869: Difference between revisions
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Added details of Al-Mu'tazz (Muslim caliph |
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{{Year nav|869}} |
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[[File:Edmundbeingmartyred05.jpg|{{Largethumb}}|right|Death of king [[Edmund the Martyr]] (right)]] |
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Year '''869''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCCCLXIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. |
Year '''869''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCCCLXIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. |
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==== Arabian Empire ==== |
==== Arabian Empire ==== |
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* The [[Zanj Rebellion]]: The [[Zanj]] (black [[Slavery|slaves]] from [[East Africa]]), provoked by mercilessly harsh labor conditions in [[Salt pan (geology)|salt flats]] and on the sugar and [[Plantation|cotton plantation]]s of southwestern [[Persia]], revolt |
* The [[Zanj Rebellion]]: The [[Zanj]] (black [[Slavery|slaves]] from [[East Africa]]), provoked by mercilessly harsh labor conditions in [[Salt pan (geology)|salt flats]] and on the sugar and [[Plantation|cotton plantation]]s of southwestern [[Persia]], revolt. |
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* Summer – Caliph [[Al-Mu'tazz]] is murdered by mutinous Muslim troops after a 3-year reign. He is succeeded by [[Al-Muhtadi]] (a grandson of former [[Al-Mu'tasim]]) as ruler of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]]. |
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==== Japan ==== |
==== Japan ==== |
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* [[May 26]] – An [[869 Sanriku earthquake|earthquake and tsunami]] devastate a large part of the [[Sanriku]] coast on the northeastern side of the island of [[Honshu]]. |
* [[May 26]] – An [[869 Sanriku earthquake|earthquake and tsunami]] devastate a large part of the [[Sanriku]] coast on the northeastern side of the island of [[Honshu]]. |
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==== Mesoamerica ==== |
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* Stela 11, the last monument ever erected at [[Tikal]], is dedicated by ruler (''[[ajaw]]'') [[Jasaw Chan K'awiil II]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Martin, Simon |authorlink=Simon Martin (Mayanist)|author2=[[Nikolai Grube]] |year=2000 |title=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya |location=London and New York |publisher=[[Thames & Hudson]] |isbn=0-500-05103-8 |oclc=47358325}}</ref> |
* '''Stela 11''', the last monument ever erected at [[Tikal]], is dedicated by ruler (''[[ajaw]]'') [[Jasaw Chan K'awiil II]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Martin, Simon |authorlink=Simon Martin (Mayanist)|author2=[[Nikolai Grube]] |year=2000 |title=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya |location=London and New York |publisher=[[Thames & Hudson]] |isbn=0-500-05103-8 |oclc=47358325}}</ref> |
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=== By topic === |
=== By topic === |
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==== Religion ==== |
==== Religion ==== |
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* The [[Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic) |
* The [[Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic)|Fourth Council of Constantinople]] is called by Basil I and pope [[Pope Adrian II|Adrian II]]. The council condemnes [[Photios I of Constantinople|Photius I]] and deposes him as [[patriarch]]. His predecessor [[Ignatios of Constantinople|Ignatius]] is reinstated.<ref>Karl Rahner (2004). ''Encyclopedia of Theology'', p. 389. ISBN 0-86012-006-6.</ref> |
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</onlyinclude> |
</onlyinclude> |
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== Births == |
== Births == |
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* [[Emperor Yōzei]] of Japan |
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* [[January 2]] – [[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]], emperor of [[Japan]] (d. [[949]]) |
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== Deaths == |
== Deaths == |
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* [[ |
* [[Al-Jahiz]], Afro-Muslim [[Scholarly method|scholar]] and writer (or [[868]] |
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* [[Al-Mu'tazz]], Muslim [[caliph]] (b. [[847]]) |
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* [[February 14]] – [[Saints Cyril and Methodius|Cyril]], Byzantine [[missionary]] and bishop |
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* [[Dongshan Liangjie]], Chinese [[Chan Buddhism|Buddhist]] teacher (b. [[807]]) |
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* [[Ermentrude of Orléans]], queen of the [[Francia|Franks]] (b. [[823]]) |
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* [[Leuthard II of Paris|Leuthard II]], Frankish [[Count of Paris|count]] (or [[858]]) |
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* [[August 8]] – [[Lothair II]], king of [[Lotharingia]] (b. [[835]]) |
* [[August 8]] – [[Lothair II]], king of [[Lotharingia]] (b. [[835]]) |
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* [[Yu Xuanji]], Chinese [[Chinese poetry|poet]] (or [[868]]) |
* [[Yu Xuanji]], Chinese [[Chinese poetry|poet]] (or [[868]]) |
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Revision as of 23:50, 9 June 2016
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 869 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 869 DCCCLXIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 1622 |
| Armenian calendar | 318 ԹՎ ՅԺԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5619 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 790–791 |
| Bengali calendar | 276 |
| Berber calendar | 1819 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1413 |
| Burmese calendar | 231 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6377–6378 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊子年 (Earth Rat) 3566 or 3359 — to — 己丑年 (Earth Ox) 3567 or 3360 |
| Coptic calendar | 585–586 |
| Discordian calendar | 2035 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 861–862 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4629–4630 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 925–926 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 790–791 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3969–3970 |
| Holocene calendar | 10869 |
| Iranian calendar | 247–248 |
| Islamic calendar | 255–256 |
| Japanese calendar | Jōgan 11 (貞観１１年) |
| Javanese calendar | 766–767 |
| Julian calendar | 869 DCCCLXIX |
| Korean calendar | 3202 |
| Minguo calendar | 1043 before ROC 民前1043年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −599 |
| Seleucid era | 1180/1181 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1411–1412 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳土鼠年 (male Earth-Rat) 995 or 614 or −158 — to — 阴土牛年 (female Earth-Ox) 996 or 615 or −157 |
Year 869 (DCCCLXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Summer – Emperor Basil I allies with the Frankish emperor Louis II against the Saracens. He sends a Byzantine fleet—of 400 ships (according to the Annales Bertiniani)—under the command of admiral Nicetas to support Louis who is besieging the city port of Bari and to clear the Adriatic Sea of Muslim raids.[1]
- The Hagia Sophia in Constantinople suffers great damage during an earthquake, which makes the eastern half-dome collapse. Basil I orders the basilica (church) to be repaired.
Europe
- August 8 – King Charles the Bald tries to take Lotharingia, kingdom of Lothair II after the latter's death, but is resisted by his brother Louis the German.
Britain
- The Danes led by Viking chieftain Ivar the Boneless 'make peace' with the Mercians (by accepting Danegeld). He leaves Nottingham on horseback and returns to York.[2]
- Autumn –The Great Heathen Army led by Ivar he Boneless and Ubba invades East Anglia and plunder Peterborough. The Vikings take up winter quarters at Thetford.
- November 20 – King Edmund the Martyr and his East Anglian army is destroyed by the Vikings. He is captured, tortured, beaten and used as archery practice.[3]
Arabian Empire
- The Zanj Rebellion: The Zanj (black slaves from East Africa), provoked by mercilessly harsh labor conditions in salt flats and on the sugar and cotton plantations of southwestern Persia, revolt.
- Summer – Caliph Al-Mu'tazz is murdered by mutinous Muslim troops after a 3-year reign. He is succeeded by Al-Muhtadi (a grandson of former Al-Mu'tasim) as ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate.
Japan
- May 26 – An earthquake and tsunami devastate a large part of the Sanriku coast on the northeastern side of the island of Honshu.
Mesoamerica
- Stela 11, the last monument ever erected at Tikal, is dedicated by ruler (ajaw) Jasaw Chan K'awiil II.[4]
By topic
Religion
- The Fourth Council of Constantinople is called by Basil I and pope Adrian II. The council condemnes Photius I and deposes him as patriarch. His predecessor Ignatius is reinstated.[5]
Births
- Muhammad al-Mahdi, Muslim Twelver Shī‘ah Imām
- January 2 – Yōzei, emperor of Japan (d. 949)
Deaths
- Al-Jahiz, Afro-Muslim scholar and writer (or 868
- Al-Mu'tazz, Muslim caliph (b. 847)
- February 14 – Cyril, Byzantine missionary and bishop
- Dongshan Liangjie, Chinese Buddhist teacher (b. 807)
- November 20 – Edmund the Martyr, king of East Anglia
- Ermentrude of Orléans, queen of the Franks (b. 823)
- Leuthard II, Frankish count (or 858)
- August 8 – Lothair II, king of Lotharingia (b. 835)
- Yu Xuanji, Chinese poet (or 868)
References
- ^ Kreutz, p. 43.
- ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, pp. 32–33. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
- ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 36. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
- ^ Martin, Simon; Nikolai Grube (2000). Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05103-8. OCLC 47358325.
- ^ Karl Rahner (2004). Encyclopedia of Theology, p. 389. ISBN 0-86012-006-6.