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July 22 is the 203rd day of the year (204th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar ; 162 days remain until the end of the year.
Pre-1600 [ edit ] 1601-1900 [ edit ] 1686 – Albany, New York is formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan .1706 – The Acts of Union 1707 are agreed upon by commissioners from the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland , which, when passed by each countries' Parliaments, led to the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain .1793 – Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean becoming the first recorded human to complete a transcontinental crossing of North America.1796 – Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio "Cleveland " after Gen. Moses Cleaveland , the superintendent of the surveying party.1797 – Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife : Battle between Spanish and British naval forces during the French Revolutionary Wars . During the Battle, Rear-Admiral Nelson is wounded in the arm and the arm had to be partially amputated.1802 – Emperor Gia Long conquers Hanoi and unified Viet Nam , which had experienced centuries of feudal warfare.1805 – Napoleonic Wars : War of the Third Coalition : Battle of Cape Finisterre : An inconclusive naval action is fought between a combined French and Spanish fleet under Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve of Spain and a British fleet under Admiral Robert Calder .1812 – Napoleonic Wars : Peninsular War : Battle of Salamanca : British forces led by Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) defeat French troops near Salamanca , Spain.1864 – American Civil War : Battle of Atlanta : Outside Atlanta , Confederate General John Bell Hood leads an unsuccessful attack on Union troops under General William T. Sherman on Bald Hill.1893 – Katharine Lee Bates writes "America the Beautiful " after admiring the view from the top of Pikes Peak near Colorado Springs, Colorado .1894 – The first ever motor race is held in France between the cities of Paris and Rouen . The fastest finisher was the Comte Jules-Albert de Dion , but the 'official' victory was awarded to Albert Lemaître driving his three-horsepower petrol engined Peugeot .1901-present [ edit ] 1916 – Preparedness Day Bombing : In San Francisco , a bomb explodes on Market Street during a parade, killing ten and injuring 40.1921 – Rif War : The Spanish Army suffers its worst military defeat in modern times to the Berbers of the Rif region of Spanish Morocco .[2] 1933 – Aviator Wiley Post returns to Floyd Bennett Field in New York City, completing the first solo flight around the world in seven days, 18 hours and 49 minutes.1936 – Spanish Civil War : The Popular Executive Committee of Valencia takes power in the Valencian Community .[3] 1937 – New Deal : The United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States .1942 – The United States government begins compulsory civilian gasoline rationing due to the wartime demands.1942 – Grossaktion Warsaw
1943 – World War II: Allied forces capture Palermo during the Allied invasion of Sicily .1943 – World War II: Axis occupation forces violently disperse a massive protest in Athens , killing 22.
1944 – The Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes its manifesto , starting the period of Communist rule in Poland .1946 – King David Hotel bombing : A Zionist underground organisation, the Irgun , bombs the King David Hotel in Jerusalem , site of the civil administration and military headquarters for Mandatory Palestine , resulting in 91 deaths.1962 – Mariner program : Mariner 1 1963 – Crown Colony of Sarawak gains self-governance .1973 – Pan Am Flight 816 crashes after takeoff from Faa'a International Airport in Papeete , French Polynesia , killing 78.[4] 1976 – Japan completes its last reparation to the Philippines for war crimes committed during imperial Japan's conquest of the country in the Second World War .1977 – Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power.1983 – Martial law in Poland is officially revoked.1990 – Greg LeMond , an American road racing cyclist, wins his third Tour de France after leading the majority of the race. It was LeMond's second consecutive Tour de France victory.1992 – Near Medellín , Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison fearing extradition to the United States.1993 – Great Flood of 1993 : Levees near Kaskaskia, Illinois rupture, forcing the entire town to evacuate by barges operated by the Army Corps of Engineers .1997 – The second Blue Water Bridge opens between Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario .2003 – Members of 101st Airborne of the United States, aided by Special Forces, attack a compound in Iraq , killing Saddam Hussein 's sons Uday and Qusay , along with Mustapha Hussein , Qusay's 14-year-old son, and a bodyguard.2005 – Jean Charles de Menezes is killed by police as the hunt begins for the London Bombers responsible for the 7 July 2005 London bombings and the 21 July 2005 London bombings .2011 – Norway attacks : First a bomb blast which targeted government buildings in central Oslo , followed by a massacre at a youth camp on the island of Utøya .2012 – Syrian civil war : The People's Protection Units (YPG) captured the cities of Serê Kaniyê and Dirbêsiyê , during clashes with pro-government forces in Al-Hasakah .[5] 2013 – Dingxi earthquakes : A series of earthquakes in Dingxi , China , kills at least 89 people and injures more than 500 others.2019 – Chandrayaan 2 , the second lunar exploration mission developed by Indian Space Research Organisation after Chandrayaan 1 is launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in a GSLV Mark III M1. It consists of a lunar orbiter, and also included the Vikram lander , and the Pragyan lunar rover.[6] Pre-1600 [ edit ] 1210 – Joan of England, Queen of Scotland (d. 1238)1437 – John Scrope, 5th Baron Scrope of Bolton , English Baron (d. 1498)1476 – Zhu Youyuan , Ming Dynasty politician (d. 1519)1478 – Philip I of Castile (d. 1506)1531 – Leonhard Thurneysser , scholar and elector of Brandenburg (d. 1595)1535 – Katarina Stenbock , queen of Gustav I of Sweden (d. 1621)1552 – Anthony Browne , Sheriff of Surrey and Kent (d. 1592)1552 – Mary Wriothesley, Countess of Southampton , Lady of English peer and others (d. 1607)
1559 – Lawrence of Brindisi , Italian priest and saint (d. 1619)1601-1900 [ edit ] 1615 – Marguerite of Lorraine , princess of Lorraine, duchess of Orléans (d. 1672)1618 – Johan Nieuhof , Dutch traveler (d. 1672)1621 – Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury , English politician, Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom (d. 1683)1630 – Madame de Brinvilliers , French aristocrat (d. 1676)1647 – Margaret Mary Alacoque , French nun, mystic and saint (d. 1690)1651 – Ferdinand Tobias Richter , Austrian organist and composer (d. 1711)1711 – Georg Wilhelm Richmann , German-Russian physicist and academic (d. 1753)1713 – Jacques-Germain Soufflot , French architect, designed the Panthéon (d. 1780)1733 – Mikhail Shcherbatov , Russian philosopher and historian (d. 1790)1755 – Gaspard de Prony , French mathematician and engineer (d. 1839)1784 – Friedrich Bessel , German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1846)1820 – Oliver Mowat , Canadian politician, 3rd Premier of Ontario , 8th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (d. 1903)[7] 1839 – Jakob Hurt , Estonian theologist and linguist (d. 1907)1844 – William Archibald Spooner , English priest and scholar (d. 1930)1848 – Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1914)1849 – Emma Lazarus , American poet and educator (d. 1887)1856 – Octave Hamelin , French philosopher (d. 1907)1862 – Cosmo Duff-Gordon , Scottish fencer (d. 1931)1863 – Alec Hearne , English cricketer (d. 1952)1878 – Janusz Korczak , Polish pediatrician and author (d. 1942)1881 – Augusta Fox Bronner , American psychologist, specialist in juvenile psychology (d. 1966)1882 – Edward Hopper , American painter and etcher (d. 1967)1884 – Odell Shepard , American poet and politician, 66th Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut (d. 1967)1886 – Hella Wuolijoki , Estonian-Finnish author (d. 1954)1887 – Gustav Ludwig Hertz , German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)1888 – Kirk Bryan , American geologist and academic (d. 1950)1888 – Selman Waksman , Jewish-American biochemist and microbiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
1889 – James Whale , English director (d. 1957)1890 – Rose Kennedy , American philanthropist (d. 1995)1892 – Jack MacBryan , English cricketer and field hockey player (d. 1983)1893 – Jesse Haines , American baseball player and coach (d. 1978)1893 – Karl Menninger , American psychiatrist and author (d. 1990)
1895 – León de Greiff , Colombian poet, journalist, and diplomat (d. 1976)1898 – Stephen Vincent Benét , American poet, short story writer, and novelist (d. 1943)1899 – Sobhuza II of Swaziland (d. 1982)1901-present [ edit ] 1908 – Amy Vanderbilt , American author (d. 1974)1909 – Licia Albanese , Italian-American soprano and actress (d. 2014)1909 – Dorino Serafini , Italian racing driver (d. 2000)
1910 – Ruthie Tompson , American animator and artist1913 – Gorni Kramer , Italian bassist, songwriter, and bandleader (d. 1995)1915 – Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah , Indian-Pakistani politician and diplomat (d. 2000)1916 – Gino Bianco , Brazilian racing driver (d. 1984)1916 – Marcel Cerdan , French boxer (d. 1949)
1921 – William Roth , American lawyer and politician (d. 2003)1923 – Bob Dole , American soldier, lawyer, and politician1923 – César Fernández Ardavín , Spanish director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012)
1924 – Margaret Whiting , American singer (d. 2011)1925 – Jack Matthews , American author, playwright, and academic (d. 2013)1925 – Joseph Sargent , American actor, director, and producer (d. 2014)
1926 – Bryan Forbes , English actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)1926 – Wolfgang Iser , German scholar, literary theorist (d. 2007)
1927 – Johan Ferner , Norwegian sailor (d. 2015)1928 – Orson Bean , American actor (d. 2020)1928 – Jimmy Hill , English footballer, manager, and sportscaster (d. 2015)
1929 – John Barber , English racing driver (d. 2015)1929 – Leonid Stolovich , Russian-Estonian philosopher and academic (d. 2013)
1929 – Neil Welliver , American painter (d. 2005)
1929 – Baselios Thomas I , Indian bishop
1931 – Leo Labine , Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2005)1932 – Oscar de la Renta , Dominican-American fashion designer (d. 2014)1932 – Tom Robbins , American novelist
1934 – Junior Cook , American saxophonist (d. 1992)1934 – Louise Fletcher , American actress
1934 – Leon Rotman , Romanian canoeist[8]
1935 – Tom Cartwright , English-Welsh cricketer and coach (d. 2007)1936 – Don Patterson , American organist (d. 1988)1936 – Harold Rhodes , English cricketer
1936 – Geraldine Claudette Darden , American mathematician
1937 – Chuck Jackson , American R&B singer and songwriter1937 – Yasuhiro Kojima , Japanese-American wrestler and manager (d. 1999)
1937 – John Price , English cricketer
1937 – Vasant Ranjane , Indian cricketer (d. 2011)
1938 – Terence Stamp , English actor1940 – Judith Walzer Leavitt , American historian and academic1940 – Alex Trebek , Canadian-American game show host and producer (d. 2020)[9]
1941 – Estelle Bennett , American singer (d. 2009)1941 – Vaughn Bodē , American illustrator (d. 1975)
1941 – George Clinton , American singer-songwriter and producer
1941 – David M. Kennedy , American historian and author
1942 – Michael Abney-Hastings, 14th Earl of Loudoun , English-Australian politician (d. 2012)1942 – Peter Habeler , Austrian mountaineer and skier
1942 – Les Johns , Australian rugby league player and coach
1943 – Masaru Emoto , Japanese author and activist (d. 2014)1943 – Kay Bailey Hutchison , American lawyer and politician
1943 – Bobby Sherman , American singer-songwriter and actor
1944 – Rick Davies , English singer-songwriter and keyboard player1944 – Sparky Lyle , American baseball player and manager
1944 – Anand Satyanand , New Zealand lawyer, judge, and politician, 19th Governor-General of New Zealand
1945 – Philip Cohen , English biochemist and academic1946 – Danny Glover , American actor, director, and producer1946 – Paul Schrader , American director and screenwriter
1946 – Rolando Joven Tria Tirona , Filipino archbishop
1946 – Johnson Toribiong , Palauan lawyer and politician, 7th President of Palau
1947 – Albert Brooks , American actor, comedian, director, and screenwriter1947 – Gilles Duceppe , Canadian politician
1947 – Don Henley , American singer-songwriter and drummer
1948 – S. E. Hinton , American author[10] 1949 – Alan Menken , American pianist and composer1949 – Lasse Virén , Finnish runner and police officer
1951 – Richard Bennett , American guitarist and producer1951 – J. V. Cain , American football player (d. 1979)
1951 – Patriarch Daniel of Romania
1953 – Brian Howe , English singer-songwriter1954 – Al Di Meola , American guitarist, songwriter, and producer1954 – Steve LaTourette , American lawyer and politician (d. 2016)
1954 – Lonette McKee , American actress and singer
1954 – Ingrid Daubechies , Belgian physicist and mathematician
1955 – Richard J. Corman , American businessman, founded the R.J. Corman Railroad Group (d. 2013)1955 – Willem Dafoe , American actor
1956 – Mick Pointer , English neo-progressive rock drummer1956 – Scott Sanderson , American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2019)
1957 – Dave Stieb , American baseball player1958 – Tatsunori Hara , Japanese baseball player and coach1958 – David Von Erich , American wrestler (d. 1984)
1960 – Jon Oliva , American singer-songwriter and keyboard player1961 – Calvin Fish , English racing driver and sportscaster1961 – Keith Sweat , American singer-songwriter and producer
1962 – Alvin Robertson , American basketball player1962 – Martine St. Clair , Canadian singer and actress
1963 – Emilio Butragueño , Spanish footballer1963 – Emily Saliers , American singer-songwriter and musician
1964 – Will Calhoun , American rock drummer1964 – Bonnie Langford , English actress and dancer
1964 – John Leguizamo , Colombian-American actor, producer, and screenwriter
1964 – David Spade , American actor, producer, and screenwriter
1965 – Derrick Dalley , Canadian educator and politician1965 – Shawn Michaels , American wrestler, trainer, and actor
1965 – Richard B. Poore , New Zealand humanitarian
1965 – Doug Riesenberg , American football player and coach
1966 – Tim Brown , American football player and manager1967 – Lauren Booth , English journalist and activist1967 – Rhys Ifans , Welsh actor[11]
1969 – Despina Vandi , German-Greek singer and actress1970 – Jason Becker , American guitarist and songwriter1970 – Steve Carter , Australian rugby league player
1970 – Sergei Zubov , Russian ice hockey player and coach
1972 – Franco Battaini , Italian motorcycle racer[12] 1972 – Colin Ferguson , Canadian actor, director, and producer
1972 – Seth Fisher , American illustrator (d. 2006)
1972 – Keyshawn Johnson , American football player and sportscaster
1973 – Brian Chippendale , American singer and drummer1973 – Mike Sweeney , American baseball player and sportscaster
1973 – Ece Temelkuran , Turkish journalist and author
1973 – Rufus Wainwright , American-Canadian singer-songwriter[13]
1974 – Franka Potente , German actress1977 – Ezio Galon , Italian rugby player1977 – Ingo Hertzsch , German footballer
1977 – Gustavo Nery , Brazilian footballer
1978 – Runako Morton , Nevisian cricketer (d. 2012)1978 – Dennis Rommedahl , Danish footballer
1979 – Lucas Luhr , German racing driver1979 – Yadel Martí , Cuban baseball player
1980 – Dirk Kuyt , Dutch footballer1980 – Kate Ryan , Belgian singer-songwriter
1980 – Tablo , South Korean-Canadian rapper
1982 – Nuwan Kulasekara , Sri Lankan cricketer1983 – Aldo de Nigris , Mexican footballer1983 – Dries Devenyns , Belgian cyclist
1983 – Steven Jackson , American football player
1983 – Andreas Ulvo , Norwegian pianist
1984 – Stewart Downing , English footballer1985 – Jessica Abbott , Australian swimmer1985 – Takudzwa Ngwenya , Zimbabwean-American rugby player
1985 – Akira Tozawa , Japanese wrestler
1986 – Stevie Johnson , American football player1986 – Colin de Grandhomme , Zimbabwean-New Zealand cricketer[14]
1987 – Denis Gargaud Chanut , French slalom canoeist[15] 1987 – Charlotte Kalla , Swedish skier
1988 – William Buick , Norwegian-British flat jockey1988 – Paul Coutts , Scottish footballer
1988 – Thomas Kraft , German footballer
1988 – Sercan Temizyürek , Turkish footballer
1989 – Keegan Allen , American actor, photographer and musician1991 – Matty James , English footballer1992 – Anja Aguilar , Filipino actress and singer1992 – Selena Gomez , American singer and actress
1992 – Carolin Schnarre , German Paralympic equestrian[16]
1993 – Dzhokhar Tsarnaev , Kyrgyzstani-American terrorist1994 – Jaz Sinclair , American film and television actress1995 – Ezekiel Elliott , American football player1995 – Armaan Malik , Indian playback singer, composer and songwriter
1996 – Skyler Gisondo , American actor1998 – Sahaphap Wongratch , Thai actor, model, and singer[17] 2002 – Prince Felix of Denmark 2013 – Prince George of Cambridge Pre-1600 [ edit ] 698 – Wu Chengsi , nephew of Chinese sovereign Wu Zetian 1258 – Meinhard I, Count of Gorizia-Tyrol (b. c. 1200)1274 – Henry I of Navarre , Count of Champagne and Brie and King of Navarre 1298 – Sir John de Graham , Scottish soldier at the Battle of Falkirk1362 – Louis, Count of Gravina (b. 1324)1376 – Simon Langham , Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1310)1387 – Frans Ackerman , Flemish politician (b. 1330)1461 – Charles VII of France (b. 1403)1525 – Richard Wingfield , English courtier and diplomat, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1426)1540 – John Zápolya , Hungarian king (b. 1487)1550 – Jorge de Lencastre, Duke of Coimbra (b. 1481)1581 – Richard Cox , English bishop (b. 1500)1601-1900 [ edit ] 1619 – Lawrence of Brindisi , Italian priest and saint (b. 1559)1645 – Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares , Spanish statesman (b. 1587)1676 – Pope Clement X (b. 1590)1726 – Hugh Drysdale , English-American politician, Colonial Governor of Virginia 1734 – Peter King, 1st Baron King , English lawyer and politician, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1669)1789 – Joseph Foullon de Doué , French politician, Controller-General of Finances (b. 1715)1802 – Marie François Xavier Bichat , French anatomist and physiologist (b. 1771)1824 – Thomas Macnamara Russell , English admiral1826 – Giuseppe Piazzi , Italian mathematician and astronomer (b. 1746)1832 – Napoleon II , French emperor (b. 1811)1833 – Joseph Forlenze , Italian ophthalmologist and surgeon (b. 1757)1864 – James B. McPherson , American general (b. 1828)1869 – John A. Roebling , German-American engineer, designed the Brooklyn Bridge (b. 1806)1901-present [ edit ] 1902 – Mieczysław Halka-Ledóchowski , Polish cardinal (b. 1822)1903 – Cassius Marcellus Clay , American publisher, lawyer, and politician, United States Ambassador to Russia (b. 1810)1904 – Wilson Barrett , English actor and playwright (b. 1846)1906 – William Snodgrass , Canadian minister and academic (b. 1827)1908 – Randal Cremer , English politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1828)1915 – Sandford Fleming , Scottish-Canadian engineer and inventor, developed Standard time (b. 1827)1916 – James Whitcomb Riley , American poet and author (b. 1849)1918 – Indra Lal Roy , Indian lieutenant and first Indian fighter aircraft pilot (b. 1898)1920 – William Kissam Vanderbilt , American businessman and horse breeder (b. 1849)1922 – Jōkichi Takamine , Japanese-American chemist and academic (b. 1854)1932 – J. Meade Falkner , English author and poet (b. 1858)1932 – Reginald Fessenden , Canadian inventor and academic (b. 1866)
1932 – Errico Malatesta , Italian activist and author (b. 1853)
1932 – Flo Ziegfeld , American actor and producer (b. 1867)
1934 – John Dillinger , American gangster (b. 1903)1937 – Ted McDonald , Australian cricketer and footballer (b. 1891)1940 – George Fuller , Australian politician, 22nd Premier of New South Wales (b. 1861)1940 – Albert Young , American boxer and promoter (b. 1877)
1948 – Rūdolfs Jurciņš , Latvian basketball player (b. 1909)1950 – William Lyon Mackenzie King , Canadian economist and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1874)1958 – Mikhail Zoshchenko , Ukrainian-Russian soldier and author (b. 1895)1967 – Carl Sandburg , American poet and historian (b. 1878)1968 – Giovannino Guareschi , Italian journalist and cartoonist (b. 1908)1970 – George Johnston , Australian journalist and author (b. 1912)1974 – Wayne Morse , American lawyer and politician (b. 1900)1979 – J. V. Cain , American football player (b. 1951)1979 – Sándor Kocsis , Hungarian footballer and manager (b. 1929)
1986 – Floyd Gottfredson , American author and illustrator (b. 1905)1986 – Ede Staal , Dutch singer-songwriter (b. 1941)
1987 – Fahrettin Kerim Gökay , Turkish physician and politician, Turkish Minister of Health (b. 1900)1990 – Manuel Puig , Argentinian author, playwright, and screenwriter (b. 1932)1990 – Eduard Streltsov , Soviet footballer (b. 1937)
1992 – David Wojnarowicz , American painter, photographer, and activist (b. 1954)1995 – Harold Larwood , English-Australian cricketer (b. 1904)1996 – Rob Collins , English keyboard player (b. 1956)1998 – Fritz Buchloh , German footballer and coach (b. 1909)2000 – Eric Christmas , English-born Canadian actor (b. 1916)2000 – Carmen Martín Gaite , Spanish author, poet, and playwright (b. 1925)
2000 – Raymond Lemieux , Canadian chemist and academic (b. 1920)
2000 – Claude Sautet , French director and screenwriter (b. 1924)
2001 – Indro Montanelli , Italian journalist and historian (b. 1909)2004 – Sacha Distel , French singer and guitarist (b. 1933)2004 – Illinois Jacquet , American saxophonist and composer (b. 1922)
2005 – Eugene Record , American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1940)2006 – Dika Newlin , American composer, singer-songwriter, and pianist (d. 1923)2006 – José Antonio Delgado , Venezuelan mountaineer (b. 1965)
2007 – Mike Coolbaugh , American baseball player and coach (b. 1972)2007 – Jarrod Cunningham , New Zealand rugby player (b. 1968)
2007 – László Kovács , Hungarian-American director and cinematographer (b. 1933)
2007 – Rollie Stiles , American baseball player (b. 1906)
2008 – Estelle Getty , American actress (b. 1923)2009 – Richard M. Givan , American lawyer and judge (b. 1921)2009 – Peter Krieg , German director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1947)
2010 – Kenny Guinn , American banker and politician, 27th Governor of Nevada (b. 1936)2011 – Linda Christian , Mexican-American actress (b. 1923)2011 – Cees de Wolf , Dutch footballer (b. 1945)
2012 – Ding Guangen , Chinese engineer and politician (b. 1929)2012 – George Armitage Miller , American psychologist and academic (b. 1920)
2012 – Frank Pierson , American director and screenwriter (b. 1925)
2013 – Natalie de Blois , American architect, co-designed the Lever House (b. 1921)2013 – Dennis Farina , American policeman and actor (b. 1944)
2013 – Lawrie Reilly , Scottish footballer (b. 1928)
2013 – Rosalie E. Wahl , American lawyer and judge (b. 1924)
2014 – Johann Breyer , German SS officer (b. 1925)2014 – Louis Lentin , Irish director and producer (b. 1933)
2014 – Nitzan Shirazi , Israeli footballer and manager (b. 1971)
2018 – Frank Havens , American canoeist (b. 1924)[18] Holidays and observances [ edit ] References [ edit ]
^ Das verflixte "Genua-Tief" Neue Zürcher Zeitung , 2008-08-25, archived from the original on 2011-12-30, retrieved 2016-02-12 ^ Olmo, Guillermo D. (2011-07-19). "La derrota más amarga del Ejército español" . ABC . Retrieved 2018-09-06 . ^ Furió, Antoni (1995). Història del País Valencià (in Catalan). Valencia: Edicions Alfons el Magnànim. pp. 597–598. ISBN 84-7822-159X ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-321B N417PA Papeete-Faaa Airport (PPT), Tahiti" . aviation-safety.net . Aviation Safety Network . Retrieved 2021-07-21 . ^ Abdulmajid, Adib (22 July 2012). "Armed Kurds Surround Syrian Security Forces in Qamishli" . Rudaw . Amsterdam . Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012 . ^ "Chandrayaan 2" . Chandrayaan2 Home - ISRO .^ Romney, Paul (1994). "Mowat, Sir Oliver" . In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography ^ "Leon Rotman" . International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 24 April 2020 .^ https://www.amp.cnn.com/cnn/2020/11/08/entertainment/alex-trebek-jeopardy-host-death-trnd/index.html
^ "Hinton, Susan Eloise" . The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture . Oklahoma Historical Society. Retrieved 22 July 2020 .^ Editors of Chase's (30 September 2018). Chase's Calendar of Events 2019: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months ISBN 978-1-64143-264-1 CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link ) ^ "MotoGP Riders" . MotoGP. Retrieved 9 July 2020 .^ Katherine Williams; Justin A. Williams (25 February 2016). The Cambridge Companion to the Singer-Songwriter ISBN 978-1-107-06364-8 ^ "Colin de Grandhomme" . Cricinfo . Retrieved 2020-07-21 .^ "Denis Gargaud Chanut" . International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 7 June 2020 .^ "Carolin Schnarre - Team Deutschland Paralympics" . www.teamdeutschland-paralympics.de (in German). Retrieved 9 March 2020 .^ "ประวัติ "มิกซ์ สหภาพ" สัตวแพทย์หนุ่มหน้าใส Cute Boy จาก จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย" . www.sanook.com (in Thai). Retrieved 21 July 2021 .^ "Frank Havens" . International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 24 April 2020 .
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