Uprising in Vučitrn: Difference between revisions
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During the [[Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18]], after Austrian military success, Serb peasants rose up against Ottoman rule in the [[Sanjak of Vučitrn]], and also [[Novi Pazar]] and [[ |
During the [[Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18]], after Austrian military success, Serb peasants rose up against Ottoman rule in the [[Sanjak of Vučitrn]], and also [[Novi Pazar]] and [[Peć]] in 1717. The rebellion was brutally suppressed by Ottoman troops. |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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During the [[Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18]], Austrian forces aided by Serb volunteers penetrated into West Morava and [[Kingdom of Serbia (1718–39)|set up a new border there]].{{sfn|Bataković|1991|p=25}} The war resulted in renewed persecution against the [[Serbs|Serb population]] in [[Kosovo field|Kosovo]], [[Metohija]] and neighbouring regions.{{sfn|Bataković|1991|p=25}} The Ottomans relied on [[Albanians]] for securing their border regions with [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]], the Albanians becoming freed from the heaviest [[Taxation in the Ottoman Empire|duties]] in return.<ref name=PBM24-B25>{{harvnb|Petrović|Blagojević|Macura|1992|p=24}}, {{harvnb|Bataković|1991|p=25}}</ref> The Albanians had for years opposed accepting subject obligations, but now promised to defend the land from enemies and to fight bandits among themselves; in return they were exempt from paying the mining tribute for that year.{{sfn|Samardžić|1989|p=149}} However, they continued causing disorder and refused paying taxes.{{sfn|Samardžić|1989|p=149}} |
During the [[Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18]], Austrian forces aided by Serb volunteers penetrated into West Morava and [[Kingdom of Serbia (1718–39)|set up a new border there]].{{sfn|Bataković|1991|p=25}} The war resulted in renewed persecution against the [[Serbs|Serb population]] in [[Kosovo field|Kosovo]], [[Metohija]] and neighbouring regions.{{sfn|Bataković|1991|p=25}} The Ottomans relied on [[Albanians]] for securing their border regions with [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]], the Albanians becoming freed from the heaviest [[Taxation in the Ottoman Empire|duties]] in return.<ref name=PBM24-B25>{{harvnb|Petrović|Blagojević|Macura|1992|p=24}}, {{harvnb|Bataković|1991|p=25}}</ref> The Albanians had for years opposed accepting subject obligations, but now promised to defend the land from enemies and to fight bandits among themselves; in return they were exempt from paying the mining tribute for that year.{{sfn|Samardžić|1989|p=149}} However, they continued causing disorder and refused paying taxes.{{sfn|Samardžić|1989|p=149}} |
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In the second half of September 1717, during the [[Siege of Belgrade (1717)|retreat from Belgrade]], at [[Niš]] the Ottoman sultan chose Vizier Abdul Pasha to maintain order and peace in Kosovo, and especially in Skopje, Pristina and |
In the second half of September 1717, during the [[Siege of Belgrade (1717)|retreat from Belgrade]], at [[Niš]] the Ottoman sultan chose Vizier Abdul Pasha to maintain order and peace in Kosovo, and especially in [[Skopje]], [[Pristina]] and [[Vučitrn]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Zbornik Matice srpske za istoriju|issue=45–48|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eTeGAAAAIAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Matica srpska|page=103}}</ref> |
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==Uprising== |
==Uprising== |
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In |
In Vučitrn and in the nearby areas Novi Pazar and Peć,{{sfn|Bataković|1991|p=25}} the Serb [[rayah]] rose up in a large revolt.<ref name=PBM24-B25/> This came after Austrian military success,{{sfn|Samardžić|1989|p=149}} and was meant to open the way for the Austrian army.{{sfn|Istorija srpskog naroda|1986|p=102}} [[Tahir Pasha Mahmud Bey-zade|Tahir Pasha]] was appointed by the government to deal with the rebellious Serbs.{{sfn|Samardžić|1989|p=149}} Ferhat Aga, the captain of Novi Pazar, joined Tahir Pasha to together break the uprising at Vushtrri, Novi Pazar and Peja.{{sfn|Milić|1983|p=}} It was brutally suppressed.<ref name=PBM24-B25/> The Ottoman troops that were sent to pacify the people and investigate, carried out new violence.<ref name=PBM24-B25/> |
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==Aftermath== |
==Aftermath== |
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After the rebellion, the Albanians put pressure on |
After the rebellion, the Albanians put pressure on Serbs and local Ottoman leaders.{{sfn|Istorija srpskog naroda|1986|p=102}} Tahir Pasha was meant to keep the rebellious rayah on the land, but also to impose tribute on the "new ''[[wikt:yabancı|yabancı]]'' (foreigner) rayah" (the immigrant Albanians) who seized other's property that did not belong to them.{{sfn|Istorija srpskog naroda|1986|p=102}} Trying to address the Albanian problem, in September 1718 Tahir Pasha sought a ''[[firman]]'' (official decree) to eradicate bandits to calm the land "from their plunder and murder".{{sfn|Istorija srpskog naroda|1986|p=102}} Only a month after the decree, Kurd Mehmed Pasha from Yakova was given the [[Sanjak of İpek]], and Tahir Pasha is no longer mentioned as alive.{{sfn|Istorija srpskog naroda|1986|p=102}} |
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The harsh economic status, robberies, and threat of murder pushed the Kosovo Serbs into either accepting Islam, or seeking protection under a strong lord (accepting [[serfdom]] status).{{sfn|Bataković|1991|p=25}} Many opted for a third alternative, to take refuge in other areas where life was more acceptable.{{sfn|Bataković|1991|p=25}} |
The harsh economic status, robberies, and threat of murder pushed the Kosovo Serbs into either accepting Islam, or seeking protection under a strong lord (accepting [[serfdom]] status).{{sfn|Bataković|1991|p=25}} Many opted for a third alternative, to take refuge in other areas where life was more acceptable.{{sfn|Bataković|1991|p=25}} |
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Revision as of 16:29, 10 October 2022
| Uprising in Vučitrn | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18 | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Serb population (rayah) | Ottoman Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
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Tahir Pasha Ferhat Aga | |||||||
During the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18, after Austrian military success, Serb peasants rose up against Ottoman rule in the Sanjak of Vučitrn, and also Novi Pazar and Peć in 1717. The rebellion was brutally suppressed by Ottoman troops.
Background
During the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18, Austrian forces aided by Serb volunteers penetrated into West Morava and set up a new border there.[1] The war resulted in renewed persecution against the Serb population in Kosovo, Metohija and neighbouring regions.[1] The Ottomans relied on Albanians for securing their border regions with Austria, the Albanians becoming freed from the heaviest duties in return.[2] The Albanians had for years opposed accepting subject obligations, but now promised to defend the land from enemies and to fight bandits among themselves; in return they were exempt from paying the mining tribute for that year.[3] However, they continued causing disorder and refused paying taxes.[3]
In the second half of September 1717, during the retreat from Belgrade, at Niš the Ottoman sultan chose Vizier Abdul Pasha to maintain order and peace in Kosovo, and especially in Skopje, Pristina and Vučitrn.[4]
Uprising
In Vučitrn and in the nearby areas Novi Pazar and Peć,[1] the Serb rayah rose up in a large revolt.[2] This came after Austrian military success,[3] and was meant to open the way for the Austrian army.[5] Tahir Pasha was appointed by the government to deal with the rebellious Serbs.[3] Ferhat Aga, the captain of Novi Pazar, joined Tahir Pasha to together break the uprising at Vushtrri, Novi Pazar and Peja.[6] It was brutally suppressed.[2] The Ottoman troops that were sent to pacify the people and investigate, carried out new violence.[2]
Aftermath
After the rebellion, the Albanians put pressure on Serbs and local Ottoman leaders.[5] Tahir Pasha was meant to keep the rebellious rayah on the land, but also to impose tribute on the "new yabancı (foreigner) rayah" (the immigrant Albanians) who seized other's property that did not belong to them.[5] Trying to address the Albanian problem, in September 1718 Tahir Pasha sought a firman (official decree) to eradicate bandits to calm the land "from their plunder and murder".[5] Only a month after the decree, Kurd Mehmed Pasha from Yakova was given the Sanjak of İpek, and Tahir Pasha is no longer mentioned as alive.[5]
The harsh economic status, robberies, and threat of murder pushed the Kosovo Serbs into either accepting Islam, or seeking protection under a strong lord (accepting serfdom status).[1] Many opted for a third alternative, to take refuge in other areas where life was more acceptable.[1]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e Bataković 1991, p. 25.
- ^ a b c d Petrović, Blagojević & Macura 1992, p. 24, Bataković 1991, p. 25
- ^ a b c d Samardžić 1989, p. 149.
- ^ Zbornik Matice srpske za istoriju. Matica srpska. 1992. p. 103.
- ^ a b c d e Istorija srpskog naroda 1986, p. 102.
- ^ Milić 1983.
Sources
- Bataković, Dušan T. (1991). Kosovo i Metohija u srpsko-arbanaškim odnosima. Priština: Jedinstvo. pp. 25–. ISBN 86-7019-071-0.
- Dželetović, Pavle (2005). Zločini Arbanasa nad Srbima. Obeležja. ISBN 9788683563272.
- Mikić, Đorđe (2007) [2006]. Mihailović, Kosta (ed.). "Османско и арбанашко насиље над Србима Косова и метохије" (PDF). Косово и Метохија, прошлост, садашњост и будућност. SANU: 35–54.
- Milić, Danica (1983). Istorija Niša: Od najstarijih vremena do oslobođenja od Turaka 1878. godine. Vol. 1. Gradina.
- Petrović, Ruža; Blagojević, Marina; Macura, Miloš (1992). The migration of Serbs and Montenegrins from Kosovo and Metohija: results of the survey conducted in 1985–1986. SANU. ISBN 9788670251540.
- Samardžić, Radovan (1989). Kosovo i Metohija u srpskoj istoriji. Srpska književna zadruga. p. 149. ISBN 9788637901044.
- Samardžić, Radovan; Ćirković, Sima M.; Zirojević, Olga; Tričković, Radmila; Bataković, Dušan T.; Djuretić, Veselin; Čavoški, Kosta; Jevtić, Atanasije (1990). Le Kosovo-Metohija dans l'histoire serbe. Translated by Babić, Dejan M. Lausanne: Editions l'Age d'Homme. pp. 113–. ISBN 978-2-8251-0139-1.
- Istorija srpskog naroda: knj. Srbi u XVIII veku (2 v.). Srpska književna zadruga. 1986.