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'''Riduan Isamuddin''' ({{lang-ar|رضوان عصام الدين}}) (also [[transliteration|transliterated]] as '''Riduan Isamudin''', '''Riduan Isomuddin''', and '''Riduan Isomudin''', better known by the ''[[nom de guerre]]'' '''Hambali''', born as '''Encep Nurjaman''', born [[April 4]], [[1966]]) is an [[Indonesia|Indonesian]] [[terrorist]]. Isamuddin was the leader of the [[Indonesia]]n terrorist organization [[Jemaah Islamiyah]] (JI), which is linked with [[Al Qaeda]]. He is now in [[extrajudicial]] detention in the [[United States]]'s [[Guantanamo Bay detainment camp]]s, in [[Cuba]].
'''Riduan Isamuddin''' ({{lang-ar|رضوان عصام الدين}}) (also [[transliteration|transliterated]] as '''Riduan Isamudin''', '''Riduan Isomuddin''', and '''Riduan Isomudin''', better known by the ''[[nom de guerre]]'' '''Hambali''', born as '''Encep Nurjaman''', born [[April 4]], [[1966]]) is an [[Indonesia|Indonesian]] [[terrorist]]. Isamuddin was the military leader of the [[Indonesia]]n terrorist organization [[Jemaah Islamiyah]] (JI), which is linked with [[Al Qaeda]]. He is now in [[extrajudicial]] detention in the [[United States]]'s [[Guantanamo Bay detainment camp]]s, in [[Cuba]].


==Overview==
==Overview==

Revision as of 00:41, 31 July 2007

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Riduan Isamuddin (Hambali)
File:Hambali.jpg
Born April 4, 1966

Riduan Isamuddin (Arabic: رضوان عصام الدين) (also transliterated as Riduan Isamudin, Riduan Isomuddin, and Riduan Isomudin, better known by the nom de guerre Hambali, born as Encep Nurjaman, born April 4, 1966) is an Indonesian terrorist. Isamuddin was the military leader of the Indonesian terrorist organization Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), which is linked with Al Qaeda. He is now in extrajudicial detention in the United States's Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba.

Overview

Hambali was often described as "the Osama bin Laden of Southeast Asia". Some media reports describe him as Bin Laden's lieutenant for Southeast Asian operations. Other reports describe him as an independent peer. Either way he was highly trusted by Al Qaeda and was the main link between the two organisations.

Hambali was a close friend of Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, who planned Operation Bojinka, the September 11 Terrorist Attacks and the Bali nightclub bombings.

Hambali envisioned creating a Muslim state, in the form of an Islamic superpower (a theocracy) across Southeast Asia, with himself as its leader (Caliph). His ambition was to rule Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Cambodia, and parts of the Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, and northern Australia[1]. The CIA World Factbook stated that such a state would have had a population of around 420 million (1.4 times the population of the United States). The amount of men eligible for the military would have numbered about 75 million. It would also have been able to obtain military control over the South China Sea shipping lanes, a key gateway between parts of Asia and the Indian Ocean, as well as a significant hold in air-space, affecting trade between India, Africa, and Australia.

Receiving increasing attention in the aftermath of the 2002 Bali nightclub bombing, in which 202 people died, he was eventually apprehended in a joint operation by the CIA and Thai police and is currently imprisoned in the controversial Guantanamo Bay detention centre in Cuba, after three years of CIA custody in a secret location.

Early life

Riduan Isamuddin was born Encep Nurjaman in the rice belt of Pamokolan, a small town in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. He was the son of a peasant farmer, and was the second of Thirteen children. He got involved with Jemaah Islamiah as a teenager. He was a very serious student at his Islamic high school, Al-Ianah. He travelled to Afghanistan in the year 1983 to fight the Soviet Union during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Over the three year course of being a mujahid, from 1987 to 1990, met Osama bin Laden. Most of his friends and family back home claim that they did not know what he was doing.

Diving into JI

He returned to Cianjur for one week, before going to Malaysia, in 1991.

In Malaysia, he met the two co-founders of JI, Abdullah Sungkar and Abubakar Bashir, who fled Indonesia in 1985. Nurjaman internationalized the terrorist groups' activities. Nurjaman then took a new name in his permanent residence permit. He now was Riduan Isamuddin. The three of them were in a housing compound in Kampung Sungai Manggis, Banting, Selangor. His nickname, Hambali, is after Hanbali, a school of religious law started by a revered Islamic imam from the 700s.

The two co-founders sent their students to "study" in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The students actually fought the Soviets until the Soviets pulled out of Afghanistan. A woman named Noralwizah Lee Abdullah had gone to Malaysia for religious schooling. She secretly married Isamuddin after meeting him at the Luqmanul Hakiem School in Ulu Tiram, Johor. The school was founded by Sungkar and Bashir.

At first, Isamuddin struggled to make a living for his family. He switched from selling kebabs to patenting medicines. He soon disappeared from his home for weeks on end, and he received many visitors at home. He eventually came to own a red Proton hatchback and several cell phones. Investigators say that many calls on those cell phones were made to Mohammed Jamal Khalifa, Osama bin Laden's brother in law, who had arrived back in Manila, Philippines in 1991.

After Arab visitors gave his family lots of money, he founded a shell company, Konsojaya, in June 1994. The company claimed to be an "import-export" company that traded palm oil from Malaysia to Afghanistan, but was more or less a front company for terrorism. Wali Khan Amin Shah, who would become the financier of Operation Bojinka, was one of the members of the board of directors of Konsojaya. The company provided financial assistance to the project until it was discovered by investigators on a laptop computer after an apartment fire on January 6, 1995. Shah was arrested in the Philippines but he escaped on a short order. Shah would get arrested in Malaysia in December 1995. Both Shah and mastermind Ramzi Yousef, who escaped the Philippines but got arrested in Lahore, Pakistan, were extradited to the United States. They both were convicted and sentenced to life in prison for participating in the project.

Hambali goes underground

Hambali's company was narrowly overlooked by the investigators, so he wasn't as ambitious for the moment. He decided to preach, raise money, and recruit for his cause. He went underground in 2000 and started a wave of church-bombings in Indonesia. He always had a "hands-on" technique. He met his foot soldiers and came to them "with detailed plans, plenty of cash and two of his own bombmakers." He always fled before the bombing commenced. Meanwhile, the spiritual leader of Jemaah Islamiah, Abu Bakr Bashir, was preaching jihad at his schools while denying links to Islamic militants.

Hambali planned and attended the January 2000 Al Qaeda Summit in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Among the others present were two September 11 hijackers, Khalid al-Mihdhar and Nawaf al-Hazmi. This gathering in Kuala Lumpur was observed by the CIA and Malaysian authorities, but what specifically was being said at the meetings was not picked up. Hambali also provided money and documents to Zacarias Moussaoui in October of that year.

After the Bali nightclub bombing, in which 202 people were murdered, Hambali received more attention from the United States. Prior to that attack, the Indonesian government did not act very much against Islamic militants. After the attack occurred, Abu Bakr Bashir was arrested and the government started to crack down on Jemaah Islamiah. He was wanted in Indonesia[2] for the bombings of several churches in the region, and wanted for the Bali bombing and a failed plot on several targets in Singapore.

Capture

Hambali used a series of safe-houses throughout Southeast Asia, especially Thailand and Cambodia to move around. While he was in Ayutthaya, Thailand, 75 kilometers north of Bangkok, he was planning a terrorist attack against several Thai hotels and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation summit (APEC) in Bangkok on October 2003. The meeting brought together twenty-one leaders, including George W. Bush, the United States President. Hambali had used a false Spanish passport to enter Thailand while his wife used her Malaysian passport.

Thai police found him as part of a joint operation between the Thai police and the CIA on August 11, 2003. The twenty uniformed and undercover police smashed down the door to his one bedroom apartment in Ayutthaya, and arrested him and 33-year old Noralwizah Lee Abdullah, a Chinese Malaysian who was considered to be his wife. Hambali was wearing a pair of jeans, a t-shirt, a baseball cap, and a pair of sunglasses. Police also seized explosives and firearms in the property. It marked the end of a 20-month hunt for Hambali, who was 37 years of age when he was captured.

A 2006 Human Rights Watch report stated that Hambali was imprisoned in Jordan for the account of the CIA.[citation needed] On September 6 2006, President George W. Bush confirmed that Hambali had been held by the CIA and revealed that he had been transferred to Guantanamo Bay.[3] His wife is now in Malaysian custody.

On September 8 2006 Indonesia formally requested access to Hambali to ensure a fair trial.[4] The United States are reluctant to hand him over because of the lenient sentence Indonesia imposed on Bashir.[citation needed]

Hambali is also wanted in the Philippines for the transfer of explosives on Filipino soil in an attempt to transport them to Singapore.

Detention

Following his capture the USA would not confirm or deny that he was in their custody. But on September 6 2006, President Bush acknowledged[5] the existence of covert, overseas CIA interrogation centres (colloquially known as black sites) and announced that 14 high-profile members al Qaeda and related groups had been transported from those sites to Guantanamo Bay.[6] Those 14 include Hambali and an alleged lieutenant of his called Mohammed Nazir Bin Lep alias Lillie or Li-Li.

Combatant Status Review Tribunal

Template:Combatant Status Review Tribunal trailer image and caption

Initially the Bush administration asserted that they could withhold all the protections of the Geneva Conventions to captives from the war on terror. This policy was challenged before the Judicial branch. Critics argued that the USA could not evade its obligation to conduct competent tribunals to determine whether captives are, or are not, entitled to the protections of prisoner of war status.

Subsequently the Department of Defense instituted the Combatant Status Review Tribunals. The Tribunals, however, were not authorized to determine whether the captives were lawful combatants -- rather they were merely empowered to make a recommendation as to whether the captive had previously been correctly determined to match the Bush administration's definition of an enemy combatant.

Identity

The transcript from Hambali's Combatant Status Review Tribunal identified his captive number as 10019.[7] Hambali's name was spelled differently on different official documents:

  • His name was spelled Hambali, Riduan bin Isomuddin on the Summary of Evidence memo prepared for his Combatant Status Review.[8]
  • His name was spelled Ryuduan bin Isomuddin by Scott McClellan during a press briefing.[9] McClellan spelled his name letter by letter.
  • His name is spelled Riduan Isamuddin in the report of the 9-11 Commission.[10]
  • His name was spelled Nurjaman Riduan Isamuddin by the US Treasury.[11]

Allegations

A memorandum summarizing the evidence against Hambali was prepared for his Combatant Status Reiew Tribunal on February 9 2007.[8]

Transcript

In his Combatant Status Review Tribunal hearing, held on April 4 2007, Hambali claimed to know nothing about the plots of which he is accused.[7]

Further reading

Some of the above information about Hambali, and more, can be read in the massive report[10] of the 9-11 Commission.

References

  1. ^ Australian ABC falls into line on Bali bombingWorld Socialist Web Site
  2. ^ Hunt for Hambali - the Osama of the Far East, SMH of Australia, 16 October 2002
  3. ^ "Bush admits to CIA secret prisons". BBC News. 2006-09-07. Retrieved 2006-09-08.
  4. ^ "Jakarta seeks access to Hambali". BBC News. 2006-09-08. Retrieved 2006-09-08.
  5. ^ Bush: CIA holds terror suspects in secret prisons, CNN, 7 September 2006.
  6. ^ Biographies of 14 Guantanamo Bay detainees, Office of the Director of National Intelligence
  7. ^ a b OARDEC (April 4 2007). "Combatant Status Review Tribunal, transcript 10017" (PDF). Department of Defense. Retrieved April 13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ a b OARDEC (February 9 2007). "Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal - Hambali, Riduan bin Isomuddin" (PDF). Department of Defense. Retrieved April 13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Scott McClellan (August 14, 2003). "Press Gaggle by Scott McClellan and a Senior Administration Official Aboard Air Force One". White House. Retrieved April 13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ a b "The 9/11 Commission Report" (PDF). 9-11 Commission. Retrieved April 14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help) Cite error: The named reference "r911" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  11. ^ "Treasury Designates Four Leaders of Terrorist Group "Jemaah Islamiyah"". US Treasury. April 13, 2006. Retrieved April 13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)

External links

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