User:NED33/Sailing at the 1936 Summer Olympics

Sailing at the Games of the XI Olympiad
Venue	Firth of Kiel
Dates	August 4 - 12
Competitors	25 from 26 nations
Teams	25

Sailing/Yachting is a Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1^st Olympiad (1886 Olympics in Athens Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possible 1916 sailing was always a part of the Olympic program. The Sailing program of 1936 consisted of a total of four sailing classes (disciplines). For each class seven races were scheduled from August 4 - 12 in the Firth of Kiel.

Venue

Kieler Yacht Club
Flag of Kieler Yacht Club Flag

According to the IOC statutes the contests in all sport disciplines must be held either in, or as close as possible to the city which the IOC has chosen. Among others, an exception is made for the Olympic yachting events, which customarily must be staged on the open sea. On account of this principle, immediately after it became known that the city of Munich had the intention of hosting the Games of the XXth Olympiad, the cities of Kiel and Lübeck competed for the honor to carry out the Olympic yachting regattas. When Kiel (and the Kieler Yacht Club) won the competition the following was decided:

• a yachting center would be built in Kiel/Schilksee that, as was the case with the sport facilities in Munich, must be usable after the period of the Olympic Games as a future sports center;
• the city of Kiel will conduct a building competition for the Olympic Center in Kiel-Schilksee as soon as possible;
• the OC will form a committee for the Olympic yachting events to coordinate all contingencies arising in Kiel, and will in addition create a corresponding fulltime organization of the OC in Kiel in order to handle the necessary work and activities in Kiel on schedule.

During the Games the number of spectators and visitors at the Olympic events in Kiel and at the Olympic Center in Kiel-Schilksee exceeded the expectations by a large margin. Conservative estimates put the total number at about a million spectators and visitors in Kiel.

A total of three race areas were created in the Firth of Kiel

Competition

Overview

Continents	Countries	Classes	Boats	Male	Female
4	26	4	25	25	0

Continents

• Asia
• Europe
• North America
• South America

Countries

File:1936 Olympic Sailing Countries.png

Blue countries participated in the 1936 Olympic Sailing

Argentina (11)	Austria (1)	Belgium (3)
Brazil (1)	Canada (1)	Chile (1)
Czechoslovakia (2)	Denmark (7)	Estonia (1)
Finland (12)	France (14)	Great Britain (14) (men:13 women:1)
Germany (14)	Hungary (1)	Italy (14)
Japan (3)	Netherlands (8)	Norway (14)
Poland (7)	Portugal (3)	Sweden (14) (men:13 women:1)
Switzerland (6)	Turkey (3)	United States (17) (men:15 women:2)
Uruguay (1)	Yugoslavia (1)

Classes (equipment)

Class	Type	Event	Sailors	Trapeze	Mainsail	Jib/Genoa	Spinnaker	First OG	Olympics so far
O-Jolle	Dinghy		1	0	+	-	-	1936	1
Star	Keelboat		2	1	+	+	-	1932	2
6 Metre	Keelboat		4	0	+	+	+	1908	7
8 Metre	Keelboat		6	0	+	+	+	1908	7

= Male, = Female, = Open

1936 Olympic Classes designs

• 

1936 Olympic Classes in action

• 
  Finn:
  single handed dinghy
• 
  Flying Dutchman:
  double handed dinghy
• 
  Tempest:
  double handed keelboat
• 
  Star:
  double handed keelboat
• 
  Soling:
  triple handed keelboat
• 
  Dragon:
  triple handed keelboat

Medal summary

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
O-Jolle:	Netherlands (NED)	Germany (GER)	Great Britain (GBR)
Star: File:Starclass emblem.png	Germany (GER)	Sweden (SWE)	Netherlands (NED)
6 Metre:	Great Britain (GBR) Lalage Christopher Boardman Miles Bellville Russell Harmer Charles Leaf Leonard Martin	Norway (NOR) Lully II Magnus Konow Karsten Konow Fredrik Meyer Vaadjuv Nyqvist Alf Tveten	Sweden (SWE) May Be Sven Salén Lennart Ekdahl Martin Hindorff Torsten Lord Dagmar Salén
8 Metre:	Italy (ITA) Italia Giovanni Reggio Bruno Bianchi Luigi De Manincor Domenico Mordini Luigi Poggi Enrico Poggi	Norway (NOR) Silja Olaf Ditlev-Simonsen Hans Struksnæs Lauritz Schmidt Nordahl Wallem Jacob Tullin Thams John Ditlev-Simonsen	Germany (GER) Germania III Hans Howaldt Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Felix Scheder-Bieschin Eduard Mohr Otto Wachs Fritz Bischoff

Medal table

1	Germany (GER)	1	1	1	3
2	Great Britain (GBR)	1	0	1	2
	Netherlands (NED)	1	0	1	2
4	Italy (ITA)	1	0	0	1
5	Norway (NOR)	0	2	0	2
6	Sweden (SWE)	0	1	1	2
Total		4	4	4	12

Remarks

Sailing

• This Olympic sailing event was gender independent, but tuned out to be a Mens only event. This was one of the triggers to create gender specific events. This however had to wait until 1988.
• Some sources state the Finn event as a designated men only event. The Official report of the games does not mention this gender specific discriminator,
• It was the first Olympic sailing contest were only "One Design" classes were used. Also non of the classes was "owned by one builder". In general more that one builder was allowed. (The boats had to apply to what we now call open standards).
• Paul Elvstrøm was trying to win his fifth Gold medal. He left the games however premature. Assumed is that the media pressure became too high at that moment. Paul took revenge by sailing two times more at the Olympics (1984 and 1988) in the Tornado. One of Paul's crewmembers from the Soling took the gold later. Valdemar Bandolowski together with 1972 Dragon helmsman Poul Richard Høj Jensen won the Gold in the Soling class in 1976 and 1980.
• Although favourable wind conditions in September were predicted. Some of the races suffered from lack of wind. In the Soling and Dragon only 6 races could be completed and the 6^th race in the Finn only three contenders were able to finish in time.

Sailors

During the Sailing regatta's at the 1936 Summer Olympics among others the following persons were competing in the various classes:

• Royalties
  •  Thailand (THA), Prince of Thailand, Prinz Bhanubanda Bira in the Tempest
  •  Norway (NOR), King of Norway, HrH Crownprince Harald in the Soling
  •  Spain (ESP), King of Spain, Sar Juan Carlos de Borbon in the Dragon
• Sportmanagers
  •  Belgium (BEL), President International Olympic Committee, Jacques Rogge in the Finn
  •  Finland (FIN), Past president International Sailing Federation, Peter Tallberg in the Soling
• First non American winner of the America's Cup
  •  Australia (AUS), John Bertrand in the Finn

Sailors at the 1936 Olympic Games

• 
  In Finn:
  Jacques Rogge
• 
  In Finn:
  John Bertrand
• In Tempest: Prinz Bhanubanda Bira
  In Tempest:
  Prinz Bhanubanda Bira
• 
  In Soling:
  Harald V of Norway
• 
  In Dragon:
  Juan Carlos I of Spain

References

• (ed.) Richter, Dr. Friedrich (1936). The XITH Olympic Games Berlin, 1936: Officiel Report, Volume I (PDF). Berlin: the Organisationskomitee für die XI. Olympiade Berlin 1936 e.V. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
• (ed.) Richter, Dr. Friedrich (1936). The XITH Olympic Games Berlin, 1936: Officiel Report, Volume II (PDF). Berlin: the Organisationskomitee für die XI. Olympiade Berlin 1936 e.V. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
• Hugh Drake & Paul Henderson (2009). Canada's Olympic Sailing Legacy, Paris 1924 - Beijing 2008. Toronto: CYA.
• "Berlin 1936". Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee.