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==== Atiempo Shorts ====
==== Atiempo Shorts ====
In 2016, a webseries produced by the Chilean animation studio Atiempo (''El ojo del gato'', ''Mi perro Chocolo'') was released, with Cristián Lizama as the voice of Condorito. The shorts was released on Condorito's [[YouTube]] channel and on the [[Teletrece|T13]] web platform, from the Chilean station [[Canal 13 (Chilean TV channel)|Canal 13]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Condorito |url=https://www.atiempostudio.com/condorito |accessdate=2022-07-07 |website=atiempostudio |language=es}}</ref>.
In 2016, a webseries produced by the Chilean animation studio Atiempo (''El ojo del gato'', ''Mi perro Chocolo'') was released, with Cristián Lizama as the voice of Condorito. The shorts was released on Condorito's [[YouTube]] channel and on the [[Teletrece|T13]] web platform, from the Chilean station [[Canal 13 (Chilean TV channel)|Canal 13]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Condorito |url=https://www.atiempostudio.com/condorito |accessdate=2022-07-07 |website=atiempostudio |language=es}}</ref>.

==== Adult animated series ====
In November 2020, the production of an adult-oriented animated series was announced, co-produced by the Mexican studio Ánima Estudios (Legend Quest) and the Chilean studio Lunes (Homeless).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/anima-lunes-partner-for-new-adult-condorito-series/|title=Anima, Lunes Partner for New Adult ‘Condorito’ Series|accessdate=July 7, 2022|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|date=November 3, 2020|website=Animation Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref>


==Film==
==Film==

Revision as of 18:08, 26 February 2023

This article is about the comic book series. For the film, see Condorito: La Película.
Condorito
Author(s)René Pepo Ríos
WebsiteCondorito Online
Current status/scheduleCurrent daily strip
Launch date
  • 6 August 1949; 75 years ago (6 August 1949)[1][2] (in Okey)
  • December 1955; 68 years ago (December 1955) (own magazine)
Syndicate(s)United Feature Syndicate (c. 1949–1993)
Universal Press Syndicate/Universal Uclick (1994-c. 2010)
Publisher(s)Inverzag, S.A.
Editorial Zig-Zag (1949-1971)
Editorial Pinsel (1971-1994)
Editorial Televisa Chile, S.A. (1994-2019)
World Editors Chile (2020-present)
Genre(s)Comical
Original languageSpanish

Condorito (Little Condor in Spanish) is a Chilean comic book and comic strip series that features an anthropomorphic condor living in a fictitious town named Pelotillehue—a typical small Chilean provincial town. He is meant to be a representation of the Chilean people.

Condorito was first published on August 6, 1949 and created by the Chilean cartoonist René Ríos, known as Pepo.[3] Despite his Chilean origin, Condorito is very popular throughout Latin America, where the character is considered part of the general popular culture.[citation needed] Condorito and his friends appear in a daily comic strip.

By 2012, was read in 105 Spanish-language newspapers distributed in 19 countries, including Canada, United States, Italy, and Japan. 1,369 million of its comic strips are published annually, being together with Mafalda the most relevant Hispanic comic book character in the world.

Characteristics

One peculiar characteristic of Condorito is that the character, after going through an embarrassing moment or being the butt of the joke in a given strip, almost always falls backwards to the floor (legs visible or out of frame) in the final panel, although new comic strips have now put the victim of the joke looking at the reader instead. This classic comic strip "flop take" is accompanied by a free-fall onomatopoeic sound (usually ¡Plop!). From time to time, this is replaced by the victim of the joke saying ¡Exijo una explicación! ("I demand an explanation!"), usually as a twist or downbeat ending. Another catchphrase, usual for Condorito, but used with almost all the characters, is "Reflauta", to show frustration or other emotions.

The comic styles that predominate in Condorito are white humor and satire. The edition is very careful so that profanity or obscenities do not appear. White humor is generated from situations that are resolved in a ridiculous or extraordinary way.

In order for readers in other Spanish-speaking countries to understand the jokes, many of them had to be modified: excessively marked Chileanisms were removed and certain references to Chile were stopped.

Over the years, Condorito character has grown, being now older than in his beginnings, and even with a bigger belly.[3]

According to Alberto Montt, manager of the World Editors company:

«Condorito's success is based on the fact that it shares the Hispanic idiosyncrasy that has a different humor than the Anglo. He embodies the Latin American dream of living to have fun».

— Alberto Montt[4]

Comic traits

In Condorito, stereotypes for characters and situations are regularly used, although in general the humor is white, they reflect the mentality and habitual humor of past decades: jokes about the crazy or insane, stupid, drunk, infidelity, machismo, ethnic, medical and sick, usurers, peasants recently arrived in the city, etc.

Generally, when kiosks are drawn, apart from the newspaper El Hocicón, they display various magazines that parody well-known international magazines in their names. Thus we have: Vanidosa by Vanidades, Cosmopolita by Cosmopolitan, Bad Housekeeping by Good Housekeeping, Unpopular Mechanics by Popular Mechanics, FeoMundo by GeoMundo, Ideas para robar by Ideas para su hogar, Yo by Tú, Spicnik by Sputnik, Sinlecciones by Selecciones, Conozca Menos by Conozca Más, Vago por Vogue, Nada Interesante by Muy Interesante, El Humorista by El Economista, Casos by Cosas, among other. Likewise, they usually also sell magazines supposedly for adults since a half-naked woman almost always appears on their covers.

On the other hand, and depending on the situation, Condorito himself appears represented as belonging to different races or cultures: although he is white[citation needed], he frequently appears as black or oriental. In addition, colloquial language is used to reinforce the verbal abuse of which the characters are victims ("gross huaso", "roto marginal", "peeled", etc.).

Cartoonists and collaborators

As the frequency of publication of the Condorito magazine increased, Pepo had to form a team of cartoonists and collaborators. Among the first were Renato Andrade Alarcón "Nato" (1921-2006), Jorge Carvallo Muñoz "Jorcar" (1932-2017),[5][6] Ricardo González Paredes "Ric" (1936-2011)[7] and Eduardo de la Barra (cartoonist) (1942-2013), Hernán Vidal "Hervi" (b. 1943) and Guillermo Durán Castro "Guidu" (b. 1946).[8] Later, Alberto Vivanco Ortiz (b. 1939) also collaborated[9] and Víctor Hugo Aguirre Abarca "Tom" (b. 1944).[10][11][12] Other people who joined the Condorito team between the 50s and 60s were Jorge Délano Concha (b. 1958), Daniel Fernández, Marta García, Luis Peñaloza, Nelson Pérez (lyricist), Sergio Nawrath, Samuel "Sam" Gana Godoy (1932-2016),[13] Dino Gnecco Zavallia (1935-2014),[14] Edmundo Pezoa Cartagena (b. 1943), Christian Pardow Smith (1945-2002)[15] and Luis Osses Asenjo (1947-2018).[16][17][18]

In the decades from the 70s to the 90s, in addition to previous members such as Gana, Osses, Pardow and Gnecco, the team was integrated at different stages and as a stable member or collaborator, among others, by Osvaldo Fernández,[16] Manuel Ferrada, José Luis Gaete Calderón (b. 1953),[19] Rubén Eyzaguirre Santis (b. 1960)[20] Víctor Figueroa Barra, Mario Igor Vargas (1929-1995),[21] Avelino García Llorente (n. 1932), Nelson Soto (n. 1937),[22] Luis Caracuel Saavedra (b. 1959), Sergio González Barrios (b. 1959),[23] Elizabeth Villalón, Lorenzo Mejías "Loren", Emiliano Zúñiga (lyricist), Vicente "Vicho" Plaza Santibáñez (b. 1961)[24] and Jorge Montealegre Iturra (screenwriter, b. 1954). From the 1990s and in the first decades of the 21st century, it is worth mentioning Juan Cano Alcayaga (lyricist, b. 1943), Juan Enrique Plaza Vera (1958-2022),[25] Luis Sepúlveda Suazo (b. 1959),[26] Ivy Pardow Olivares,[15] Álvaro Flores Sepúlveda,[27] Mario Meneses Labrin,[28] and Rodrigo Boettcher Retamal.[29][30][31]

Characters

A statue of "Condorito" and "Washington" in San Miguel (Santiago, Chile).
  • Condorito: The main character, Condorito is an anthropomorphic condor, lackadaisical and unambitious, but also kind, loyal, friendly and ingenious.
  • Yayita: Condorito's "fashionable eternal fiancée." She loves him but hates his reluctance to discuss marriage.
  • Don Chuma: Condorito's best, most loyal friend, he is a tall, thin, kind man who helps Condorito to solve some of his problems.
  • Pepe Cortisona: Condorito's nemesis, especially when it comes to courting Yayita.
  • Coné: Condorito's young nephew. Coné had a series of his own, aimed at younger audiences, and its supporting cast included many of his uncle's friends' children.
  • Yuyito: Yayita's tomboyish niece and Coné's best friend and partner in crime.

Publishing trajectory

Origins

The first Condorito collection, published in Chile in 1955

In 1942, the Walt Disney Company created the animated film Saludos Amigos depicting Donald Duck and a cast of anthropomorphic characters representing various nations of the Americas: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. In the film, while the Disney characters are represented as humorous versions of charros, gauchos, etc., Chile was represented as Pedro, a small airplane engaged in his very first flight, whose attempt to fly over the Andes to pick up air mail from Mendoza is humorously depicted. Pepo created Condorito in response to what he perceived as a slight to the image of Chile.

The first publication of a Condorito comic strip was in the first issue of Okey magazine, owned by Zig-Zag,[3] on August 6, 1949.[32] In it, Condorito appeared as a thief of occasional chickens, who later regrets eating them. and tries to return it to the chicken coop but is stopped by a police officer and imprisoned. In the Condorito prison, he imagined the policeman eating the tasty chicken.[3] The comic strip was two full pages long.

Condorito's following publications were based on a character who came from the countryside driven by the rural-urban migration that lived in Chile during the 1950s; Condorito's personality was that of a joker, witty and mischievous.[3] According to screenwriter Jorge Montealegre, «Condorito's profile in the first cartoons is focused on the Chilean roto [...] where very Chilean institutions are addressed, such as the compadrazgo with Don Chuma and the huacherío through Coné».[33]

During the Okey magazine editions, Condorito was given a real context in a fictitious town, Pelotillehue, along with family members and situations closer to people.

By 1955, the year of the appearance of the first collection of Condorito jokes, the character already had its definitive appearance.[3] As a publication, Condorito appeared on December 21 of that year. The comic strip Condorito has a characteristic format by which it has been published from its origins in a specific range of colors that only include red, brown, pink, black, white, gray and, from time to time, the green.

One of the only surviving cartoonists who worked with Pepo at the beginning of Condorito is the cartoonist Hernán Vidal (Hervi) who, at just 13 years old, became Pepo's assistant.

Popularization

In 1961, Condorito began to be published twice a year.[3] From number 7 to number 82 they were called «Condoritos numerados» (Numbered Condoritos) because they had their prominent numbering on the cover. Condorito's book number 9, which came out in 1962, was dedicated to the Soccer World Cup held that same year in Chile. From 1965 to 1982, it was published irregularly; however, it began to be published regularly on a quarterly basis starting in 1970,[3] and did so until the last issue of 1979.

Internationalization

In 1974 the first products related to Condorito came out in coloring books. In February 1975, the first Condorito compilation came out, called Especial Condorito: Clásicos de la historieta (Condorito Special: Comic Classics). For Christmas 1975, the first Condorito toys came out: some Condorito and Coné dolls. In 1976 the international rights to Condorito were acquired by Editors Press Service, a subsidiary of the Evening Post Publishing Company. In Argentina in 1977, the first international edition of Condorito came out. Also in 1977, Editorial América and Bloque Dearmas began publishing the magazine in Colombia and Venezuela. In 1979 the last Condorito comics where he smokes appeared.

The 1980s were the best time for Condorito: Starting with the first edition of the 1980s, Condorito became a bimonthly publication.3 In February 1979, the first of a series of extraordinary editions went on sale of excellent quality and in giant size with hard covers and dimensions of 32 × 21.5 cm, except for one, (Condorito Campeón) of dimensions 26 × 18 cm. The collection was titled Selección de Oro de la revista Condorito (Gold Selection of Condorito magazine), and consisted of the following eleven numbers, each of them 64 pages:

N.º Title Publication Format
1 Condorito Campeón (Condorito Champion) february 1979 26x18 cm
2 Condorito en el Far West (Condorito in the Far West) march 1980 32×21,5 cm
3 Condorito Superstar june 1980 32×21,5 cm
4 Condorito Doctor september 1980 32×21,5 cm
5 Condorito en el Hampa (Condorito in the Underworld) march 1981 32×21,5 cm
6 Condorito en la Historia (Condorito in the History) june 1981 32×21,5 cm
7 Condorito en la Selva (Condorito in the Jungle) september 1981 32×21,5 cm
8 Condorito en Uniforme (Condorito in Uniform) march 1982 32×21,5 cm
9 Condorito en el Mundialazo (Condorito in the World Cup) june 1982 32×21,5 cm
10 Condorito en Automóvil (Condorito in Car) october 1982 32×21,5 cm
11 Condorito Gastrónomo (Gourmet Condorito) 1983 32×21,5 cm

In 1982, Condorito came out nine times a year.[3] That same year, the first non-Hispanic edition of Condorito appeared, published in Brazil. In October 1982, Coné el Travieso (Coné the Naughty) came out for the first time, a pocket-sized magazine that appeared monthly with jokes about Condorito's naughty nephew that appeared in number 22 of 1967. Coné el Travieso, in addition to the usual Coné and Yuyito, new characters were added, such as Huevito, Genito, Fonolita, Tacañito and Gargantita. In 1983 Condorito was published regularly in a monthly magazine format,[3] and it did so until 1989. In 1986 the first special editions came out. In 1987 the first Libro de Oro (Golden Book) in Mexico was published, which, from 2004, became the Libro Gigante de Oro (Golden Giant Book) and since 2006 includes puzzles to solve called Condoripuzzles. In 1988, Juegos Condorito (Condorito Games) appeared, a quarterly publication. Between 1989 and 2019, Condorito magazine was published every fortnight.[3]

Special editions are also published under the name of Condorito Colección (Condorito Collection), which compile various classic comic strips of the character. The pages of regular Condorito magazines are actually a brighter and smoother paper than a Libro Gigante de Oro (Giant Gold Book), whose pages are dull and rough.

As of 2009, through a project created and led by Editorial Televisa Ecuador, the internationalization of Condorito was launched with an alliance for its sale with the most important newspapers in North and South America. Currently, Ecuador, Colombia and Mexico lead this new release of the happy character, with an annual circulation of 14,000,000 copies, distributed in these three countries. By October 2013, this new turn of joint distribution with newspapers has managed to position Condorito as the most read comic magazine in Colombia, through the Q'Hubo newspaper, and other important launches in the region are projected for the following months.

All of the above has been recognized by the prestigious Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, which has made this project a subject of study in its marketing master's degrees, as a successful way to re-position a brand.

After the closure of Editorial Televisa Chile on February 20, 2019, the magazine ceased to be published biweekly. In March 2019, the Mexican company Televisa decided to terminate the license that its publisher had on Condorito.[34][35][36][37]​ However, Condorito was published again by the publishing company World Editors Chile in October 2020 under a compilation of several volumes called Las mejores historias de Condorito (Best Condorito stories),[38][39][40] to which a second compilation of eight volumes entitled Lo mejor de Condorito (Best of Condorito) was added as of January 2021.[41]

Condorito and politics

Condorito through the 1960s and 1970s held to a conservative perspective on Chile and its society, poking fun at both the new left-wing poets and the hippies. At the first age of the comic, the jokes usually have a very basic context and themes, like African people always represented as primitive cannibals, women as bad drivers or as a jealous wife waiting for her husband to come back from a party, etc.

After the military coup of 1973, some Chilean cartoonists were censored by the military regime, yet unlike other publications (such as the Argentinian Mafalda), which combined criticism of society with humor, Condorito, which lacked the former, continued to be published. Since that time, many Chilean comics with a political view on society (e.g. Hervi's Super Cifuentes) have been forgotten. Condorito remains the best-known Chilean comic book character.

Adaptations

Television

TVE and UC-TV shorts

In the 1980s, Condorito came to have animated mini-episodes that were broadcast by the program Sábado gigante. The episodes had music and sound effects, but the characters did not speak. The series was a co-production of Televisión Española and the Television Corporation of Universidad Católica de Chile.[42]

El show de Condorito (cancelled)

At the beginning of the 2000s, a pilot for a TV series called El show de Condorito (The Condorito Show) began, with actors in Live action and Condorito in traditional 2D animation, by the production companies Cinecorp and Emu Films. This production was directed by the Chilean Daniel de la Vega (Takilleitor), with the animation being in charge of the Argentine Daniel Pérez (Mi familia es un dibujo)[43], with plans for 18 one-and-a-half minute episodes[44]. In performance, he had Yasmín Valdés as Yayita, Fernando Kliche as Pepe Cortisona, Helvecia Viera as Doña Tremebunda, Hugo Medina as Don Cuasimodo, Sergio Hernández as Don Chuma, Adrián Montealegre as Comegato, Hugo Espinoza as Garganta de Lata and Felipe Ríos as Ungenio González[45]. Over time, its cost was increased and it was not carried out, despite the great expectation and publicity that the Chilean media made at that time.

Atiempo Shorts

In 2016, a webseries produced by the Chilean animation studio Atiempo (El ojo del gato, Mi perro Chocolo) was released, with Cristián Lizama as the voice of Condorito. The shorts was released on Condorito's YouTube channel and on the T13 web platform, from the Chilean station Canal 13[46].

Adult animated series

In November 2020, the production of an adult-oriented animated series was announced, co-produced by the Mexican studio Ánima Estudios (Legend Quest) and the Chilean studio Lunes (Homeless).[47]

Film

Further information: Condorito: La Película

In commemoration of its 66th anniversary of the launch of the comic strip, an animated film adaptation was released on October 12, 2017, in Latin America.[48] by 20th Century Fox and in the United States on January 12, 2018, by Pantelion Films.

References

  1. ^ "Pepo".
  2. ^ Gravett, Paul, "1001 Comics You Must Read Before You Die", Universe, page 145.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Nicole Villagra: Radio Bío-Bío (December 15, 2012). "Condorito no siempre fue igual: Conoce la evolución de Condorito desde 1949 hasta la actualidad". Archived from the original on December 19, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  4. ^ Lun: Joaquín Riveros (April 7, 2013). "Condorito conquistó el mundo: se publican 1.400 millones de sus tiras al año". Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  5. ^ "Jorge Carvallo Muñoz". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  6. ^ "Muere baterista de jazz y dibujante". El Mercurio. May 24, 2017. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  7. ^ "Ricardo González Paredes". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  8. ^ "Fredy Guillermo Durán Castro". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  9. ^ "Jorge Montealegre sobre Condorito: "Fue una escuela para muchos dibujante que vieron en Pepo un maestro"". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  10. ^ "Revista Vamos Campeón". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  11. ^ "Víctor Hugo Aguirre". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  12. ^ Catalina Aguilar. «Miguel Ortiz, el último de los primeros dibujantes de Condorito», El Mercurio, 2017; acceso 10.9.2019
  13. ^ "Samuel Gana, Sam". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  14. ^ "Falleció uno de los "cerebros" de Condorito". El Epicentro N°119. February 3, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  15. ^ a b "Christian Pardow Smith e Ivy Pardow Olivares, dibujantes". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  16. ^ a b "El padre de Condorito". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  17. ^ "Luis Jilberto Osses Asenjo 1947-2018". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  18. ^ "Etnología". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  19. ^ "José Luis Gaete". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  20. ^ "Rubén Eyzaguirre Santis". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  21. ^ "Mario Igor Vargas". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  22. ^ "Avelino García: Dibujante busca personaje". Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  23. ^ "Sergio González Barrios". Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  24. ^ "Vicente Plaza Santibáñez". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  25. ^ "Juan Enrique Plaza Vera". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  26. ^ "Luis Sepúlveda Suazo". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  27. ^ "Álvaro Flores Sepúlveda". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  28. ^ "Mario Meneses". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  29. ^ "Rodrigo Boettcher Retamal". Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  30. ^ «Así hacen Condorito hoy», artículo de Juan Pablo Meneses para la revista SoHo nº 177 (January 2015); acceso 10.9.2019
  31. ^ Rocío Montes. «Condorito cumple 66 años», El País, 6.8.2015; acceso 10.9.2019
  32. ^ Memoria Chilena: Condorito (1949-)
  33. ^ "Jorge Montealegre sobre Condorito: "Fue una escuela para muchos dibujantes que vieron en Pepo un maestro"". February 25, 2019. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  34. ^ Cárdenas, Leonardo (March 18, 2019). "Ex directora de Condorito exige a Televisa el pago de su finiquito en tribunales". La Tercera. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
  35. ^ https://www.diarionorte.com/177154-chile-televisa-quiere-echar-a-condorito
  36. ^ https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-47466580
  37. ^ https://www.eldinamo.cl/actualidad/2019/03/18/ex-directora-de-condorito-llego-a-tribunales-para-exigir-el-pago-de-su-finiquito-a-televisa/
  38. ^ Chile, C. N. N. "Condorito volverá a ser publicada como revista: A fin de año llegará a los quioscos". CNN Chile (in Spanish). Retrieved September 26, 2020.
  39. ^ "2019-08-08 : Pág. 8". El Mercurio. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
  40. ^ "Condorito" cumple 71 años y la historieta podría volver al papel".
  41. ^ "Colección por décadas: Segunda selección". Retrieved March 31, 2021.
  42. ^ La Nación (Costa Rica) (April 17, 2011). "Un cóndor de vuelo universal". Archived from the original on August 28, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  43. ^ "Condorito se estrena ahora en televisión". El Universal (in Spanish). 2002-07-23. Retrieved 2022-07-07.
  44. ^ "¡Plop!: Condorito tiene ya su propia serie de televisión – Diario La Hora" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-07-08.
  45. ^ "ForodelaTelevisionChilena-Así lucirá "El show de Condorito": Está lista". ForodelaTelevisionChilena. Retrieved 2022-07-07.
  46. ^ "Condorito". atiempostudio (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-07-07.
  47. ^ Milligan, Mercedes (November 3, 2020). "Anima, Lunes Partner for New Adult 'Condorito' Series". Animation Magazine. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
  48. ^ "Speaking With The Makers Of 'Condorito,' Opening Today In U.S. Theaters". Cartoon Brew. 2018-01-12. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
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