 9° | 100% | 64% | 72% | 100% | |
Turquoise | #40E0D0 | 25% | 88% | 82% | 174° | 72% | 57% | 71% | 88% | |
Violet | #EE82EE | 93% | 51% | 93% | 300° | 76% | 72% | 45% | 93% | |
Wheat | #F5DEB3 | 96% | 87% | 70% | 39° | 77% | 83% | 27% | 96% | |
White | #FFFFFF | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0° | 0% | 100% | 0% | 100% | |
White Smoke | #F5F5F5 | 96% | 96% | 96% | 0° | 0% | 96% | 0% | 96% | |
Yellow | #FFFF00 | 100% | 100% | 0% | 60° | 100% | 50% | 100% | 100% | |
Yellow Green | #9ACD32 | 60% | 80% | 20% | 80° | 61% | 50% | 76% | 80% |
Shades of gray
The list shown above covers only the colors supported by popular browsers. Some browsers like Netscape navigator insisted on an ‘a’ in any ‘Gray’ except for ‘Light Grey’.
The complete rgb.txt
defines 101 shades from ‘Gray 0’ (black) up to ‘Gray 100’ (white) in addition to ‘Gray’ and its variants listed above. The shades are apparently defined by the formula Gray N := round(N% × 255)
resulting in e.g. ‘Gray 96’ , which happens to be the same as ‘White Smoke’. Similarly ‘Dim Gray’ is the same as ‘Gray 41’ .
On the other hand ‘Gray’ lies between ‘Gray 74’ and ‘Gray 75’ , ‘Dark Gray’ is not the same as ‘Gray 66’ , and ‘Light Grey’ is not the same as ‘Gray 83’ .
Color variations
For 78 colors as listed above, rgb.txt
offers four variants ‘color 1’, ‘color 2’, ‘color 3’, and ‘color 4’, with ‘color 1’ corresponding to ‘color’, so e.g. ‘Snow 1’ is the same as ‘Snow’. These variations are neither supported by popular browsers nor adopted by W3C standards.
The formulae used to determine the RGB values for these variations appear to be somewhere near
color 2 := color × 93.2%
color 3 := color × 80.4%
color 4 := color × 54.8%
Examples:
- 205.2 = 255 × 80.4/100 and 192.96 = 240 × 80.4/100 explain ‘Ivory 3’ (205, 205, 196) based on ‘Ivory’ (255, 255, 240) .
- 139.74 = 255 × 54.8/100 and 131.52 = 240 × 54.8/100 are close to ‘Azure 4’ (131, 139, 139) based on ‘Azure’ (240, 255, 255) .
- 237.66 = 255 × 93.2/100 yields ‘Yellow 2’ (238, 238, 0) based on ‘Yellow’ (255, 255, 0) .
See also
References
External links
- “SVG Color Keywords”, CSS Color Module Level 3, and “Recognized Color Keyword Names, SVG 1.1, two specifications of the W3C.
- X11 rgb.txt 1.1 at Xfree.86.org, 1994, and X11 rgb.txt 1.2, 2005 (excluding 96 aliases).
- “X11 Colors list for Mac OS X” – has a link to a Perl script to convert rgb.txt into a Mac OS X color picker (.clr) file, with or without duplicate names.
- Aubrey Jaffer. “Color-Name Dictionaries”. Jaffer’s self-published page includes extensive information about and comparisons between color-name dictionaries.