Jump to content

List of largest stars: Difference between revisions

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Undid revision 730376201 by Red Planet X (Hercolubus) (talk It's true but I cancelled this revision sorry)
Undid revision 730376572 by Space Infinite (talk)
Line 161: Line 161:
|
|
|<ref name="levesqueetal2005" /><ref name="mauron" />
|<ref name="levesqueetal2005" /><ref name="mauron" />
|-
|'''[[V366 Andromedae]]''' || '''913''' ||
|
|-
|-
|'''[[Antares|Antares A]]'''
|'''[[Antares|Antares A]]'''
Line 185: Line 188:
|
|
|<ref name="levesqueetal2005" />
|<ref name="levesqueetal2005" />
|-
|'''[[V1056 Orionis]]''' || '''780''' ||
|
|-
|'''[[R Cancri]]''' || '''780''' ||
|
|-
|-
|'''[[S Persei]]''' || '''780 (-1,230)''' || In the Perseus [[Double Cluster]].
|'''[[S Persei]]''' || '''780 (-1,230)''' || In the Perseus [[Double Cluster]].
Line 191: Line 200:
|'''[[SU Persei]]''' || '''780''' || In the Perseus [[Double Cluster]]
|'''[[SU Persei]]''' || '''780''' || In the Perseus [[Double Cluster]]
|<ref name="levesqueetal2005" />
|<ref name="levesqueetal2005" />
|-
|'''[[EV Leonis]]''' || '''780''' ||
|
|-
|'''[[EU Leonis]]''' || '''775''' ||
|
|-
|-
|'''[[RS Persei]]''' || '''740-800''' || In the Perseus [[Double Cluster]].
|'''[[RS Persei]]''' || '''740-800''' || In the Perseus [[Double Cluster]].
Line 198: Line 213:
|'''742'''
|'''742'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''[[FG Leonis]]''' || '''740''' ||
|
|-
|'''[[MY Virginis]]''' || '''735''' ||
|
|-
|'''[[V648 Cassiopeiae]]''' || '''720''' ||
|
|-
|'''[[PR Persei]]''' || '''715''' ||
|
|
|-
|-

Revision as of 17:02, 18 July 2016

Not to be confused with List of most massive stars.

Relative sizes of the planets in the Solar System and some of the largest stars: Not pictured: NML Cygni, UY Scuti
File:UY Scuti zoomed in, Rutherford Observatory, 07 September 2014.jpeg
UY Scuti as seen in visible light.

Below is a list of the largest stars so far discovered, ordered by radius. The unit of measurement used is the radius of the Sun (695,700 km; 432,288 mi).

The exact order of this list is not complete, nor is it perfectly defined:

  • There are sometimes high uncertainties in derived values and sizes;
  • The distances to most of these stars are uncertain to differing degrees and this uncertainty affects the size measurements;
  • All the stars in this list have extended atmospheres, many are embedded in mostly opaque dust shells or disks, and most pulsate, such that their radii are not well defined;
  • There are theoretical reasons for expecting that no stars in the Milky Way are larger than approximately 1,500 times the Sun, based on evolutionary models and the Hayashi instability zone. The exact limit depends on the metallicity of the star, so for example supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds have slightly different limiting temperature and luminosity. Stars exceeding the limit have been seen to undergo large eruptions and to change their spectral type over just a few months;
  • A survey of the Magellanic Clouds has catalogued most of the red supergiants and 44 of them are larger than the 700 solar radii cutoff point of this table, with the largest at 1,200–1,300.[1]

List

List of the largest stars
Star Solar radii
 (Sun = 1) 		Notes Ref.
UY Scuti 1,708 Margin of error in size determination: ± 192 solar radii. At its smallest, its size would be similar to that of V354 Cephei (see below). [2]
WOH G64 1,540 This would be the largest star in the LMC, but is unusual in position and motion and might still be a foreground halo giant. [3]
RW Cephei 1,535 RW Cep is variable both in brightness (by at least a factor of 3) and spectral type (observed from G8 to M), thus probably also in diameter. Because the spectral type and temperature at maximum luminosity are not known, the quoted size is just an estimate. [4][5]
Westerlund 1-26 1,530 Very uncertain parameters for an unusual star with strong radio emission. The spectrum is variable but apparently the luminosity is not. [6]
V354 Cephei 1,520 [7]
VY Canis Majoris 1,420 Previously thought to be a star so large that it contradicted stellar evolutionary theory, a newly improved measurement has brought it down to size. Margin of possible error: ± 120 solar radii. [8][9]
KY Cygni 1,420 (or 2,850?) KY Cygni is located in a region with heavy dust extinction, thus making it hard to determine its size. The quoted size is the value consistent with stellar evolutionary models, the true range may be larger. [7]
AH Scorpii 1,411 AH Sco is variable by nearly 3 magnitudes in the visual range, and an estimated 20% in total luminosity. The variation in diameter is not clear because the temperature also varies. [2]
VX Sagittarii 1,350 (-1,940) VX Sgr is a pulsating variable with a large visual range and varies significantly in size. [10]
HR 5171 A 1,315 HR 5171 A is a highly distorted star in a close binary system, losing mass to the secondary. [11]
SMC 18136 1,310 [1]
Mu Cephei 1,260 Herschel's "Garnet Star" [12]
IRC-10414 1,200 [13]
PZ Cassiopeiae 1,190 (-1,940) [14]
NML Cygni 1,183 NML Cyg is a semiregular variable star surrounded by a circumstellar nebula and is heavily obscured by dust extinction. [15]
EV Carinae 1,168 [16]
RT Carinae 1,090 [7]
V396 Centauri 1,070 [7]
HV 11423 1,060 (-1,220)
CK Carinae 1,060 [7]
VV Cephei A 1,050 VV Cep A is a highly distorted star in a binary system, losing mass to its B-type companion VV Cephei B for at least part of its orbit. Older estimates have given much larger sizes. [17]
V602 Carinae 1,050 [18]
KW Sagittarii 1,009 [2]
NR Vulpeculae 980 [7]
GCIRS 7 960 [19]
Betelgeuse 955 (-1,200) Alpha Orionis). Ninth brightest star in the night sky. [20]
BI Cygni 916 (-1,240) [7][10]
V366 Andromedae 913
Antares A 883 Alpha Scorpii A
Theta Muscae 878
BC Cygni 856 (-1,553) [7]
TZ Cassiopeiae 800
IX Carinae 790 [7]
V1056 Orionis 780
R Cancri 780
S Persei 780 (-1,230) In the Perseus Double Cluster. [7]
SU Persei 780 In the Perseus Double Cluster [7]
EV Leonis 780
EU Leonis 775
RS Persei 740-800 In the Perseus Double Cluster. [7]
T Cephei 742
FG Leonis 740
MY Virginis 735
V648 Cassiopeiae 720
PR Persei 715
CW Leonis 700
V382 Carinae 700 Yellow hypergiant, one of the rarest types of star.
The following well-known stars are listed for the purpose of comparison.
Star name Solar radii
(Sun = 1) 		Notes Ref.
RW Cygni 680 (-980) [7]
TV Geminorum 620-710 [7]
V509 Cassiopeiae 650 Yellow hypergiant, one of the rarest types of a star.
V1749 Cygni 620 (-1,040) [7]
CE Tauri ("Ruby Star") 601 Can be occulted by the Moon, allowing accurate determination of its apparent diameter.
V355 Cephei 535 [7][10]
R Leporis ("Hind's Crimson Star") 500 One of the largest carbon stars existent in the Milky Way.
Rho Cassiopeiae 450 A yellow hypergiant, one of the rarest types of a star.
Eta Carinae A (Tseen She) 60-800 Previously thought to be the most massive single star, but in 2005 it was realized to be a binary system
La Superba (Y Canum Venaticorum) 390 Currently one of the coolest and reddest stars.
V838 Monocerotis 380 Once topped to the list as one of the largest stars, after experiencing a nova outburst it gradually decreased in size.
R Doradus 370 Star with the second largest apparent size after the Sun.
Mira A (Omicron Ceti) 332-402 Prototype Mira variable
The Pistol Star 306 Blue hypergiant, currently among the most massive and luminous stars.
Alpha Herculis (Ras Algethi) 264-303
S Doradus 240 Prototype S Doradus variable
Deneb (Alpha Cygni) 203 19th brightest star in the night sky.
Peony Nebula Star 92 Candidate for most luminous star in the Milky Way.
Rigel A (Beta Orionis A) 78.9 Seventh brightest star in the night sky.
Canopus (Alpha Carinae) 71.4 Second brightest star in the night sky.
Aldebaran (Alpha Tauri) 44.2 [21]
R136a1 28.8 - 35.4 Also on the list as the most massive and luminous star.
HDE226868 21 The supergiant companion of black hole Cygnus X-1. The black hole is 500,000 times smaller than the star.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Levesque, E. M.; Massey, P.; Olsen, K. A. G.; Plez, B.; Meynet, G.; Maeder, A. (2006). "The Effective Temperatures and Physical Properties of Magellanic Cloud Red Supergiants: The Effects of Metallicity". The Astrophysical Journal. 645 (2): 1102. arXiv:astro-ph/0603596. Bibcode:2006ApJ...645.1102L. doi:10.1086/504417.
  2. ^ a b c Arroyo-Torres, B.; Wittkowski, M.; Marcaide, J. M.; Hauschildt, P. H. (2013). "The atmospheric structure and fundamental parameters of the red supergiants AH Scorpii, UY Scuti, and KW Sagittarii". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 554: A76. arXiv:1305.6179. Bibcode:2013A&A...554A..76A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220920.
  3. ^ Emily M. Levesque; Philip Massey; Bertrand Plez; Knut A. G. Olsen (June 2009). "The Physical Properties of the Red Supergiant WOH G64: The Largest Star Known?". Astronomical Journal. 137 (6): 4744. arXiv:0903.2260. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.4744L. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4744. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Humphreys, R. M. (1978). "Studies of luminous stars in nearby galaxies. I. Supergiants and O stars in the Milky Way". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 38: 309. Bibcode:1978ApJS...38..309H. doi:10.1086/190559.
  5. ^ Davies, Ben; Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter; Figer, Donald F. (2010). "The potential of red supergiants as extragalactic abundance probes at low spectral resolution". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 407 (2): 1203. arXiv:1005.1008. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.407.1203D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16965.x.
  6. ^ Wright, N. J.; Wesson, R.; Drew, J. E.; Barentsen, G.; Barlow, M. J.; Walsh, J. R.; Zijlstra, A.; Drake, J. J.; Eisloffel, J.; Farnhill, H. J. (16 October 2013). "The ionized nebula surrounding the red supergiant W26 in Westerlund 1". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 437 (1): L1–L5. arXiv:1309.4086. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.437L...1W. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slt127.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Levesque, E. M.; Massey, P.; Olsen, K. A. G.; Plez, B.; Josselin, E.; Maeder, A.; Meynet, G. (2005). "The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not as Cool as We Thought". The Astrophysical Journal. 628 (2): 973. arXiv:astro-ph/0504337. Bibcode:2005ApJ...628..973L. doi:10.1086/430901.
  8. ^ Wittkowski, M.; Hauschildt, P. H.; Arroyo-Torres, B.; Marcaide, J. M. (2012). "Fundamental properties and atmospheric structure of the red supergiant VY Canis Majoris based on VLTI/AMBER spectro-interferometry". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 540: L12. arXiv:1203.5194. Bibcode:2012A&A...540L..12W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219126.
  9. ^ Choi, Yoon Kyung; Hirota, Tomoya; Honma, Mareki; Kobayashi, Hideyuki; Bushimata, Takeshi; Imai, Hiroshi; Iwadate, Kenzaburo; Jike, Takaaki; Kameno, Seiji; Kameya, Osamu; Kamohara, Ryuichi; Kan-Ya, Yukitoshi; Kawaguchi, Noriyuki; Kijima, Masachika; Kim, Mi Kyoung; Kuji, Seisuke; Kurayama, Tomoharu; Manabe, Seiji; Maruyama, Kenta; Matsui, Makoto; Matsumoto, Naoko; Miyaji, Takeshi; Nagayama, Takumi; Nakagawa, Akiharu; Nakamura, Kayoko; Oh, Chung Sik; Omodaka, Toshihiro; Oyama, Tomoaki; Sakai, Satoshi; et al. (2008). "Distance to VY CMa with VERA". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 60 (5). Publications Astronomical Society of Japan: 1007. arXiv:0808.0641. Bibcode:2008PASJ...60.1007C. doi:10.1093/pasj/60.5.1007.
  10. ^ a b c Mauron, N.; Josselin, E. (2011). "The mass-loss rates of red supergiants and the de Jager prescription". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 526: A156. arXiv:1010.5369. Bibcode:2011A&A...526A.156M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201013993.
  11. ^ o. Chesneau; a. Meilland; e. Chapellier; f. Millour; a.m. Van Genderen; y. Naze; n. Smith; a. Spang; et al. (2014). "The yellow hypergiant HR 5171 A: Resolving a massive interacting binary in the common envelope phase". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 563: A71. arXiv:1401.2628. Bibcode:2014A&A...563A..71C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322421.
  12. ^ Josselin, E.; Plez, B. (2007). "Atmospheric dynamics and the mass loss process in red supergiant stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 469 (2): 671–680. arXiv:0705.0266. Bibcode:2007A&A...469..671J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066353.
  13. ^ Gvaramadze, V. V.; Menten, K. M.; Kniazev, A. Y.; Langer, N.; MacKey, J.; Kraus, A.; Meyer, D. M.-A.; Kamiński, T. (2014). "IRC -10414: A bow-shock-producing red supergiant star". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 437: 843. arXiv:1310.2245. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.437..843G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1943.
  14. ^ Kusuno, K.; Asaki, Y.; Imai, H.; Oyama, T. (2013). "Distance and Proper Motion Measurement of the Red Supergiant, Pz Cas, in Very Long Baseline Interferometry H2O Maser Astrometry". The Astrophysical Journal. 774 (2): 107. arXiv:1308.3580. Bibcode:2013ApJ...774..107K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/774/2/107.
  15. ^ De Beck, E.; Decin, L.; De Koter, A.; Justtanont, K.; Verhoelst, T.; Kemper, F.; Menten, K. M. (2010). "Probing the mass-loss history of AGB and red supergiant stars from CO rotational line profiles. II. CO line survey of evolved stars: Derivation of mass-loss rate formulae". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 523: A18. arXiv:1008.1083. Bibcode:2010A&A...523A..18D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913771.
  16. ^ Van Loon, J. Th.; Cioni, M.-R. L.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Loup, C. (2005). "An empirical formula for the mass-loss rates of dust-enshrouded red supergiants and oxygen-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 438: 273. arXiv:astro-ph/0504379. Bibcode:2005A&A...438..273V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042555.
  17. ^ Bauer, W. H.; Gull, T. R.; Bennett, P. D. (2008). "Spatial Extension in the Ultraviolet Spectrum of Vv Cephei". The Astronomical Journal. 136 (3): 1312. Bibcode:2008AJ....136.1312H. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/3/1312.
  18. ^ Arroyo-Torres, B.; Wittkowski, M.; Chiavassa, A.; Scholz, M.; Freytag, B.; Marcaide, J. M.; Hauschildt, P. H.; Wood, P. R.; Abellan, F. J. (2015). "What causes the large extensions of red supergiant atmospheres?. Comparisons of interferometric observations with 1D hydrostatic, 3D convection, and 1D pulsating model atmospheres". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 575: A50. arXiv:1501.01560. Bibcode:2015A&A...575A..50A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425212.
  19. ^ Paumard, T.; Pfuhl, O.; Martins, F.; Kervella, P.; Ott, T.; Pott, J.-U.; Le Bouquin, J. B.; Breitfelder, J.; Gillessen, S.; Perrin, G.; Burtscher, L.; Haubois, X.; Brandner, W. (2014). "GCIRS 7, a pulsating M1 supergiant at the Galactic centre. Physical properties and age". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 568 (85): A85. arXiv:1406.5320. Bibcode:2014A&A...568A..85P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423991.
  20. ^ Mohamed, S.; MacKey, J.; Langer, N. (2012). "3D simulations of Betelgeuse's bow shock". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A1. arXiv:1109.1555. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A...1M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118002.
  21. ^ Richichi, A.; Roccatagliata, V. (2005). "Aldebaran's angular diameter: how well do we know it?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 433: 305–312. arXiv:astro-ph/0502181. Bibcode:2005A&A...433..305R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041765.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_largest_stars&oldid=730376788"