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'''Buryat Republic''' ({{lang-ru|Респу́блика Буря́тия}}; {{lang-bxr|Буряад Республика}}) is a [[federal subjects of Russia|federal subject]] of [[Russia]] (a [[republic]]). The direct [[romanization of Russian|romanization]] of the republic's name is ''Respublika Buryatiya'' in Russian and ''Buryaad Respublika'' in Buryat.
'''Buryat Republic''' ({{lang-ru|Респу́блика Буря́тия}}; {{lang-bxr|Буряад Республика}}) is a [[federal subjects of Russia|federal subject]] of [[Russia]] (a [[republic]]). Its size is slightly over 350,000 km² with an estimated population of almost one million. Its capital is [[Ulan-Ude]]. The direct [[romanization of Russian|romanization]] of the republic's name is ''Respublika Buryatiya'' in Russian and ''Buryaad Respublika'' in Buryat.


==Geography==
==Geography==

Revision as of 18:52, 14 January 2009

Buryatia
Map
CountryRussia
Federal district[1]
Economic region[2]
Population
 • Estimate 
(2018)[4]
984,511
Time zoneUTC+8 (MSK+5 Edit this on Wikidata[5])
ISO 3166 codeRU-BU
OKTMO ID81000000
Official languagesRussian[6]

Buryat Republic (Russian: Респу́блика Буря́тия; Russian Buryat: Буряад Республика) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). Its size is slightly over 350,000 km² with an estimated population of almost one million. Its capital is Ulan-Ude. The direct romanization of the republic's name is Respublika Buryatiya in Russian and Buryaad Respublika in Buryat.

Geography

Buryatia countryside just south of Ulan Ude

Buryatia is located in the South-Central region of Siberia along the eastern shore of Lake Baikal.

Time zone

Buryatia is located in the Irkutsk Time Zone (IRKT/IRKST). UTC offset is +0800 (IRKT)/+0900 (IRKST).

Rivers

Major rivers include:

Lakes

Mountains

Over 80% of republic's territory is located in the mountainous region, including the Baikal Mountains on the northern shores of Lake Baikal.

Natural resources

Buryatia's natural resources include gold, tungsten, zinc, uranium and more.

Climate

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Buryatia

Demographics

  • Population: 981,238 (2002)
    • Urban: 584,970 (59.6%)
    • Rural: 396,268 (40.4%)
    • Male: 467,984 (47.7%)
    • Female: 513,254 (52.3%)
  • Females per 1000 males: 1,097
  • Average age: 31.6 years
    • Urban: 31.2 years
    • Rural: 32.2 years
    • Male: 29.4 years
    • Female: 33.9 years
  • Number of households: 322,289 (with 958,402 people)
    • Urban: 197,651 (with 566,755 people)
    • Rural: 124,638 (with 391,647 people)
  • Vital statistics (2005)
    • Births: 13,551 (birth rate 14.0)
    • Deaths: 15,144 (death rate 15.7)
  • Ethnic groups

According to the 2002 Census, ethnic Russians make up two thirds of the republic's population, while the ethnic Buryats are only 27.8%. Other groups include Ukrainians (1.0%), Tatars (0.8%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.

1926 census 1 1939 census 1959 census 1970 census 1979 census 1989 census 2002 census
Buryats 214,957 (43.8%) 116,382 (21.3%) 135,798 (20.2%) 178,660 (22.0%) 206,860 (23.0%) 249,525 (24.0%) 272,910 (27.8%)
Soyots 161 (0.0%) 2,739 (0.3%)
Russians 258,796 (52.7%) 393,057 (72.0%) 502,568 (74.6%) 596,960 (73.5%) 647,785 (72.0%) 726,165 (69.9%) 665,512 (67.8%)
Ukrainians 1,982 (0.4%) 13,392 (2.5%) 10,183 (1.5%) 10,769 (1.3%) 15,290 (1.7%) 22,868 (2.2%) 9,585 (1.0%)
Tatars 3,092 (0.6%) 3,840 (0.7%) 8,058 (1.2%) 9,991 (1.2%) 10,290 (1.1%) 10,496 (1.0%) 8,189 (0.8%)
Evenks 2,808 (0.6%) 1,818 (0.3%) 1,335 (0.2%) 1,685 (0.2%) 1,543 (0.2%) 1,679 (0.2%) 2,334 (0.2%)
Others 9,440 (1.9%) 17,277 (3.2%) 15,384 (2.3%) 14,186 (1.7%) 17,630 (2.0%) 27,519 (2.7%) 19,969 (2.0%)
  1. In 1926, the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR included Aga Buryatia, Ust-Orda Buryatia and the Olkhon district. These territories were transferred to the Chita and Irkutsk Oblasts in 1937. Consequently, the results of the 1926 census cannot be compared to the results of the censuses of 1939 and later.

Vital Statistics for 2007: Source

  • Birth Rate: 15.86 per 1000
  • Death Rate: 13.36 per 1000
  • Net Immigration: -2.7 per 1000
  • NGR: +0.25% per Year
  • PGR: -0.02% per Year
  • Birth rate was 16.8 for the first half of 2008.[1]

Demographics for 2007[2]

Raion Births Deaths Growth Pp (2007) BR DR NGR
Buryatia 12,337 9,833 2,504 960,000 17.13 13.66 0.35%
Ulan-Ude 4,260 3,517 743 373,300 15.22 12.56 0.27%
Bichursky District 339 318 21 26,900 16.80 15.76 0.10%
Dzhidinsky District 512 309 203 30,800 22.16 13.38 0.88%
Yeravninsky District 244 191 53 18,600 17.49 13.69 0.38%
Zaigrayevsky District 714 630 84 48,700 19.55 17.25 0.23%
Zakamensky District 492 322 170 30,400 21.58 14.12 0.75%
Ivolginsky District 498 320 178 31,000 21.42 13.76 0.77%
Kabansky District 702 779 -77 64,400 14.53 16.13 -0.16%
Kizhinginsky District 303 192 111 18,700 21.60 13.69 0.79%
Kyakhtinsky District 629 393 236 40,500 20.71 12.94 0.78%
Mukhorshibirsky District 338 319 19 28,000 16.10 15.19 0.09%
Pribaykalsky District 423 357 66 28,900 19.52 16.47 0.30%
Selenginsky District 628 522 106 47,500 17.63 14.65 0.30%
Tarbagataysky District 205 216 -11 16,900 16.17 17.04 -0.09%
Tunkinsky District 304 249 55 23,000 17.62 14.43 0.32%
Khorinsky District 314 222 92 19,200 21.81 15.42 0.64%
Barguzinsky District 367 272 95 25,600 19.11 14.17 0.49%
Bauntovsky Evenkiysky District 126 92 34 10,500 16.00 11.68 0.43%
Kurumkansky District 232 129 103 15,600 19.83 11.03 0.88%
Muysky District 179 112 67 15,600 15.30 9.57 0.57%
Okinsky District 73 37 36 5,100 19.08 9.67 0.94%
Severo-Baykalsky District 196 161 35 15,200 17.19 14.12 0.31%
Severobaykalsk 259 174 85 25,600 13.49 9.06 0.44%

History

The area of the modern day Buryatia was first colonized in the 1600s by Russians in search of wealth, furs and gold. In 1923, the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created through the union of the Buryat-Mongol and Mongol-Buryat Oblasts. In 1937, Aga Buryatia and Ust-Orda Buryatia were detached from the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR and merged with the Chita and Irkutsk oblasts, respectively. Besides, the Olkhon district was transferred from the Buryat-Mongolina ASSR to the Irkutsk oblast.

Politics

Modern Buryat home with instruments, scrolls, and weapons typical of Buryatia

The head of government in Buryatia is the President, who is appointed by the President of Russia for a four-year term. Between 1991-2007, the President was Leonid Vasilyevich Potapov, who was elected on July 1, 1994, re-elected in 1998 (with 63.25% of votes), and then re-elected again on June 23, 2002 (with over 67% of votes). Prior to the elections, Potapov was the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic—the highest post at that time.

The Republic's parliament is the People's Khural, popularly elected every four years. The People's Khural has 65 deputies.

The Republic's Constitution was adopted on February 22, 1994.

Economy

The republic's economy is composed of important agricultural and commercial products including wheat, vegetables, potatoes, timber, leather, graphite and textiles. Fishing, hunting, fur farming, sheep and cattle farming, mining, stock raising, engineering, and food processing are also important economic generators.

Education

The higher education institutions of the republic include Buryatia State University, Buryat State Academy of Agriculture, East Siberian State Academy of Arts and Culture, and East Siberian State Technological Institute.

Religion

Landscape of southern Buryatia

Tibetan Buddhism, Shamanism, and Orthodox Christianity are the most widespread religions in Buryatia.

Tourism

Lake Baikal is a popular tourist destination, especially in summer.

See also

References

  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ^ "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  4. ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  5. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  6. ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.

Sources

  • Верховный Совет Республики Бурятия. 22 февраля 1994 г. «Республика Бурятия. Конституция», в ред. Закона №332-IV от 7 июля 2008 г. (Supreme Council of the Buryat Republic. February 22, 1994 Buryat Republic. Constitution, as amended by the Law #332-IV of July 7, 2008. ).

Further reading

  • Leisse, Olaf (2007). "A Siberian Challenge: Dealing with Multiethnicity in the Republic of Buryatia". Nationalities Papers. 35 (4): 773–788. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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