1789: Difference between revisions
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* [[January 7]] – [[United States presidential election, 1789]] and [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1789|House of Representatives elections]] are held. |
* [[January 7]] – [[United States presidential election, 1789]] and [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1789|House of Representatives elections]] are held. |
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* [[January 21]] – The first [[American novel]], ''[[The Power of Sympathy]] or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth'', is printed in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. The anonymous author is [[William Hill Brown]]. |
* [[January 21]] – The first [[American novel]], ''[[The Power of Sympathy]] or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth'', is printed in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. The anonymous author is [[William Hill Brown]]. |
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* [[January 23]] – [[Georgetown University]] is founded in |
* [[January 23]] – [[Georgetown University]] is founded in Washington, D.C., the first [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[college]] in the United States. |
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[[Image:Portrait of George Washington.jpeg|thumb|145px|right| [[February 4]]: First |
[[Image:Portrait of George Washington.jpeg|thumb|145px|right| [[February 4]]: First President of the United States, [[George Washington]], elected.]] |
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* February – King [[Gustav III of Sweden]] enforces the [[Union and Security Act]], delivering the ''coup de grace'' to Sweden's 70-year old parliamentarian system in favor of [[absolute monarchy]]. |
* February – King [[Gustav III of Sweden]] enforces the [[Union and Security Act]], delivering the ''coup de grace'' to Sweden's 70-year old parliamentarian system in favor of [[absolute monarchy]]. |
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* [[February 4]] – [[George Washington]] is unanimously elected the first |
* [[February 4]] – [[George Washington]] is unanimously elected the first President of the United States by the [[United States Electoral College]]. |
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* March – First version of a graphic [[:File:Slaveshipposter-contrast.jpg|description of a slave ship]] (the ''[[Brookes (ship)|Brookes]]'') issued on behalf of the English [[Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade]].<ref>{{cite web|title=219 years ago - ''Description of a Slave Ship''|url=http://blogs.princeton.edu/rarebooks/2008/05/ship_brooks.html|year=2008|work=Rare Book Collections @ Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Library|accessdate=2013-03-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The ''Brookes'' - visualising the transatlantic slave trade|url=http://www.history.ac.uk/1807commemorated/exhibitions/museums/brookes.html|work=1807 Commemorated|year=2007|publisher=University of York Institute for the Public Understanding of the Past|accessdate=2013-03-19}}</ref> |
* March – First version of a graphic [[:File:Slaveshipposter-contrast.jpg|description of a slave ship]] (the ''[[Brookes (ship)|Brookes]]'') issued on behalf of the English [[Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade]].<ref>{{cite web|title=219 years ago - ''Description of a Slave Ship''|url=http://blogs.princeton.edu/rarebooks/2008/05/ship_brooks.html|year=2008|work=Rare Book Collections @ Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Library|accessdate=2013-03-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The ''Brookes'' - visualising the transatlantic slave trade|url=http://www.history.ac.uk/1807commemorated/exhibitions/museums/brookes.html|work=1807 Commemorated|year=2007|publisher=University of York Institute for the Public Understanding of the Past|accessdate=2013-03-19}}</ref> |
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* [[March 4]] – At [[Federal Hall]] in |
* [[March 4]] – At [[Federal Hall]] in New York City, the [[1st United States Congress]] meets and declares the new [[United States Constitution]] to be in effect. The [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] [[United States Congress]] replaces the [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] [[Congress of the Confederation]] as the [[legislature]] of the [[federal government of the United States]]. |
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* [[April 1]] – At Federal Hall, the [[United States House of Representatives]] attains its first [[quorum]] and elects congressman [[Frederick Muhlenberg]] as the first [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]]. |
* [[April 1]] – At Federal Hall, the [[United States House of Representatives]] attains its first [[quorum]] and elects congressman [[Frederick Muhlenberg]] as the first [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]]. |
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* [[April 6]] – At Federal Hall, the [[United States Senate]] attains its first [[quorum]] and elects [[John Langdon (politician)|John Langdon]] of [[Pennsylvania]] as its first [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate|President pro tempore]]. Later that day, the Senate and the House of Representatives meet in joint session for the first time, and the electoral votes of the first U.S. Presidential election are counted. General George Washington is certified as President-elect and John Adams is certified as Vice-President elect. |
* [[April 6]] – At Federal Hall, the [[United States Senate]] attains its first [[quorum]] and elects [[John Langdon (politician)|John Langdon]] of [[Pennsylvania]] as its first [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate|President pro tempore]]. Later that day, the Senate and the House of Representatives meet in joint session for the first time, and the electoral votes of the first U.S. Presidential election are counted. General George Washington is certified as President-elect and John Adams is certified as Vice-President elect. |
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* [[April 7]] – [[Selim III]] (1789–1807) succeeds [[ |
* [[April 7]] – [[Selim III]] (1789–1807) succeeds [[Abdul Hamid I]] (1773–1789) as [[Ottoman Sultan]]. |
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* [[April 21]] – [[John Adams]] takes office as the first Vice President of the United States and begins presiding over the United States Senate. |
* [[April 21]] – [[John Adams]] takes office as the first Vice President of the United States and begins presiding over the United States Senate. |
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* [[April 28]] – [[Mutiny on the Bounty|Mutiny on the ''Bounty'']]: [[Fletcher Christian]] leads the [[mutiny]] on the British [[Royal Navy]] ship {{HMS|Bounty}} against Captain [[William Bligh]] in the |
* [[April 28]] – [[Mutiny on the Bounty|Mutiny on the ''Bounty'']]: [[Fletcher Christian]] leads the [[mutiny]] on the British [[Royal Navy]] ship {{HMS|Bounty}} against Captain [[William Bligh]] in the Pacific Ocean. |
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* [[April 30]] – [[George Washington]] is [[George Washington 1789 presidential inauguration|inaugurated]] at Federal Hall in New York City, beginning his term as the first President of the United States. |
* [[April 30]] – [[George Washington]] is [[George Washington 1789 presidential inauguration|inaugurated]] at Federal Hall in New York City, beginning his term as the first President of the United States. |
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* [[May 5]] – In |
* [[May 5]] – In France, the [[Estates-General of 1789|Estates-General]] convenes for the first time in 175 years. |
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* [[June 14]] – Survivors of the [[Mutiny on the Bounty|mutiny on the ''Bounty'']], including Captain [[William Bligh]] and 18 others, reach [[Timor]] after a nearly {{convert|4000|mi|km|adj=on}} journey in an open boat. |
* [[June 14]] – Survivors of the [[Mutiny on the Bounty|mutiny on the ''Bounty'']], including Captain [[William Bligh]] and 18 others, reach [[Timor]] after a nearly {{convert|4000|mi|km|adj=on}} journey in an open boat. |
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[[File:Mutiny HMS Bounty.jpg|thumb|180px|right| [[April 28]]: [[Mutiny on the Bounty|Mutiny on the ''Bounty'']].]] |
[[File:Mutiny HMS Bounty.jpg|thumb|180px|right| [[April 28]]: [[Mutiny on the Bounty|Mutiny on the ''Bounty'']].]] |
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* [[June 17]] – In |
* [[June 17]] – In France, representatives of the Third Estate at the [[Estates-General of 1789|Estates-General]] declare themselves the [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly]]. |
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* [[June 20]] – [[Tennis Court Oath]] is made in [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]]. |
* [[June 20]] – [[Tennis Court Oath]] is made in [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]]. |
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* [[June 23]] – [[Louis XVI of France]] makes a conciliatory speech urging reforms to a joint session and orders the three estates to meet together. |
* [[June 23]] – [[Louis XVI of France]] makes a conciliatory speech urging reforms to a joint session and orders the three estates to meet together. |
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=== July–December === |
=== July–December === |
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* July – An estimated 150,000 of |
* July – An estimated 150,000 of Paris's 600,000 people are without work. |
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* [[July 1]] – The comic [[ballet]] ''[[La fille mal gardée]]'' choreographed by [[Jean Dauberval]] is first presented under the title ''Le ballet de la paille'' at the [[Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux]], in [[Bordeaux, France |
* [[July 1]] – The comic [[ballet]] ''[[La fille mal gardée]]'' choreographed by [[Jean Dauberval]] is first presented under the title ''Le ballet de la paille'' at the [[Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux]], in [[Bordeaux]], France]. |
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* [[July 9]] |
* [[July 9]] |
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** At [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]], the [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly]] reconstitutes itself as the [[National Constituent Assembly]] and begins preparations for a [[French constitution]]. |
** At [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]], the [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly]] reconstitutes itself as the [[National Constituent Assembly]] and begins preparations for a [[French constitution]]. |
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** The [[Theater War]] officially ends in Scandinavia. |
** The [[Theater War]] officially ends in Scandinavia. |
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* [[July 10]] – [[Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)|Alexander Mackenzie]] reaches [[Mackenzie River]] Delta. |
* [[July 10]] – [[Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)|Alexander Mackenzie]] reaches [[Mackenzie River]] Delta. |
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* [[July 11]] – [[Louis XVI |
* [[July 11]] – [[Louis XVI of France]] dismisses popular Chief Minister [[Jacques Necker]]. |
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* [[July 12]] – An angry Parisian crowd, inflamed by a speech from journalist [[Camille Desmoulins]], demonstrates against the King’s decision to dismiss Minister Necker. |
* [[July 12]] – An angry Parisian crowd, inflamed by a speech from journalist [[Camille Desmoulins]], demonstrates against the King’s decision to dismiss Minister Necker. |
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* [[July 13]] – The people begin to seize arms for the defense of |
* [[July 13]] – The people begin to seize arms for the defense of Paris. |
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* [[July 14]] – The [[French Revolution]] (1789–[[1799]]) begins with the [[Storming of the Bastille]]: Citizens of |
* [[July 14]] – The [[French Revolution]] (1789–[[1799]]) begins with the [[Storming of the Bastille]]: Citizens of Paris storm the fortress of the [[Bastille]] and free the only seven prisoners held. In rural areas, peasants attack manors of the nobility. |
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[[File:Prise de la Bastille.jpg|thumb|190px|right| [[July 14]]: [[Storming of the Bastille]].]] |
[[File:Prise de la Bastille.jpg|thumb|190px|right| [[July 14]]: [[Storming of the Bastille]].]] |
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* [[July 27]] – The first agency of the [[Federal government of the United States]] under the new Constitution, the Department of Foreign Affairs (from [[September 15]] renamed the [[United States Department of State|Department of State]]), is established. |
* [[July 27]] – The first agency of the [[Federal government of the United States]] under the new Constitution, the Department of Foreign Affairs (from [[September 15]] renamed the [[United States Department of State|Department of State]]), is established. |
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* [[August 4]] – In |
* [[August 4]] – In France, members of the Constituent Assembly take an oath to end [[feudalism]] and abandon their privileges. |
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* [[August 7]] – The [[United States Department of War]] is established.<ref>[http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/highlights.html?action=view&intID=192]</ref> |
* [[August 7]] – The [[United States Department of War]] is established.<ref>[http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/highlights.html?action=view&intID=192]</ref> |
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* [[August 18]] – The [[Liège Revolution]] breaks out in the [[Prince-Bishopric of Liège]]. |
* [[August 18]] – The [[Liège Revolution]] breaks out in the [[Prince-Bishopric of Liège]]. |
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* [[August 21]] – A proposal for a [[United States Bill of Rights|Bill of Rights]] is adopted by the [[United States House of Representatives]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Freedom of Religion, the First Amendment, and the Supreme Court: How the Court Flunked History|last=Adamson|first=Barry|year=2008|page=93|publisher=Pelican Publishing|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Tgw-rCrNYacC&pg=PA93}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States, 1789-1793|page=85|date=August 21, 1789|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(hj001139)):}}</ref> |
* [[August 21]] – A proposal for a [[United States Bill of Rights|Bill of Rights]] is adopted by the [[United States House of Representatives]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Freedom of Religion, the First Amendment, and the Supreme Court: How the Court Flunked History|last=Adamson|first=Barry|year=2008|page=93|publisher=Pelican Publishing|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Tgw-rCrNYacC&pg=PA93}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States, 1789-1793|page=85|date=August 21, 1789|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(hj001139)):}}</ref> |
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* [[August 26]] – The [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]] is proclaimed in |
* [[August 26]] – The [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]] is proclaimed in France by the Constituent Assembly. |
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* [[August 28]] – [[William Herschel]] discovers [[ |
* [[August 28]] – [[William Herschel]] discovers [[Enceladus]], one of [[Saturn]]'s moons. |
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* [[September 2]] – The [[United States Department of the Treasury]] is founded. |
* [[September 2]] – The [[United States Department of the Treasury]] is founded. |
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* [[September 22]] – [[Russo-Turkish War |
* [[September 22]] – [[Russo-Turkish War (1787–92)]] – [[Battle of Rymnik]]: [[Alexander Suvorov]] roundly defeats 100,000 Turks. |
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* [[September 24]] – The [[Judiciary Act of 1789]] establishes the federal judiciary and the [[United States Marshals Service]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do?action=VideoArticle&id=5371|title=The First Supreme Court|publisher=[[History.com]]|accessdate=2008-09-24}}</ref> |
* [[September 24]] – The [[Judiciary Act of 1789]] establishes the federal judiciary and the [[United States Marshals Service]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do?action=VideoArticle&id=5371|title=The First Supreme Court|publisher=[[History.com]]|accessdate=2008-09-24}}</ref> |
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* [[September 25]] – The [[United States Congress]] proposes a set of 12 amendments for ratification by the states. Ratification for 10 of these proposals is completed on December 5, 1791, creating the [[United States Bill of Rights]]. |
* [[September 25]] – The [[United States Congress]] proposes a set of 12 amendments for ratification by the states. Ratification for 10 of these proposals is completed on December 5, 1791, creating the [[United States Bill of Rights]]. |
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* [[September 29]] – The U.S. Department of War establishes the nation's first regular [[United States Army|army]], with a strength of several hundred men. |
* [[September 29]] – The U.S. Department of War establishes the nation's first regular [[United States Army|army]], with a strength of several hundred men. |
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* [[October 5]] – [[Women's March on Versailles]]: Some 7,000 women march {{convert|12|mi|km}} from |
* [[October 5]] – [[Women's March on Versailles]]: Some 7,000 women march {{convert|12|mi|km}} from Paris to the royal [[Palace of Versailles]] to demand action over high bread prices. |
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* [[October 10]] – Physician [[Joseph-Ignace Guillotin]] proposes to the [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|French National Assembly]] the adoption of more humane and egalitarian forms of [[capital punishment]], including use of the [[guillotine]]. |
* [[October 10]] – Physician [[Joseph-Ignace Guillotin]] proposes to the [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|French National Assembly]] the adoption of more humane and egalitarian forms of [[capital punishment]], including use of the [[guillotine]]. |
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* [[October 24]] – Brabant revolutionaries cross the border from the [[Dutch Republic]] into the [[Austrian Netherlands]] as the first act of the [[Brabant Revolution]]; first public reading of the [[Manifesto of the People of Brabant]] declaring the independence of the Austrian Netherlands. |
* [[October 24]] – Brabant revolutionaries cross the border from the [[Dutch Republic]] into the [[Austrian Netherlands]] as the first act of the [[Brabant Revolution]]; first public reading of the [[Manifesto of the People of Brabant]] declaring the independence of the Austrian Netherlands. |
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* [[October 27]] – Austrian army beaten by [[Brabant Revolution|Brabant revolutionaries]] at the [[Battle of Turnhout (1789)|Battle of Turnhout]] |
* [[October 27]] – Austrian army beaten by [[Brabant Revolution|Brabant revolutionaries]] at the [[Battle of Turnhout (1789)|Battle of Turnhout]] |
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* [[November 6]] – [[Pope Pius VI]] appoints [[John Carroll ( |
* [[November 6]] – [[Pope Pius VI]] appoints [[John Carroll (bishop)|John Carroll]] the first [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[bishop]] in the United States. |
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* [[November 20]] – [[New Jersey]] ratifies the [[United States Bill of Rights]], the first [[U.S. state|state]] to do so. |
* [[November 20]] – [[New Jersey]] ratifies the [[United States Bill of Rights]], the first [[U.S. state|state]] to do so. |
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* [[November 21]] – [[North Carolina]] ratifies the [[United States Constitution]] and becomes the 12th [[U.S. state]]. |
* [[November 21]] – [[North Carolina]] ratifies the [[United States Constitution]] and becomes the 12th [[U.S. state]]. |
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* [[November 26]] – A national [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving Day]] is observed in the |
* [[November 26]] – A national [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving Day]] is observed in the United States as recommended by President George Washington and approved by Congress. |
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* [[December 11]] – The [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina]], the oldest [[public university]] in the United States, is founded. |
* [[December 11]] – The [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina]], the oldest [[public university]] in the United States, is founded. |
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* [[December 23]] – A leaflet circulated in France accuses [[Thomas de Mahy, marquis de Favras|marquis de Favras]] of plotting to rescue the royal family. |
* [[December 23]] – A leaflet circulated in France accuses [[Thomas de Mahy, marquis de Favras|marquis de Favras]] of plotting to rescue the royal family. |
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* Influenced by Dr. [[Benjamin Rush]]'s argument against the excessive use of alcohol, about 200 farmers in a Connecticut community form a [[American Temperance movement|temperance]] association. |
* Influenced by Dr. [[Benjamin Rush]]'s argument against the excessive use of alcohol, about 200 farmers in a Connecticut community form a [[American Temperance movement|temperance]] association. |
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* [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor]], decrees that all peasant labor obligations be converted into cash payments. |
* [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor]], decrees that all peasant labor obligations be converted into cash payments. |
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* [[Fort Washington |
* [[Fort Washington (Cincinnati, Ohio)]], is built to protect early U.S. settlements in the [[Northwest Territory]]. |
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* Former slave [[Olaudah Equiano]]'s autobiography ''[[The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano]]'', one of the earliest published works by a black writer, is published in London.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/launch_tl_british.shtml|title=BBC History British History Timeline|accessdate=2007-09-03| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070909012414/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/launch_tl_british.shtml| archivedate= 9 September 2007 <!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref> |
* Former slave [[Olaudah Equiano]]'s autobiography ''[[The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano]]'', one of the earliest published works by a black writer, is published in London.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/launch_tl_british.shtml|title=BBC History British History Timeline|accessdate=2007-09-03| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070909012414/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/launch_tl_british.shtml| archivedate= 9 September 2007 <!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref> |
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</onlyinclude> |
</onlyinclude> |
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* [[May 1]] – [[George Fife Angas]], Founder of South Australia (d. [[1879]]) |
* [[May 1]] – [[George Fife Angas]], Founder of South Australia (d. [[1879]]) |
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* [[July 19]] – [[John Martin (painter)|John Martin]], English painter (d. [[1854]]) |
* [[July 19]] – [[John Martin (painter)|John Martin]], English painter (d. [[1854]]) |
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* [[August 21]] – [[Augustin |
* [[August 21]] – [[Augustin-Louis Cauchy]], French mathematician (d. [[1857]]) |
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* [[August 28]] – [[ |
* [[August 28]] – [[Stéphanie de Beauharnais]], Grand Duchess of Baden (d. [[1860]]) |
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* [[September 15]] – [[James Fenimore Cooper]], American writer (d. [[1851]]) |
* [[September 15]] – [[James Fenimore Cooper]], American writer (d. [[1851]]) |
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* [[October 8]] – [[William John Swainson]] an English naturalist and artist (d. [[1855]]) |
* [[October 8]] – [[William John Swainson]] an English naturalist and artist (d. [[1855]]) |
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* [[November 5]] – [[William Bland]], Australian politician (d. [[1868]]) |
* [[November 5]] – [[William Bland]], Australian politician (d. [[1868]]) |
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* [[December 15]] – [[Edward B Dudley]], North Carolina governor |
* [[December 15]] – [[Edward B. Dudley]], North Carolina governor |
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* [[December 25]] – [[Elizabeth Jesser Reid]], English social reformer, founder of [[Bedford College, London|Bedford College]] (d. [[1866]]) |
* [[December 25]] – [[Elizabeth Jesser Reid]], English social reformer, founder of [[Bedford College, London|Bedford College]] (d. [[1866]]) |
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* [[December 28]] – [[Catharine Sedgwick]], American writer (d. [[1867]]) |
* [[December 28]] – [[Catharine Sedgwick]], American writer (d. [[1867]]) |
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* [[February 19]] – [[Nicholas Van Dyke (governor)|Nicholas Van Dyke]], American lawyer and [[Governor of Delaware|President of Delaware]] (b. [[1738]]) |
* [[February 19]] – [[Nicholas Van Dyke (governor)|Nicholas Van Dyke]], American lawyer and [[Governor of Delaware|President of Delaware]] (b. [[1738]]) |
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* [[April 7]] |
* [[April 7]] |
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** [[ |
** [[Abdul Hamid I]], [[Ottoman Sultan]] (b. [[1725]]) |
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** [[Petrus Camper]], Dutch anatomist (b. [[1722]]) |
** [[Petrus Camper]], Dutch anatomist (b. [[1722]]) |
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* [[April 13]] – [[Joseph Spencer]], American colonel of the Revolutionary War and Continental Congressman for New Hampshire (b. [[1739]]) |
* [[April 13]] – [[Joseph Spencer]], American colonel of the Revolutionary War and Continental Congressman for New Hampshire (b. [[1739]]) |
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* [[April 26]] – Count [[Petr Ivanovich Panin]], Russian soldier (b. [[1721]]) |
* [[April 26]] – Count [[Petr Ivanovich Panin]], Russian soldier (b. [[1721]]) |
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* [[May 9]] – [[Jean |
* [[May 9]] – [[Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval]], French artillery specialist (b. [[1715]]) |
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* [[May 25]] – [[Anders Dahl]], Swedish botanist (b. [[1751]]) |
* [[May 25]] – [[Anders Dahl]], Swedish botanist (b. [[1751]]) |
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* [[June 4]] – [[Prince Louis-Joseph of France]], son of [[Louis XVI of France]] (tuberculosis) (b. [[1781]]) |
* [[June 4]] – [[Prince Louis-Joseph of France]], son of [[Louis XVI of France]] (tuberculosis) (b. [[1781]]) |
Revision as of 16:54, 12 July 2014
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1789 by topic |
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Arts and science |
Countries |
Lists of leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Works category |
Gregorian calendar | 1789 MDCCLXXXIX |
Ab urbe condita | 2542 |
Armenian calendar | 1238 ԹՎ ՌՄԼԸ |
Assyrian calendar | 6539 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1710–1711 |
Bengali calendar | 1196 |
Berber calendar | 2739 |
British Regnal year | 29 Geo. 3 – 30 Geo. 3 |
Buddhist calendar | 2333 |
Burmese calendar | 1151 |
Byzantine calendar | 7297–7298 |
Chinese calendar | 戊申年 (Earth Monkey) 4486 or 4279 — to — 己酉年 (Earth Rooster) 4487 or 4280 |
Coptic calendar | 1505–1506 |
Discordian calendar | 2955 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1781–1782 |
Hebrew calendar | 5549–5550 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1845–1846 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1710–1711 |
- Kali Yuga | 4889–4890 |
Holocene calendar | 11789 |
Igbo calendar | 789–790 |
Iranian calendar | 1167–1168 |
Islamic calendar | 1203–1204 |
Japanese calendar | Tenmei 9 / Kansei 1 (寛政元年) |
Javanese calendar | 1715–1716 |
Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 11 days |
Korean calendar | 4122 |
Minguo calendar | 123 before ROC 民前123年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | 321 |
Thai solar calendar | 2331–2332 |
Tibetan calendar | 阳土猴年 (male Earth-Monkey) 1915 or 1534 or 762 — to — 阴土鸡年 (female Earth-Rooster) 1916 or 1535 or 763 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1789.
Year 1789 (MDCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
- January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet What Is the Third Estate? (Qu'est-ce que le tiers-état?), influential on the French Revolution.
- January 7 – United States presidential election, 1789 and House of Representatives elections are held.
- January 21 – The first American novel, The Power of Sympathy or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth, is printed in Boston, Massachusetts. The anonymous author is William Hill Brown.
- January 23 – Georgetown University is founded in Washington, D.C., the first Roman Catholic college in the United States.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpeg/145px-Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpeg)
- February – King Gustav III of Sweden enforces the Union and Security Act, delivering the coup de grace to Sweden's 70-year old parliamentarian system in favor of absolute monarchy.
- February 4 – George Washington is unanimously elected the first President of the United States by the United States Electoral College.
- March – First version of a graphic description of a slave ship (the Brookes) issued on behalf of the English Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade.[1][2]
- March 4 – At Federal Hall in New York City, the 1st United States Congress meets and declares the new United States Constitution to be in effect. The bicameral United States Congress replaces the unicameral Congress of the Confederation as the legislature of the federal government of the United States.
- April 1 – At Federal Hall, the United States House of Representatives attains its first quorum and elects congressman Frederick Muhlenberg as the first Speaker of the House.
- April 6 – At Federal Hall, the United States Senate attains its first quorum and elects John Langdon of Pennsylvania as its first President pro tempore. Later that day, the Senate and the House of Representatives meet in joint session for the first time, and the electoral votes of the first U.S. Presidential election are counted. General George Washington is certified as President-elect and John Adams is certified as Vice-President elect.
- April 7 – Selim III (1789–1807) succeeds Abdul Hamid I (1773–1789) as Ottoman Sultan.
- April 21 – John Adams takes office as the first Vice President of the United States and begins presiding over the United States Senate.
- April 28 – Mutiny on the Bounty: Fletcher Christian leads the mutiny on the British Royal Navy ship HMS Bounty against Captain William Bligh in the Pacific Ocean.
- April 30 – George Washington is inaugurated at Federal Hall in New York City, beginning his term as the first President of the United States.
- May 5 – In France, the Estates-General convenes for the first time in 175 years.
- June 14 – Survivors of the mutiny on the Bounty, including Captain William Bligh and 18 others, reach Timor after a nearly 4,000-mile (6,400 km) journey in an open boat.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Mutiny_HMS_Bounty.jpg/180px-Mutiny_HMS_Bounty.jpg)
- June 17 – In France, representatives of the Third Estate at the Estates-General declare themselves the National Assembly.
- June 20 – Tennis Court Oath is made in Versailles.
- June 23 – Louis XVI of France makes a conciliatory speech urging reforms to a joint session and orders the three estates to meet together.
July–December
- July – An estimated 150,000 of Paris's 600,000 people are without work.
- July 1 – The comic ballet La fille mal gardée choreographed by Jean Dauberval is first presented under the title Le ballet de la paille at the Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux, in Bordeaux, France].
- July 9
- At Versailles, the National Assembly reconstitutes itself as the National Constituent Assembly and begins preparations for a French constitution.
- The Theater War officially ends in Scandinavia.
- July 10 – Alexander Mackenzie reaches Mackenzie River Delta.
- July 11 – Louis XVI of France dismisses popular Chief Minister Jacques Necker.
- July 12 – An angry Parisian crowd, inflamed by a speech from journalist Camille Desmoulins, demonstrates against the King’s decision to dismiss Minister Necker.
- July 13 – The people begin to seize arms for the defense of Paris.
- July 14 – The French Revolution (1789–1799) begins with the Storming of the Bastille: Citizens of Paris storm the fortress of the Bastille and free the only seven prisoners held. In rural areas, peasants attack manors of the nobility.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg/190px-Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg)
- July 27 – The first agency of the Federal government of the United States under the new Constitution, the Department of Foreign Affairs (from September 15 renamed the Department of State), is established.
- August 4 – In France, members of the Constituent Assembly take an oath to end feudalism and abandon their privileges.
- August 7 – The United States Department of War is established.[3]
- August 18 – The Liège Revolution breaks out in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège.
- August 21 – A proposal for a Bill of Rights is adopted by the United States House of Representatives.[4][5]
- August 26 – The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen is proclaimed in France by the Constituent Assembly.
- August 28 – William Herschel discovers Enceladus, one of Saturn's moons.
- September 2 – The United States Department of the Treasury is founded.
- September 22 – Russo-Turkish War (1787–92) – Battle of Rymnik: Alexander Suvorov roundly defeats 100,000 Turks.
- September 24 – The Judiciary Act of 1789 establishes the federal judiciary and the United States Marshals Service.[6]
- September 25 – The United States Congress proposes a set of 12 amendments for ratification by the states. Ratification for 10 of these proposals is completed on December 5, 1791, creating the United States Bill of Rights.
- September 29 – The U.S. Department of War establishes the nation's first regular army, with a strength of several hundred men.
- October 5 – Women's March on Versailles: Some 7,000 women march 12 miles (19 km) from Paris to the royal Palace of Versailles to demand action over high bread prices.
- October 10 – Physician Joseph-Ignace Guillotin proposes to the French National Assembly the adoption of more humane and egalitarian forms of capital punishment, including use of the guillotine.
- October 24 – Brabant revolutionaries cross the border from the Dutch Republic into the Austrian Netherlands as the first act of the Brabant Revolution; first public reading of the Manifesto of the People of Brabant declaring the independence of the Austrian Netherlands.
- October 27 – Austrian army beaten by Brabant revolutionaries at the Battle of Turnhout
- November 6 – Pope Pius VI appoints John Carroll the first Roman Catholic bishop in the United States.
- November 20 – New Jersey ratifies the United States Bill of Rights, the first state to do so.
- November 21 – North Carolina ratifies the United States Constitution and becomes the 12th U.S. state.
- November 26 – A national Thanksgiving Day is observed in the United States as recommended by President George Washington and approved by Congress.
- December 11 – The University of North Carolina, the oldest public university in the United States, is founded.
- December 23 – A leaflet circulated in France accuses marquis de Favras of plotting to rescue the royal family.
Date unknown
- The Bengal Presidency first establishes a penal colony in the Andaman Islands.
- Thomas Jefferson returns from Europe, bringing the first macaroni machine to the United States.
- Influenced by Dr. Benjamin Rush's argument against the excessive use of alcohol, about 200 farmers in a Connecticut community form a temperance association.
- Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, decrees that all peasant labor obligations be converted into cash payments.
- Fort Washington (Cincinnati, Ohio), is built to protect early U.S. settlements in the Northwest Territory.
- Former slave Olaudah Equiano's autobiography The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, one of the earliest published works by a black writer, is published in London.[7]
Births
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Brigadier_General_Ren%C3%A9_Edward_De_Russy.jpg)
- January 4 – Benjamin Lundy, American abolitionist (d. 1839)
- January 12 – Ettore Perrone di San Martino, prime minister of Sardinia (d. 1849)
- January 21 – William Machin Stairs, Canadian businessman and statesman (d. 1865)
- February 22 – René Edward De Russy, Brigadier General of the United States Army, Superintendent of the United States Military Academy, and military engineer (d. 1865)
- March 16 – Georg Ohm, German physicist (d. 1854)
- May 1 – George Fife Angas, Founder of South Australia (d. 1879)
- July 19 – John Martin, English painter (d. 1854)
- August 21 – Augustin-Louis Cauchy, French mathematician (d. 1857)
- August 28 – Stéphanie de Beauharnais, Grand Duchess of Baden (d. 1860)
- September 15 – James Fenimore Cooper, American writer (d. 1851)
- October 8 – William John Swainson an English naturalist and artist (d. 1855)
- November 5 – William Bland, Australian politician (d. 1868)
- December 15 – Edward B. Dudley, North Carolina governor
- December 25 – Elizabeth Jesser Reid, English social reformer, founder of Bedford College (d. 1866)
- December 28 – Catharine Sedgwick, American writer (d. 1867)
- date unknown
- Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq, Urdu poet (d. 1854)
- Friedrich List, German journalist (d. 1846)
Deaths
- January 1 – Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley, English politician (b. 1716)
- January 4 – Thomas Nelson, Jr., American signer of the Declaration of Independence and Governor of Virginia (1781), (b. 1738)
- January 8 – Jack Broughton, English boxer (b. 1703)
- January 10 – James Mitchell Varnum, American brigadier general of the Revolutionary War and Continental Congressman for Rhode Island (b. 1748)
- January 13 – Joseph Spencer, American major general of the Revolutionary War and Continental Congressman for Connecticut (b. 1714)
- January 23 – Frances Brooke, English writer (b. 1724)
- January 25 – James Randolph Reid, American Continental Congressman for Connecticut (b. 1750)
- February 12 – Ethan Allen, American major general of the Revolutionary War and Vermont statesman (b. 1738)
- February 19 – Nicholas Van Dyke, American lawyer and President of Delaware (b. 1738)
- April 7
- Abdul Hamid I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1725)
- Petrus Camper, Dutch anatomist (b. 1722)
- April 13 – Joseph Spencer, American colonel of the Revolutionary War and Continental Congressman for New Hampshire (b. 1739)
- April 26 – Count Petr Ivanovich Panin, Russian soldier (b. 1721)
- May 9 – Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval, French artillery specialist (b. 1715)
- May 25 – Anders Dahl, Swedish botanist (b. 1751)
- June 4 – Prince Louis-Joseph of France, son of Louis XVI of France (tuberculosis) (b. 1781)
- July 13 – Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist (b. 1715)
- July 14 – Jacques de Flesselles, French provost (assassinated) (b. 1721)
- July 15 – Jacques Duphly, French composer (b. 1715)
- July 21 – Joseph Spencer, American Continental Congressman for Maryland (c. 1750)
- July 22 – Joseph-François Foulon, French politician (executed) (b. 1715)
- July 30 – Giovanna Bonanno, Italian poisoner and alleged witch
- September 4 – Paul Spooner, American lieutenant governor of Vermont (1782–1787) (b. 1746)
- September 23
- John Rogers, American Continental Congressman for Maryland (b. 1723)
- Silas Deane, American Continental Congressman for Connecticut (b. 1737)
- October 27 – John Cook, American farmer and President of Delaware (b. 1730)
- November 10 – Richard Caswell, American major general of the Revolutionary War, Continental Congressman and Governor of North Carolina (1776–1780, 1785–1787) (b. 1729)
- November 17 – Samuel Holden Parsons, American major general of the Revolutionary War and member of the Connecticut House of Representatives (b. 1737)
- December 3 – Claude Joseph Vernet, French painter (b. 1714)
- December 10 – William Pierce, American member of the Georgia House of Representatives and Continental Congressman for Georgia (c. 1753)
- December 12 – John Ponsonby, Irish politician (b. 1713)
- December 23 – Charles-Michel de l'Épée, French philanthropist and developer of signed French (b. 1712)
References
- ^ "219 years ago - Description of a Slave Ship". Rare Book Collections @ Princeton. Princeton University Library. 2008. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
- ^ "The Brookes - visualising the transatlantic slave trade". 1807 Commemorated. University of York Institute for the Public Understanding of the Past. 2007. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Adamson, Barry (2008). Freedom of Religion, the First Amendment, and the Supreme Court: How the Court Flunked History. Pelican Publishing. p. 93.
- ^ Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States, 1789-1793, August 21, 1789, p. 85
- ^ "The First Supreme Court". History.com. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
- ^ "BBC History British History Timeline". Archived from the original on September 9, 2007. Retrieved September 3, 2007.