Defender 2000: Difference between revisions
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''Defender 2000'' received mixed reception from critics.<ref name="GMasterD2K">{{cite magazine|last=Ellis|first=Les|title=Reviews: Defender 2000|magazine=[[GamesMaster (magazine)|GamesMaster]]|issue=39|publisher=[[Future Publishing]]|date=February 1996|page=53}}</ref><ref name="VGSd2k">{{cite magazine|last=Schaedle|first=Wolfgang|url=https://archive.org/details/video-games-de-1996-05/page/74/mode/1up|title=Reviews: Farbenschlacht - Defender 2000|magazine={{ill|Video Games (German magazine)|lt=Video Games|de|Video Games}}|issue=54|publisher=Magna Media|date=May 1996|page=74|language=de}}</ref><ref name="FGd2k">{{cite magazine|last1=Weidner|first1=Martin|last2=Girlich|first2=Stephan|url=https://archive.org/details/fun-generation-1996-06/page/n71/mode/1up|title=Spiele Tests: Defender 2000|magazine=Fun Generation|issue=5|publisher={{ill|CyPress|lt=CyPress|de|CyPress}}|date=June 1996|page=72|language=de}}</ref><ref name="LVLd2k">{{cite magazine|last=Kalivoda|first=Martin|url=https://www.oldgames.sk/en/mag/level-18/page/60/|title=Konsole: Defender 2000|magazine=[[Level (magazine)|Level]]|issue=18|publisher=Vogel Publishing|date=July 1996|page=60|language=cs|access-date=2024-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410231637/https://www.oldgames.sk/en/mag/level-18/page/60/|archive-date=2016-04-10|url-status=live}}</ref> The "Classic Defender" mode stood out as its biggest draw.<ref name="UFGd2k"/><ref name="GZMd2k">{{cite magazine|author1=E.Phoenix|author2=R.I.P.|url=http://www.gamezero.com/team-0/final_word/jaguar/defender_2000.html|title=The Final Word game review - Double Exposure: Defender 2000 -- Atari/Williams/Llamasoft|magazine=Game Zero Magazine|publisher=Game Zero|date=March 1996|access-date=2024-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980121171710/http://www.gamezero.com/team-0/final_word/jaguar/defender_2000.html|archive-date=1998-01-21|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Electric Playground]]''{{'}}s [[Victor Lucas (television producer)|Victor Lucas]] said that Classic mode was better than the original ''[[Defender (1981 video game)|Defender]]'' (1981), while ''Atari World''{{'}}s Iain Laskey considered it a near-perfect replica of the arcade original.<ref name="AWd2k"/><ref name="EPDd2k"/> ''[[Computer and Video Games]]''{{'}} Tom Guise wrote that it was a faithful port, while ''[[Game Players]]''{{'}} Mike Salmon felt Classic mode was strong enough to make it one of best titles on [[Atari Jaguar]].<ref name="CVGd2k"/><ref name="GPd2k"/> ''[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]]'' contended that ''Defender'' was only significant because of its originality and that the gameplay had not aged well.<ref name="NGenD2K"/> ''[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]]'' criticized Classic mode for being a lame copy, while ''[[ST Format]]''{{'}}s Stuart Campbell labelled it as a poor arcade conversion.<ref name="EdgeD2K"/><ref name="STFormatD2K"/> |
''Defender 2000'' received mixed reception from critics.<ref name="GMasterD2K">{{cite magazine|last=Ellis|first=Les|title=Reviews: Defender 2000|magazine=[[GamesMaster (magazine)|GamesMaster]]|issue=39|publisher=[[Future Publishing]]|date=February 1996|page=53}}</ref><ref name="VGSd2k">{{cite magazine|last=Schaedle|first=Wolfgang|url=https://archive.org/details/video-games-de-1996-05/page/74/mode/1up|title=Reviews: Farbenschlacht - Defender 2000|magazine={{ill|Video Games (German magazine)|lt=Video Games|de|Video Games}}|issue=54|publisher=Magna Media|date=May 1996|page=74|language=de}}</ref><ref name="FGd2k">{{cite magazine|last1=Weidner|first1=Martin|last2=Girlich|first2=Stephan|url=https://archive.org/details/fun-generation-1996-06/page/n71/mode/1up|title=Spiele Tests: Defender 2000|magazine=Fun Generation|issue=5|publisher={{ill|CyPress|lt=CyPress|de|CyPress}}|date=June 1996|page=72|language=de}}</ref><ref name="LVLd2k">{{cite magazine|last=Kalivoda|first=Martin|url=https://www.oldgames.sk/en/mag/level-18/page/60/|title=Konsole: Defender 2000|magazine=[[Level (magazine)|Level]]|issue=18|publisher=Vogel Publishing|date=July 1996|page=60|language=cs|access-date=2024-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410231637/https://www.oldgames.sk/en/mag/level-18/page/60/|archive-date=2016-04-10|url-status=live}}</ref> The "Classic Defender" mode stood out as its biggest draw.<ref name="UFGd2k"/><ref name="GZMd2k">{{cite magazine|author1=E.Phoenix|author2=R.I.P.|url=http://www.gamezero.com/team-0/final_word/jaguar/defender_2000.html|title=The Final Word game review - Double Exposure: Defender 2000 -- Atari/Williams/Llamasoft|magazine=Game Zero Magazine|publisher=Game Zero|date=March 1996|access-date=2024-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980121171710/http://www.gamezero.com/team-0/final_word/jaguar/defender_2000.html|archive-date=1998-01-21|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Electric Playground]]''{{'}}s [[Victor Lucas (television producer)|Victor Lucas]] said that Classic mode was better than the original ''[[Defender (1981 video game)|Defender]]'' (1981), while ''Atari World''{{'}}s Iain Laskey considered it a near-perfect replica of the arcade original.<ref name="AWd2k"/><ref name="EPDd2k"/> ''[[Computer and Video Games]]''{{'}} Tom Guise wrote that it was a faithful port, while ''[[Game Players]]''{{'}} Mike Salmon felt Classic mode was strong enough to make it one of best titles on [[Atari Jaguar]].<ref name="CVGd2k"/><ref name="GPd2k"/> ''[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]]'' contended that ''Defender'' was only significant because of its originality and that the gameplay had not aged well.<ref name="NGenD2K"/> ''[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]]'' criticized Classic mode for being a lame copy, while ''[[ST Format]]''{{'}}s Stuart Campbell labelled it as a poor arcade conversion.<ref name="EdgeD2K"/><ref name="STFormatD2K"/> |
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Reviewers were divided regarding the "Defender Plus" mode.<ref name="EPDd2k"/><ref name="AGHd2k"/><ref name="GZMd2k"/> ''Atari Gaming Headquarters''{{'}} Patrick Holstine considered Plus mode the strongest of the three game modes, while ''The Atari Times''{{'}} Gregory D. George saw it was a better update compared to 2000 mode.<ref name="TATd2k"/><ref name="AGHd2k"/> Lucas found Plus mode to be the more fun of the two updated variants, while Laskey felt it was very playable.<ref name="AWd2k"/><ref name="EPDd2k"/> In |
Reviewers were divided regarding the "Defender Plus" mode.<ref name="EPDd2k"/><ref name="AGHd2k"/><ref name="GZMd2k"/> ''Atari Gaming Headquarters''{{'}} Patrick Holstine considered Plus mode the strongest of the three game modes, while ''The Atari Times''{{'}} Gregory D. George saw it was a better update compared to 2000 mode.<ref name="TATd2k"/><ref name="AGHd2k"/> Lucas found Plus mode to be the more fun of the two updated variants, while Laskey felt it was very playable.<ref name="AWd2k"/><ref name="EPDd2k"/> In contrast, ''[[Ultimate Future Games]]'' called Plus mode a terrible mix between the original ''Defender'' and 2000 mode.<ref name="UFGd2k"/> |
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The "Defender 2000" mode sparked many reactions.<ref name="AWd2k"/><ref name="TATd2k"/><ref name="EdgeD2K"/><ref name="NGenD2K"/><ref name="STFormatD2K"/> Guise found the gameplay in 2000 mode to be fast-paced and satisfying, while Holstine said that the 2000 mode is nowhere near the game that ''[[Tempest 2000]]'' is.<ref name="CVGd2k"/><ref name="AGHd2k"/> ''[[GamePro]]''{{'}}s Air Hendrix commented that while the game updated the arcade original's graphics for modern consoles, they were below average for that generation and the gameplay had not improved.<ref name="GameProD2K">{{cite magazine|last=Hendrix|first=Air|url=https://archive.org/details/GamePro_Issue_081_April_1996/page/n86/mode/1up|title=ProReview: Defender 2000|magazine=[[GamePro]]|issue=81|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|date=April 1996|page=85}}</ref> Despite their bleak review, ''GamePro'' awarded it "Best Jaguar Game" of 1995 over ''[[Cannon Fodder (video game)|Cannon Fodder]]''.<ref name="GamePro79"/> Lucas was disappointed with the 2000 mode due to its frenetic pacing and controls, while Laskey considered the 2000 mode to be too difficult.<ref name="AWd2k"/><ref name="EPDd2k"/> Campbell noted that is impossible to tell what is happening in 2000 mode due to the over-the-top visuals obscuring everything on-screen.<ref name="STFormatD2K"/> Salmon said that it does nothing to update the gameplay of the original ''Defender'', while ''Ultimate Future Games'' remarked that the game did not lend itself to a ''Tempest 2000''-style update.<ref name="UFGd2k"/><ref name="GPd2k"/> |
The "Defender 2000" mode sparked many reactions.<ref name="AWd2k"/><ref name="TATd2k"/><ref name="EdgeD2K"/><ref name="NGenD2K"/><ref name="STFormatD2K"/> Guise found the gameplay in 2000 mode to be fast-paced and satisfying, while Holstine said that the 2000 mode is nowhere near the game that ''[[Tempest 2000]]'' is.<ref name="CVGd2k"/><ref name="AGHd2k"/> ''[[GamePro]]''{{'}}s Air Hendrix commented that while the game updated the arcade original's graphics for modern consoles, they were below average for that generation and the gameplay had not improved.<ref name="GameProD2K">{{cite magazine|last=Hendrix|first=Air|url=https://archive.org/details/GamePro_Issue_081_April_1996/page/n86/mode/1up|title=ProReview: Defender 2000|magazine=[[GamePro]]|issue=81|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|date=April 1996|page=85}}</ref> Despite their bleak review, ''GamePro'' awarded it "Best Jaguar Game" of 1995 over ''[[Cannon Fodder (video game)|Cannon Fodder]]''.<ref name="GamePro79"/> Lucas was disappointed with the 2000 mode due to its frenetic pacing and controls, while Laskey considered the 2000 mode to be too difficult.<ref name="AWd2k"/><ref name="EPDd2k"/> Campbell noted that is impossible to tell what is happening in 2000 mode due to the over-the-top visuals obscuring everything on-screen.<ref name="STFormatD2K"/> Salmon said that it does nothing to update the gameplay of the original ''Defender'', while ''Ultimate Future Games'' remarked that the game did not lend itself to a ''Tempest 2000''-style update.<ref name="UFGd2k"/><ref name="GPd2k"/> |
Latest revision as of 12:48, 8 July 2024
Defender 2000 | |
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Developer(s) | Llamasoft |
Publisher(s) | Atari Corporation |
Producer(s) | John Skruch |
Programmer(s) | Jeff Minter |
Composer(s) | Alastair Lindsay |
Series | Defender |
Platform(s) | Atari Jaguar |
Release | |
Genre(s) | Scrolling shooter |
Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |
Defender 2000 is a 1996 scrolling shooter video game developed by Llamasoft and published by Atari Corporation for the Atari Jaguar. Part of Atari's 2000 series of arcade game revivals, it is an update of Eugene Jarvis' arcade game Defender (1981). The premise takes place in a future where the Alpha Promixian empire attack mining settlements on distant resource planets. Gameplay is divided into three modes, with the player acting as part of the System Defense Team commanding the Threshold ship to defeat waves of invading aliens while protecting humans.
In 1994, Atari and Williams Entertainment announced a joint venture to remake popular arcade games on the Jaguar and PC, including Defender, with Atari responsible for the Jaguar versions. Defender 2000 was programmed by Jeff Minter, who previously updated Dave Theurer's Tempest as Tempest 2000. The project came about when Minter approached Atari and suggested converting Defender to Jaguar. It was first planned as a cartridge release but was later moved to the Atari Jaguar CD add-on, however Atari changed course and decided to release the game on cartridge. The soundtrack was scored by English composer Alastair Lindsay, who also composed Tempest 2000.
The game garnered mixed reception from critics and retrospective commentators; praise was given to the "Classic Defender" mode for being a faithful adaptation of the arcade original, but others expressed mixed opinions regarding "Defender Plus" mode. Reviewers typically commented that Defender 2000, while reasonably fun, failed to update the original Defender to the point where its gameplay and graphics could stand out against contemporary shooters.
Gameplay
[edit]Defender 2000 is a scrolling shooter game that offers three modes to choose from: "Classic Defender", "Defender Plus", and "Defender 2000".[1][2][3][4][5] Classic mode is a recreation of the original arcade game Defender, offering similar graphics and gameplay.[1][4][6][7] Plus mode is similar to Classic mode but with modernized visuals and minor gameplay additions.[3][8][9][10] 2000 mode modifies and builds upon the original gameplay, introducing power-ups, more sophisticated enemy types, enhanced visuals, and bonus rounds.[2][9][10][11] The plot takes place in a future where the Alpha Promixian empire attack mining settlements on distant resource planets.[9][10][12]
In all three game modes, the player acts as part of the System Defense Team commanding the Threshold ship and the main objective is to defeat waves of invading aliens while protecting humans.[6][7][9][10][12] The player controls the ship that flies from left to right with a radar at the top of the screen.[2][7][13] The radar shows incoming enemies and humans across the playfield in different colors.[2][10][13] Landers pick up humans and attempt carrying them to the top of the screen to become mutants.[2][10][13] The player must shoot down the landers to rescue the human before it falls to its death.[2][10] The player's ship has a standard laser fire and bombs capable of obliterating enemies caught within its blast radius.[1][2][10] Failing to protect the humans causes the planet to explode and the level becomes populated with mutants.[1][2]
In 2000 mode, power-up items appear in each level and are collected to obtain upgrades such as AI droids, a shield that protects the player from two hits, lightning laser, and rapid fire.[2][4][5][8][10] Rescuing and catching humans will also grant extra firepower to the player's ship.[2][5] If a human is abducted by a lander, they not only turn into mutants but also leave a falling tombstone capable of damaging the player's ship.[2] Once the ship is fully powered up, collecting four warp tokens grants access to three-dimensional bonus rounds and the player skips five levels if they are successfully completed.[2][4][8][10] The game features over 100 increasingly difficult levels and two difficulty modes: Tikka Masala and Vindaloo.[9][12] Vindaloo mode is unlocked after completing the game in Tikka Masala mode.[12]
Entering specific names on the high score table enables two easter eggs: "Plasma Pong" and "Flossie Defender. Plasma Pong is a graphically revised version of Pong (1972), while Flossie Defender replaces the ship and humans in Plus mode with a sheep and llamas respectively.[7][8][9] The game features support for the ProController.[9][12] In addition, the game also has a two-player option which allows two players to play by alternating turns.[12]
Development
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Jeff_Minter_-_GDC_2007.jpg/220px-Jeff_Minter_-_GDC_2007.jpg)
Defender 2000 is an update of Eugene Jarvis' arcade game Defender (1981).[1][14] In 1994, Atari Corporation and Williams Entertainment announced a joint venture to remake popular arcade games on the Atari Jaguar and PC, including Defender, Joust, and Robotron, with Atari responsible for the Jaguar versions.[15][16][17][18] It is part of Atari's 2000 series of arcade game revivals, a concept initiated by producer John Skruch after the release of Tempest 2000.[19][20] It was programmed by Jeff Minter, founder of Llamasoft, who previously updated Dave Theurer's Tempest as Tempest 2000.[21][22][23][24] The project came about when Minter approached Atari and suggested converting Defender, one of his favorite arcade games, to Jaguar.[23][25] Atari assigned the project to Minter, who decided to join the company and move to Sunnyvale to facilitate his work.[15][26][27]
Defender 2000 was initially planned as a cartridge release but was later moved to the Atari Jaguar CD peripheral.[18][25][28] Minter wanted to make it in the same vein as Tempest 2000 but with smaller graphics and more abstract effects, and intended to use the extra space of the CD-ROM format for a documentary section featuring an interview with Jarvis.[25][27][28] Minter met Jarvis at the 1994 Consumer Electronics Show and contacted him during production.[23][29] Minter recalled that Jarvis advised him to reduce the difficulty of the original Defender, which was ported to Jaguar in a matter of weeks, to get his and Williams' approval for the game.[1][8][23][30] The producers at Atari wanted larger sprites and parallax scrolling backgrounds because it was going to be on CD, pushing Minter in a direction he did not like.[27][28][31] The graphics were designed by Metropolis Digital, a San Jose-based game developer founded in 1994, while the humans were animated via motion capture.[14][27][32][33]
The music was scored by English composer Alastair Lindsay, who also composed Tempest 2000.[34][35] Lindsay's soundtrack is inspired by dance and rave music that were popular at the time.[34][35] Voice work for the game was done by lead tester Tal Funke-Bilu, who performed some of the samples in the office of Atari staffer Ted Tahquechi.[12][36] However, Atari changed course for economic reasons and decided to release the game on cartridge, which led to the audio CD tracks being hastily converted into tracker music.[34][35][37] A remixed version of Gridrunner was planned to be hidden in the game, but was scrapped due to time constrains and Minter being dissatisfied with it.[38] Minter left Atari after Defender 2000 was completed in December 1995 and has since considered it not one of his best works.[26][27][39] He said "Defender Plus" mode contained the ideas of where he wanted to go but did not have the freedom to make the game he wanted, expressing that it would have been better if he had stayed in Wales and done it independently.[28][31][40] Jarvis considered it a great effort but lamented that the Jaguar never achieved commercial success.[41]
Release
[edit]Defender 2000 was first shown at the 1995 Winter Consumer Electronics Show, announced for release in August 1995.[42][43] The game made additional appearances at tradeshows such as E3 1995 and the 1995 ECTS Autumn event.[44][45] It was shown at Atari Corporation during "Fun 'n' Games Day", an event to showcase upcoming Jaguar titles to journalists between 1995 and 1996.[46][47][48][49] The game was also covered by press invited to Atari's European offices,[37][50] but was delayed to October 1995 and subsequently to December 1995.[5][51][52] It was published by Atari in North America on February 14, 1996, followed by Europe between February and March that same year.[53][54] Imagitec Design produced a CD soundtrack album for the game but it was never released.[55] It was omitted from the Llamasoft: The Jeff Minter Story (2024), a Digital Eclipse interactive compilation of Jeff Minter's work, due to rights issues.[56][57]
Reception
[edit]Publication | Score |
---|---|
Computer and Video Games | 83/100[2] |
Edge | 3/10[53] |
EP Daily | 9/10[3] |
Game Players | 81%[58] |
Next Generation | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
ST Format | 31%[60] |
Atari Gaming Headquarters | 6/10[8] |
The Atari Times | 75%[6] |
Atari World | 7/10[1] |
Ultimate Future Games | 68%[4] |
Publication | Award |
---|---|
GamePro (1995) | Best Jaguar Game[61] |
Defender 2000 received mixed reception from critics.[62][63][64][65] The "Classic Defender" mode stood out as its biggest draw.[4][66] The Electric Playground's Victor Lucas said that Classic mode was better than the original Defender (1981), while Atari World's Iain Laskey considered it a near-perfect replica of the arcade original.[1][3] Computer and Video Games' Tom Guise wrote that it was a faithful port, while Game Players' Mike Salmon felt Classic mode was strong enough to make it one of best titles on Atari Jaguar.[2][58] Next Generation contended that Defender was only significant because of its originality and that the gameplay had not aged well.[59] Edge criticized Classic mode for being a lame copy, while ST Format's Stuart Campbell labelled it as a poor arcade conversion.[53][60]
Reviewers were divided regarding the "Defender Plus" mode.[3][8][66] Atari Gaming Headquarters' Patrick Holstine considered Plus mode the strongest of the three game modes, while The Atari Times' Gregory D. George saw it was a better update compared to 2000 mode.[6][8] Lucas found Plus mode to be the more fun of the two updated variants, while Laskey felt it was very playable.[1][3] In contrast, Ultimate Future Games called Plus mode a terrible mix between the original Defender and 2000 mode.[4]
The "Defender 2000" mode sparked many reactions.[1][6][53][59][60] Guise found the gameplay in 2000 mode to be fast-paced and satisfying, while Holstine said that the 2000 mode is nowhere near the game that Tempest 2000 is.[2][8] GamePro's Air Hendrix commented that while the game updated the arcade original's graphics for modern consoles, they were below average for that generation and the gameplay had not improved.[67] Despite their bleak review, GamePro awarded it "Best Jaguar Game" of 1995 over Cannon Fodder.[61] Lucas was disappointed with the 2000 mode due to its frenetic pacing and controls, while Laskey considered the 2000 mode to be too difficult.[1][3] Campbell noted that is impossible to tell what is happening in 2000 mode due to the over-the-top visuals obscuring everything on-screen.[60] Salmon said that it does nothing to update the gameplay of the original Defender, while Ultimate Future Games remarked that the game did not lend itself to a Tempest 2000-style update.[4][58]
Retrospective commentary for Defender 2000 has been equally mixed.[68][69][70][71] Brett Daly of Jaguar Front Page News (a part of the GameSpy network) lauded the game's visuals, soundscapes, and gameplay.[68] IGN considered it one of the few games worth playing on the Jaguar.[69] neXGam commended its three game modes and soundtrack, but saw the large playview in 2000 mode and the controls as negative points.[71] HobbyConsolas identified it as one of the twenty best games for the Jaguar.[70]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Laskey, Iain (February 1996). "Jaguar Game: Defender 2000". Atari World. No. 10. Neal O'Nions. p. 42. (Transcription Archived 2013-08-10 at the Wayback Machine).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Guise, Tom (February 1996). "CVG Review: Defender 2000". Computer and Video Games. No. 171. EMAP. pp. 28–29.
- ^ a b c d e f g Lucas, Victor (March 27, 1996). "Reviews: Defender 2000". The Electric Playground. Hip Interactive. Archived from the original on 2001-03-05. Retrieved 2024-02-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Ultimate review sector: Defender 2000". Ultimate Future Games. No. 16. Future Publishing. March 1996. p. 72—73.
- ^ a b c d Loftus, Jim (December 1995). "Jaguar Preview: Defender 2000". Ultimate Gamer. No. 5. Larry Flynt Publications. p. 49.
- ^ a b c d e George, Gregory D. (July 1996). "Finally! Defender 2000!". The Atari Times. No. 3. Gregory George. p. 1. (Transcription Archived 2014-10-29 at the Wayback Machine).
- ^ a b c d Scholeri III, Joseph (1998). "Defender 2000 - Overview". AllGame. All Media Network. Archived from the original on 2014-11-14. Retrieved 2024-02-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Holstine, Patrick (2001). "AGH Jaguar Review: DEFENDER 2000". Atari Gaming Headquarters. Archived from the original on 2001-03-03. Retrieved 2024-02-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g Froehlich, R. (April 1996). "Software - Jaguar: Defender 2000". ST-Computer (in German). No. 115. Falkemedia . p. 64. (Transcription by Computer-Magazin-Archiv. Archived 2016-08-19 at the Wayback Machine).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Schmitz, M. (April–May 1996). "Jaguar-Software: Defender 2K". Atari Inside (in German). No. 10. falkemedia . p. 61. (Transcription by Computer-Magazin-Archiv. Archived 2016-08-20 at the Wayback Machine).
- ^ "The Jaguar: A Hungry Cat Looking for Food - Defender 2000". GamePro (Supplement). No. Premiere. IDG. Spring 1996. p. 118.
- ^ a b c d e f g Defender 2000 (Game Manual) (International ed.). Atari Corporation. 1996.
- ^ a b c Abramson, Marc (May 1996). "Cahier Loisirs / Jaguar: JAG, encore et toujours!". ST Magazine (in French). No. 105. Pressimage. pp. 57–59.
- ^ a b "Alphas: Defender 2000". Next Generation. No. 12. Imagine Media. December 1995. p. 111.
- ^ a b Dayes, Albert; LaBarge, Dimitri Mark (October 9, 1994). "Digital Briefs - Industry News: Atari News - Atari & Williams Join Forces; Surfing the Jagged Edge: Williams Makes Nice!". Atari Explorer Online. Vol. 3, no. 12. Subspace Publishers. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2024-02-10. (Transcription by The Cleveland Free-Net Atari SIG Historical Archive. Archived 2006-05-16 at the Wayback Machine).
- ^ "ProNews: Williams Makes Jaguar, Ultra 64 Plans". GamePro. No. 66. IDG. January 1995. p. 210. Archived from the original on 2018-07-28. Retrieved 2024-02-10.
- ^ Quartermann (May 1995). "Gaming Gossip". Electronic Gaming Monthly. No. 70. Sendai Publishing. p. 54. Archived from the original on 2020-08-09. Retrieved 2024-02-10.
- ^ a b "Atari CD-ROM: Multimedia games system". Edge (supplement). No. 22. Future Publishing. July 1995. pp. 12–14.
- ^ "John Skruch". B&C ComputerVisions. Archived from the original on 2010-01-27. Retrieved 2024-03-02.
- ^ "Jaguar: software - The 2000 Series". Edge (Special Edition). No. Premiere. Future Publishing. Autumn 1995. p. 71.
- ^ "Special: 75 Power Players". Next Generation. No. 11. Imagine Media. November 1995. pp. 48–76.
- ^ Forster, Winnie (March 1996). "Spiele-Tests: Defender 2000". MAN!AC (in German). No. 29. Cybermedia. p. 72. (Transcription Archived 2020-11-26 at the Wayback Machine).
- ^ a b c d Hague, James (1997). "Jeff Minter". Halcyon Days: Interviews with Classic Computer and Video Games Programmers. Dadgum Games. (Transcription Archived 2002-06-25 at the Wayback Machine).
- ^ Tempest 3000 (Nuon) (PDF) (Game design document). VM Labs. September 2, 1999. pp. 1–12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-07-01. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
- ^ a b c "News: Jaguar Plugs into the CD Revolution". Edge. No. 20. Future plc. May 1995. pp. 14–15.
("Breaking: Jaguar Plugs into the CD Revolution". Next Generation. No. 6. Imagine Media. June 1995. pp. 18–19.) - ^ a b Montfort, Nick (October 1996). "Spawn of Atari". Wired. Vol. 4, no. 10. Wired Ventures. pp. 166–171. (Transcription Archived 2015-10-27 at the Wayback Machine).
- ^ a b c d e Llamasoft And The Space Giraffe (Google Video). March 6, 2007. Event occurs at 25m40s. Archived from the original (Google Tech Talks) on 2007-03-20. Retrieved 2024-02-10. (Mirrored copy via YouTube. Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine).
- ^ a b c d Robinson, Martin (February 19, 2023). "Curry with the GOAT: Jeff Minter on 40 years operating on the far side". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on 2023-02-20. Retrieved 2024-03-03.
- ^ Sheffield, Brandon (April 4, 2007). "Llamas In Space: Catching Up with Llamasoft's Jeff Minter". Gamasutra. UBM Technology Group. pp. 1–6. Archived from the original on 2007-04-08. Retrieved 2024-02-10. (Transcription by Game Developer. Archived 2021-08-27 at the Wayback Machine).
- ^ Guy, Travis (producer) (1995). AEO at E3 1995. Atari Explorer Online (VHS). United States: Subspace Publishers. Event occurs at 31m17s. Archived from the original on 2020-08-11. Retrieved 2024-02-10.
- ^ a b Drury, Paul (December 5, 2013). "The Making Of: Tempest 2000". Retro Gamer. No. 123. Imagine Publishing. p. 84—87.
- ^ Vendel, Curt (August 26, 1995). "Payment Schedule for Jaguar games to Developers" (PDF). atarimuseum.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-04-14. Retrieved 2024-02-10.
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External links
[edit]- 1996 video games
- Atari games
- Atari Jaguar games
- Atari Jaguar-only games
- Atari video game compilations
- Horizontally scrolling shooters
- Llamasoft games
- Multiplayer and single-player video games
- Video game remakes
- Video games developed in the United States
- Video games scored by Alastair Lindsay
- Video games set in the future
- Video games with digitized sprites
- Williams video games