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| B–side = "Signe"
| B–side = "Signe"
| Released = 1992
| Released = 1992
| Format = CD single
| Format = 7" vinyl · CD single · download
| Recorded = [[Bray Studios (UK)|Bray Studios]], [[Bray, Berkshire]] 16 January 1992
| Recorded = {{start date|1992|01|16}}
| Genre = [[Acoustic blues]], [[blues-rock]]
| Genre = [[Acoustic blues]] · [[blues-rock]] · [[Pop music|pop]]
| Length = 4:46
| Length = 4:46
| Label = [[Reprise Records|Reprise]]
| Label = [[Reprise Records|Reprise]]
| Writer = [[Eric Clapton]]/[[Jim Gordon (musician)|Jim Gordon]]
| Writer = Eric Clapton · Jim Gordon
| Producer = [[Russ Titelman]]
| Producer = [[Russ Titelman]]
| Reviews =
* ''Allmusic'' [http://wc05.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=33:a9fqxzw5ldae link]
}}
}}


====Recording====
In 1992 Clapton was invited to play for the [[MTV Unplugged]] series. His subsequent album, ''[[Unplugged (Eric Clapton album)|Unplugged]]'', featured a number of blues standards and his new song "[[Tears in Heaven]]". It also featured an "unplugged" version of "Layla". The new arrangement slowed down and reworked the original riff and dispensed with the piano coda. Clapton introduced this version to the unsuspecting live audience by stating "See if you can spot this one."<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |url={{Allmusic|class=song|id=t1448335 |pure_url=yes}} |title=Layla |work=AllMusic |publisher=Rovi Corporation |accessdate=2 January 2011}}</ref> This version climbed to #12 on the US pop chart, but failed to chart in Britain. It won the 1992 [[Grammy Award for Best Rock Song]], beating out "[[Smells Like Teen Spirit]]" by [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], one of the ten biggest upsets in Grammy history, according to ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''.<ref>{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Endelman | year=2007| title=Grammy's 10 Biggest Upsets | format=http | work=EW.com | url=http://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,1567466_20010834_20010795_1,00.html | accessdate=13 February 2007}}</ref>
In 1992, Clapton was invited to play for the [[MTV Unplugged]] series. The British Rock musician [[Unplugged (Eric Clapton album)|recorded the album]] and filmed a concert film on January 16, 1992 at the [[Bray Studios (UK)|Bray Studios]] in [[Bray, Berkshire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whereseric.com/eric-clapton-discography/eric-clapton-solo-audio-recordings-live-all-recordings-ordered-release-da-0|title=Eric Clapton – Solo Audio Recordings (Live) / Unplugged|work=Where's Eric! The Eric Clapton Fan Club Magazine|publisher=Whereseric.com|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref> For the album, Clapton decided to record both new material like "[[Tears in Heaven]]" and "Lonely Stranger" and old songs he grew up on like "[[Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out]]" or enjoyed listening or had written as a grown man like "[[San Francisco Bay Blues]]" and "Layla".<ref>{{cite book|first=Eric|last=Clapton|title=Mein Leben|trans_title=My Life|language=de|edition=3|publisher=[[Kiepenheuer & Witsch]]|location=Cologne, Germany|page=266}}</ref> Clapton who played acoustic guitar and sings on the live track, was backed by [[Andy Fairweather Low]] who played acoustic rhythm guitar, [[Nathan East]] on acoustic bass guitar and background vocals, [[Ray Cooper]] on percussion, [[Steve Ferrone]] on drums, [[Mac and Katie Kissoon|Katie Kissoon]] and [[Tessa Niles]] on background vocals as well as [[Chuck Leavell]] on piano.<ref>{{cite web|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen Thomas|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/mw0000081583/credits|title=MTV Unplugged – Eric Clapton &#124; Credits &#124; AllMusic|work=AllMusic|publisher=Rovi Corporation|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref> The acoustic version of "Layla" was produced by [[Russ Titelman]].


====Composition====
;Personnel (''Unplugged'' version)
When Clapton was asked about his acoustic take on the tune, he replied: "'Layla' sort of mystified me. I have done it the same all these years and never ever considered trying to revamp it. And a lot of artists do that, you know? [[Bob Dylan]] for instance changes everything everytime he plays it and I thought this was another great opportunity to just take it off on a different path, to put it to a shuffle and for a start, making it acoustic denied all the riffs really. They would have sounded a bit weak I think on the acoustic guitar, so it just seemed to become Jazzier somehow. And of course, I'm singing it a whole octave down. So it gives it a nice kind of atmosphere."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ueT6h6qMtFo|title=Eric Clapton Unplugged EPK|work=Eric Clapton|publisher=YouTube.com|date=September 26, 2013|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref> The new arrangement slowed down and reworked the original riff and dispensed with the piano coda. Clapton introduced this version to the unsuspecting live audience by stating: "See if you can spot this one."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZV7akaSo0s|title=Eric Clapton – Layla (Unplugged)|work=Warner Bros. Records|publisher=YouTube|date=December 9, 2009|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Eric Clapton]]&nbsp;– acoustic lead guitar, lead vocals

* [[Ray Cooper]]&nbsp;– percussion
====Reception====
* [[Nathan East]]&nbsp;– acoustic bass guitar, background vocals
''AllMusic'' critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine reviewed, "Layla" seemed to be the ''Unplugged'' album's hit which the critic discribes as a "slow crawl through Derek & the Dominos'
* [[Andy Fairweather Low]]&nbsp;– acoustic rhythm guitar
'Layla', turning that anguished howl of pain into a cozy shuffle and the whole album proceeds at a similar amiable gait, taking its time and enjoying detours into old blues standards."<ref>{{cite web|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen Thomas|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/mw0000081583|title=MTV Unplugged – Eric Clapton &#124; Songs, Reviews, Credits &#124; AllMusic|work=AllMusic|publisher=Rovi Corporation|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Steve Ferrone]]&nbsp;– drums

* [[Mac and Katie Kissoon|Katie Kissoon]]&nbsp;– background vocals
It won the 1992 [[Grammy Award for Best Rock Song]], beating out "[[Smells Like Teen Spirit]]" by [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], one of the ten biggest upsets in Grammy history, according to ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''.<ref>{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Endelman | year=2007| title=Grammy's 10 Biggest Upsets | format=http | work=EW.com | url=http://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,1567466_20010834_20010795_1,00.html | accessdate=13 February 2007}}</ref>
* [[Chuck Leavell]]&nbsp;– piano

* [[Tessa Niles]]&nbsp;– background vocals
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

====Weekly charts====
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Chart (1992–93)
!Peak<br/>position
|-
!scope="row"|[[ARIA Charts|Australian Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Eric+Clapton&titel=Layla+%28Acoustic%29&cat=s|title=Eric Clapton – Layla (Acoustic)|work=ARIA Charts|publisher=Steffen Hung – Hung Medien|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|7
|-
!scope="row"|[[VRT Top 30|Belgium Flanders 30 Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radio2.be/top-30/artiest/1083|title=Radio2 Top 30 Artiest: Eric Clapton|work=VRT Charts|publisher=Radio 2|language=nl|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|22
|-
!scope="row"|[[Ultratop|Belgium Flanders 50 Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/song/9e5/Eric-Clapton-Layla-(Acoustic)|title=Eric Clapton – Layla (Acoustic)|work=Ultratop|publisher=Steffen Hung – Hung Medien|language=nl|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|19
|-
!scope="row"|[[RPM (magazine)|Canadian Adult Contemporary]]<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.1874&type=1&interval=20&PHPSESSID=mhe12pta2k83e08udtq66ot062|title=RPM Adult Contemporary Tracks|work=RPM Magazine|publisher=Library and Archives Canada|volume=56|number=22|date=November 28, 1992|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|4
|-
!scope="row"|[[RPM (magazine)|Canadian Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.1897&type=1&interval=20&PHPSESSID=mhe12pta2k83e08udtq66ot062|title=RPM 100 Hit Tracks & Where To Find Them|work=RPM Magazine|publisher=Library and Archives Canada|volume=56|number=19|date=November 7, 1992|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|1
|-
!scope="row"|[[Hitlisten|Danish Singles Chart]]
|9
|-
!scope="row"|[[GfK Entertainment Charts|German Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/titel-details-2533|title=Eric Clapton – Layla (Acoustic)|work=GfK Entertainment|publisher=Offizielle Deutsche Charts|language=de|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|35
|-
!scope="row"|[[Association of Hungarian Record Companies|Hungarian Singles Chart]]
|5
|-
!scope="row"|[[Irish Singles Chart]]<ref name="IRMA">{{cite web|url=http://irishcharts.ie/search/placement?page=1&placement%5Btitle%5D=Layla|title=The Irish Charts – All there is to know|work=Irish Recording Music Association|publisher=Fireball Media|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|20
|-
!scope="row"|[[Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana|Italian Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Armani|first=Luciano|date=December 2008|title=Premi della FIMI italiana|trans-title=FIMI certifications|language=it|location=Milan, Italy|page=23}}</ref>
|8
|-
!scope="row"|[[Oricon|Japanese Singles Chart]]<ref name="Oricon">{{cite book|first=Ren|last=Tatsaku|title=The Oricon Sales Report|date=December 2011|location=Tokyo, Japan|publisher=Oricon Style – Recording Industry Association of Japan|language=ja}}</ref>
|1
|-
!scope="row"|[[Single Top 100|Netherlands 100 Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Eric+Clapton&titel=Layla+%28Acoustic%29&cat=s|title=Eric Clapton – Layla (Acoustic)|work=Dutch Charts|publisher=Steffen Hung – Hung Medien|language=nl|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|8
|-
!scope="row"|[[Dutch Top 40|Netherlands 40 Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.top40.nl/eric-clapton/eric-clapton-layla-acoustic_9547|title=Eric Clapton – Layla (Acoustic) &#124; Top 40|work=GfK Entertainment|publisher=Stichting Nederlandse Top 40|language=nl|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|4
|-
!scope="row"|[[Recorded Music NZ|New Zealand Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.charts.org.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=Derek+%26+The+Dominos&titel=Layla&cat=s|title=Eric Clapton – Layla (Acoustic)|work=[[Official New Zealand Music Chart]]|publisher=Steffen Hung – Hung Medien|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|3
|-
!scope="row"|[[Lista Przebojów Programu Trzeciego|Polish Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lp3.polskieradio.pl/utwor/artykul4608,97_layla.aspx|title=Eric Clapton – Layla|work=Lista Przebojów Programu Trzeciego|publisher=Nowe Media, Polskie Radio S.A.|language=pl|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|3
|-
!scope="row"|[[Sverigetopplistan|Swedish Singles Chart]]
|9
|-
!scope="row"|[[Swiss Hitparade|Swiss Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swisscharts.com/song/Eric-Clapton/Layla-(Acoustic)-2533|title=Eric Clapton – Layla (Acoustic)|work=Swiss Hitparade|publisher=Steffen Hung – Hung Medien|language=de|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|28
|-
!scope="row"|[[UK Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/singles-chart/19920927/7501/|title=Official Singles Chart Top 75|work=Official Charts Company|publisher=Official Charts|date=September 27, 1992|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|45
|-
!scope="row"|[[Billboard Hot 100|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/301809/Eric+Clapton/chart?f=379|title=Eric Clapton – Chart history [Billboard Hot 100]|work=Billboard Magazine|publisher=Prometheus Global Media|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|12
|-
!scope="row"|[[Mainstream Rock (chart)|US ''Billboard'' Mainstream Rock]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/301809/Eric+Clapton/chart?f=376|title=Eric Clapton – Chart history [Mainstream Rock]|work=Billboard Magazine|publisher=Prometheus Global Media|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|9
|-
!scope="row"|[[Billboard charts|US ''Billboard'' Pop Songs]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/301809/Eric%20Clapton/chart?f=381|title=Eric Clapton – Chart history [Pop Songs]|work=Billboard Magazine|publisher=Prometheus Global Media|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|4
|-
!scope="row"|[[Billboard Radio Monitor|US ''Billboard'' Radio Airplay]]<ref name="Hawtin">{{cite web|first=Steve|last=Hawtin|url=http://tsort.info/music/pqzsqn.htm|title=Eric Clapton Hit Songs > Layla (Unplugged)|work=MediaSentry, Billboard Magazine|publisher=Tsort.info|location=United States|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|7
|-
!scope="row"|[[Cash Box charts|US ''Cash Box'' Singles]]<ref>{{cite web|first=Randy|last=Price|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008000755/http://cashboxmagazine.com/archives/90s_files/19921205.html|title=Cash Box Top 100 Pop Singles|work=Cash Box Magazine|publisher=Cashboxmagazine.com|date=December 5, 1992|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|7
|}
{{col-2}}

====Year-end charts====
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Chart (1992)
!Position
|-
!scope="row"|[[RPM Year-End|Canadian Adult Contemporary]]<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.1824&type=1&interval=50&PHPSESSID=mhe12pta2k83e08udtq66ot062|title=The RPM Top 100 Adult Contemporary Tracks of 1992|work=RPM Magazine|publisher=Library and Archives Canada|volume=56|number=25|date=December 19, 1992|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|27
|-
!scope="row"|[[Hitlisten|Danish Singles Chart]]
|19
|-
!scope="row"|[[GfK Entertainment Charts|German Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chartsurfer.de/musik/single-charts-deutschland/jahrescharts/hits-1992-2x4.html|title=Hits 1992 Deutschland &#124; Single-Charts &#124; Top 100 Auswertung|trans_title=1992 Year-end Single Chart – Germany|work=GfK Entertainment|publisher=Chartsurfer.de|language=de|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|196
|-
!scope="row"|[[Oricon|Japanese Singles Chart]]<ref name="Oricon"/>
|25
|-
!scope="row"|[[Single Top 100|Netherlands 100 Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.top40.nl/pdf/Top%20100/top%20100%20-%201992.pdf|title=Single Top 100 Over 1992|work=Dutch Charts|publisher=Dutch Top 40|language=nl|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|40
|-
!scope="row"|[[Dutch Top 40|Netherlands 40 Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.top40web.nl/jaarlijsten/jr1992.html|title=Top 40 Jaargang 28, 1992|work=GfK Entertainmet|publisher=Dutch Top 40|language=nl|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|40
|-
!scope="row"|[[Recorded Music NZ|New Zealand Singles Chart]]<ref>{{first=William J.|last=Fuld|title=The New Zealand Charts – A Red Chart?|edition=2|year=1998|publisher=Fuld Pressings}}</ref>
|52
|-
!scope="row"|[[Swiss Hitparade|Swiss Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chartsurfer.de/musik/single-charts-schweiz/jahrescharts/hits-1992-2x3.html|title=Hits 1992 Schweiz &#124; Single-Charts &#124; Top 100 Auswertung|trans_title=1992 Year-end Single Chart – Switzerland|work=GfK Entertainment|publisher=Chartsurfer.de|language=de|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|144
|-
!scope="row"|[[Billboard Hot 100|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chartsurfer.de/musik/single-charts-usa/jahrescharts/hits-1992-2x2.html|title=Hits 1992 USA &#124; Single-Charts &#124; Top 100 Auswertung|trans_title=1992 Year-end Single Chart – United States|work=Nielsen SoundScan|publisher=Chartsurfer.de|language=de|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>
|88
|-
!scope="row"|[[Billboard Radio Monitor|US ''Billboard'' Radio Airplay]]<ref name="Hawtin"/>
|83
|}

====Certifications====
{{Certification Table Top}}
{{Certification Table Entry|type=single|region=Australia|award=Gold|relyear=1992|certref=<ref>{{cite news|url=http://australianfuncountdowns.blogspot.de/2010/01/accreditation-awards.html|title=Australian single certifications – Eric Clapton – Layla (Acoustic)|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>}}
{{Certification Table Entry|type=single|region=Belgium|award=Gold|relyear=1992|certref=}}
{{Certification Table Entry|type=single|region=Canada|award=Platinum|salesamount=100,000|certref=<ref>{{cite news|url=https://musiccanada.wordpress.com/?s=Clapton|title=Canadian single certifications – Eric Clapton – Layla (Acoustic)|publisher=[[Canadian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>}}
{{Certification Table Entry|type=single|region=Denmark|award=Platinum|salesamount=8,000|certref=}}
{{Certification Table Entry|type=single|region=Japan|award=Gold|relyear=1992|certref=<ref name="Oricon"/>}}
{{Certification Table Entry|type=single|region=Venezuela ([[Association of Venezuelan Phonograph Producers|APFV]])|award=Gold|salesamount=15,000<sup>*</sup>|certref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://recordsales.2xik.com/The-first-blog-b1/CERTIFICACIONES-DE-VENEZUELA-2013-b1-p4.htm|title=Venezuelan single certifications – Eric Clapton – Layla (Acoustic)|publisher=[[Association of Venezuelan Phonograph Producers]]|language=es|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>}}
!colspan="3"|Digital sales
|-
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|nocert=yes|salesamount=230,000|salesref=<ref>{{cite journal|first=Chris|last=Morris|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/00s/2003/BB-2003-08-02.pdf|title=Online Music|work=Billboard Magazine|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|volume=115|number=31|page=36|issn=0006-2510|date=August 2, 2003|accessdate=December 29, 2015}}</ref>}}
{{Certification Table Bottom|nounspecified=yes}}
{{col-end}}


==Charts and certifications==
==Charts and certifications==

Revision as of 18:27, 29 December 2015

This article is about the song. For the name, see Leila (name). For the tale, see Layla and Majnun. For other Ayla (disambiguation), see Layla (disambiguation).
"Layla"
Song

"Layla" is a song written by Eric Clapton and Jim Gordon, originally released by their blues rock band Derek and the Dominos, as the thirteenth track from their album Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs (November 1970). Its famously contrasting movements were composed separately by Clapton and Gordon.

The song was inspired by the classical poet of Persian literature, Nizami Ganjavi's The Story of Layla and Majnun, a copy of which Ian Dallas had given to Clapton. The book moved Clapton profoundly, as it was the tale of a young man who fell hopelessly in love with a beautiful, unavailable woman and who went crazy because he could not marry her.[1][2] In his autobiography, Clapton states, "Ian Dallas told me the tale of Layla and Manjun [sic], a romantic Persian love story in which a young man, Manjun [sic], falls passionately in love with the beautiful Layla, but is forbidden by her father to marry her and goes crazy with desire."[3] The song was further inspired by Clapton's then unrequited love for Pattie Boyd, the wife of his friend and fellow musician George Harrison of The Beatles.

"Layla" was unsuccessful on its initial release.[4] The song has since experienced great critical and popular acclaim, and is often hailed as being among the greatest rock songs of all time. Two versions have achieved chart success, the first in 1972 and the second (without the piano coda) 20 years later as an acoustic Unplugged performance by Clapton. In 2004, "Layla" was ranked number 27 on Rolling Stone's list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time", and the acoustic version won the 1993 Grammy Award for Best Rock Song.

Background

In 1966 George Harrison married Pattie Boyd, a model he met during the filming of A Hard Day's Night. During the late 1960s, Clapton and Harrison became close friends. Clapton contributed uncredited guitar work on Harrison's song "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" on The Beatles' White Album, and Harrison co-wrote and played guitar pseudonymously (as L'Angelo Misterioso) on Cream's "Badge" from Goodbye. However, between his tenures in Cream and Blind Faith, Clapton fell in love with Boyd.[5][page needed]

The title, "Layla", was inspired by the story of Layla and Majnun, by the 12th-century Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi.[6] When he wrote "Layla", Clapton had been told the story by his friend Ian Dallas,[5] who was in the process of converting to Islam. Nizami's tale, about a moon princess who was married off by her father to a man she didn't love, resulting in Majnun's madness, struck a deep chord with Clapton.[7]

Boyd divorced Harrison in 1977 and married Clapton in 1979 during a concert stop in Tucson, Arizona.[8][9] Harrison was not bitter about the divorce and attended Clapton's wedding party with Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney.[10] During their relationship, Clapton wrote another love ballad for Pattie called "Wonderful Tonight" (1977).[11] Clapton and Boyd divorced in 1988 after several years of separation.[12]

Writing and recording

After the breakup of Cream, Clapton tried his hand with several groups, including Blind Faith and the husband-and-wife duo Delaney and Bonnie. In the spring of 1970, he was told that some members of Delaney and Bonnie's backup band, notably bassist Carl Radle, drummer Jim Gordon, and keyboardist Bobby Whitlock, were leaving the group. Seizing the opportunity, Clapton formed a new group, which became Derek and the Dominos.[13]

During the recording of the album, Duane Allman joined Clapton's fledgling band as a guest. Clapton and Allman, already mutual fans, were introduced at an Allman Brothers concert by Tom Dowd.[14][time needed] The two hit it off well and soon became good friends. Dowd said of their guitar-playing chemistry: "There had to be some sort of telepathy going on because I've never seen spontaneous inspiration happen at that rate and level. One of them would play something, and the other reacted instantaneously. Never once did either of them have to say, 'Could you play that again, please?' It was like two hands in a glove. And they got tremendously off on playing with each other."[15] Dowd was already famous for a variety of work and had worked with Clapton in his Cream days (Clapton once called him "the ideal recording man"); his work on the album would be another achievement. For the making of his biographical film Tom Dowd and the Language of Music, he remixed the original master tapes of "Layla,"[16] saying, "There are my principles, in one form or another."[14][time needed]

Clapton originally wrote "Layla" as a ballad, with lyrics describing his unrequited love for Pattie Boyd, but the song became a "rocker" when Allman reportedly composed the song's signature riff.[15] With the band assembled and Dowd producing, "Layla" was recorded in its original form. The recording of the first section consisted of sixteen tracks of which six guitar tracks: a rhythm track by Clapton, three tracks of harmonies played by Clapton (the main power chord riff on both channels and two harmonies against that main riff, one on the left channel and one on the right channel), a track of solos by Allman (fretted solos with bent notes during the verses and a slide solo during the outro[17]), and one track with both Allman and Clapton playing duplicate solos (the 7-note "signature" riff doubled in two octaves and the 12-note "signature" riff doubled in unison).[15][18] While recording this duplicate solos master track each player used one input of the same two-input Fender Champ amplifier.[17]

Shortly afterward, Clapton returned to the studio, where he heard Jim Gordon playing a piano piece he had composed separately. Clapton, impressed by the piece, convinced Gordon to allow it to be used as part of the song.[13] Though only Gordon has been officially credited with this part, Whitlock claimed, "Jim took that piano melody from his ex-girlfriend Rita Coolidge. I know because in the D&B days I lived in John Garfield's old house in the Hollywood Hills and there was a guest house with an upright piano in it. Rita and Jim were up there in the guest house and invited me to join in on writing this song with them called 'Time.' ... Her sister Priscilla wound up recording it with Booker T. Jones. ... Jim took the melody from Rita's song and didn't give her credit for writing it. Her boyfriend ripped her off."[19] "Time" ended up on the album Chronicles by Booker T. and Priscilla Jones which was released in 1973.

"Layla's" second movement was recorded roughly a week after the first, with Gordon playing his piano part, Clapton playing acoustic guitar and slide guitar, and Allman playing electric and bottleneck slide guitar.[15][18] After Dowd spliced the two movements together,[15] "Layla" was complete.


File:Layla riff.PNG
The opening five bars to the guitar part of "Layla"


Due to the circumstances of its composition, "Layla" is defined by two movements, each marked by a riff. The first movement, which was recorded in the key of D minor for choruses and C-sharp minor for verses,[20] is centred around the "signature riff", a guitar piece utilising hammer-ons, pull-offs, and power chords. The second part of the riff is commonly believed to have originated from Allman, an adaptation of the vocal melody from Albert King's "As the Years Go Passing By" from 1967's album Born Under a Bad Sign.[21] The first section contains the overdub-heavy slide guitar solo, played by Allman. By placing his slide at points beyond the end of the fretboard, Allman was able to play notes at a higher pitch than could be played with standard technique. Dowd referred to this as "notes that aren't on the instrument!"[14][time needed]

The second movement, Jim Gordon's contribution, is commonly referred to as the "piano coda."[22] Originally played in C major, the tape speed of the coda was increased slightly during mixing. The resulting pitch is somewhere between C and C sharp. The piano interlude at the end of the song is augmented by an acoustic guitar, and is also the accompaniment to the outro-solo. The same melody is played on Allman's slide guitar, albeit one octave higher. Gordon does not improvise or deviate from the piano part; Clapton and Allman are the ones who improvise the melody. The song ends with Allman playing his signature high-pitched "bird call" on his slide guitar.[15]

As Clapton commented on his signature song:[23]

'Layla' is a difficult one, because it's a difficult song to perform live. You have to have a good complement of musicians to get all of the ingredients going, but when you've got that. ... It's difficult to do as a quartet, for instance, because there are some parts you have to play and sing completely opposing lines, which is almost impossible to do. If you've got a big band, which I will have on the tour, then it will be easy to do something like 'Layla'—and I'm very proud of it. I love to hear it. It's almost like it's not me. It's like I'm listening to someone that I really like. Derek and The Dominos was a band I really liked—and it's almost like I wasn't in that band. It's just a band that I'm a fan of. Sometimes, my own music can be like that. When it's served its purpose to being good music, I don't associate myself with it any more. It's like someone else. It's easy to do those songs then.

Or, as his inspiration, Pattie Boyd, once said, "I think that he was amazingly raw at the time... He's such an incredible musician that he's able to put his emotions into music in such a way that the audience can feel it instinctively. It goes right through you."[24]

Personnel

Beyond the original album

The album Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs opened to lacklustre sales as the album never acutally reached the music charts in Great Britain, possibly in part because Clapton's name was found only on the back cover. In addition, the song's length proved prohibitive for radio airplay.[4] As a result an edited version of the song, trimmed to 2:43, was released as a single in March 1971 by Atco Records in the United States. The version peaked at #51 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. When "Layla" was re-released on the 1972 compilation The History of Eric Clapton and then released as a single, it charted at number seven in the United Kingdom and reached position ten in the United States. With good sales figures, the Billboard magazine was able to rank the Rock single as the 60th best-selling song in 1972.[25]

In 1982 "Layla" was re-released as a single in the United Kingdom, and peaked at number four. This time the whole seven-minute single charted, containing the trailing two-thirds which is instrumental only. Critical opinion since has been overwhelmingly positive. Dave Marsh, in The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock and Roll, wrote that "there are few moments in the repertoire of recorded rock where a singer or writer has reached so deeply into himself that the effect of hearing them is akin to witnessing a murder or a suicide... to me 'Layla' is the greatest of them."[4] Marsh listed "Layla" at number 156 in his The Heart of Rock & Soul: The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made.[26]

In May 1980, "Layla" was covered by the London Symphony Orchestra, but without the lyrics, being recorded at EMI Studio One, Abbey Road, London.[27] A similar version has been performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra.[28] On 20 September 1983 a benefit show called the ARMS Charity Concert for Multiple Sclerosis at the Royal Albert Hall in London featured a jam with Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, and Jimmy Page performing "Layla".[29] Clapton, Beck, and Page were the Yardbirds' successive lead guitarists from 1963 to 1968.[30]

In 2003 the Allman Brothers Band began playing the song in concert. Warren Haynes sang the vocal, Gregg Allman played the piano part, and Derek Trucks played Duane Allman's guitar parts during the coda. The performances were seen as a tribute not only to Allman, but also to producer Tom Dowd, who had died the previous year.[31] Eric Clapton recorded yet a third version. "Layla" appears as track seven on Play the Blues: Live from Jazz at Lincoln Center.[32] Personnel on this version include Wynton Marsalis ( vocals, trumpet), Eric Clapton ( vocals, guitar), Victor Goines ( clarinet), Marcus Printup (trumpet), Chris Crenshaw (trombone, vocals), Don Vappie (banjo), Chris Stainton (keyboards), Dan Nimmer ( piano), Carlos Henriquez ( bass), and Ali Jackson ( drums).

Unplugged version

"Layla"
Song

Recording

In 1992, Clapton was invited to play for the MTV Unplugged series. The British Rock musician recorded the album and filmed a concert film on January 16, 1992 at the Bray Studios in Bray, Berkshire.[33] For the album, Clapton decided to record both new material like "Tears in Heaven" and "Lonely Stranger" and old songs he grew up on like "Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out" or enjoyed listening or had written as a grown man like "San Francisco Bay Blues" and "Layla".[34] Clapton who played acoustic guitar and sings on the live track, was backed by Andy Fairweather Low who played acoustic rhythm guitar, Nathan East on acoustic bass guitar and background vocals, Ray Cooper on percussion, Steve Ferrone on drums, Katie Kissoon and Tessa Niles on background vocals as well as Chuck Leavell on piano.[35] The acoustic version of "Layla" was produced by Russ Titelman.

Composition

When Clapton was asked about his acoustic take on the tune, he replied: "'Layla' sort of mystified me. I have done it the same all these years and never ever considered trying to revamp it. And a lot of artists do that, you know? Bob Dylan for instance changes everything everytime he plays it and I thought this was another great opportunity to just take it off on a different path, to put it to a shuffle and for a start, making it acoustic denied all the riffs really. They would have sounded a bit weak I think on the acoustic guitar, so it just seemed to become Jazzier somehow. And of course, I'm singing it a whole octave down. So it gives it a nice kind of atmosphere."[36] The new arrangement slowed down and reworked the original riff and dispensed with the piano coda. Clapton introduced this version to the unsuspecting live audience by stating: "See if you can spot this one."[37]

Reception

AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine reviewed, "Layla" seemed to be the Unplugged album's hit which the critic discribes as a "slow crawl through Derek & the Dominos' 'Layla', turning that anguished howl of pain into a cozy shuffle and the whole album proceeds at a similar amiable gait, taking its time and enjoying detours into old blues standards."[38]

It won the 1992 Grammy Award for Best Rock Song, beating out "Smells Like Teen Spirit" by Nirvana, one of the ten biggest upsets in Grammy history, according to Entertainment Weekly.[39]

Charts and certifications

Legacy

By the late 1980s and early 1990s, the song had become iconic, and it is featured on a number of "greatest ever" lists. The song was chosen by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of their "500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll", and Rolling Stone ranked the song at #27 on their list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".[116]

References

Footnotes
  1. ^ McKeen, William (2000). Rock and roll is here to stay: an anthology. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 127. Clapton poured all he had into Layla's title track, which was inspired by the Persian love story he had read, the story of Layla and Majnun.
  2. ^ Santoro, Gene (1995). Dancing in Your Head: Jazz, Blues, Rock, and Beyond. Oxford University Press US. p. 62. At the time, he started to read The story of Layla and Majnun by the Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi
  3. ^ Clapton, Eric. Clapton: The Autobiography. New York: Broadway Books, 2007 at p. 107.
  4. ^ a b c Paul Gambaccini et al. Derek and the Dominoes (sic) – Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs. Retrieved 6 July 2005.
  5. ^ a b Clapton, Eric (2007). Clapton: The Autobiography. New York: Broadway Books. ISBN 978-0-385-51851-2.
  6. ^ "Neẓāmī". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 14 June 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  7. ^ Patterson, Jean (Autumn 1998). "Crazy About "Layla": Eric Clapton Song Inspired by Nizami, 12th century Azerbaijani Poet". Azerbaijan International. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
  8. ^ Boyd, Pattie. Wonderful Tonight. Google Books. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
  9. ^ Pattie Boyd (11 August 2007). "'I'd pray Eric would pass out and not touch me': Part 2 of Pattie Boyd's sensational autobiography". Daily Mail. Retrieved 2 February 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  10. ^ Edna Gundersen (10 April 2007). "Clapton doesn't sing the blues in autobiography". USA Today. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  11. ^ Tony Grassi (31 July 2011). "Pattie Boyd: The Woman Behind Eric Clapton's "Wonderful Tonight"". Guitar World. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  12. ^ Claire Suddath (28 September 2010). "George Harrison, Eric Clapton and Pattie Boyd". Time. Retrieved 2 February 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  13. ^ a b Williamson, Nigel. "Derek and The Dominos – Layla & Other Assorted..." Retrieved 14 June 2011.
  14. ^ a b c Moormann, Mark (2003). Tom Dowd and the Language of Music. New York: Force Entertainment. OCLC 225191912.
  15. ^ a b c d e f "100 Greatest Guitar Solos: 14.) Layla (Eric Clapton, Duane Allman)". Guitar World. 28 October 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
  16. ^ Derek, Halsey. "Tom Dowd: The Legendary Producer Dies on 27 October 2002". Gritz. Archived from the original on 10 February 2005. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
  17. ^ a b Guitar Player Magazine, July 1985, pp. 71–72, ToneQuest Report, January–February 2010, Vol. 11, No. 3.
  18. ^ a b Original Criteria studio Track Identification Chart
  19. ^ "Layla's 40th: The Where's Eric! Interview With Bobby Whitlock".
  20. ^ Perrin, Jeff; Clapton, Eric (1996). The Best of Eric Clapton: A Step-by-Step Breakdown of His Playing Technique. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard. ISBN 978-0-7935-5801-8.
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  23. ^ Hrano, Mike. "Eric Clapton – The Mike Hrano Interview". Retrieved 14 June 2011.
  24. ^ Leopold, Todd (3 February 2005). "Harrison, Clapton, and their muse". CNN. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
  25. ^ Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1972
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  52. ^ "Eric Clapton – Layla". Lista Przebojów Programu Trzeciego (in Polish). Nowe Media, Polskie Radio S.A. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
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  58. ^ a b Hawtin, Steve. "Eric Clapton Hit Songs > Layla (Unplugged)". MediaSentry, Billboard Magazine. United States: Tsort.info. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  59. ^ Price, Randy (5 December 1992). "Cash Box Top 100 Pop Singles". Cash Box Magazine. Cashboxmagazine.com. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
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  68. ^ NO certyear WAS PROVIDED for BELGIAN CERTIFICATION.
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  70. ^ "Danish single certifications". IFPI Danmark. Scroll through the page-list below to obtain certification.
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Bibliography
  • Ray Coleman, Clapton! (Warner Books, 1985) pp. 179–192
  • Jan Reid, Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs by Derek and the Dominos (Rock of Ages, 2007)

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