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== Candidature project ==
== Candidature project ==
[[File:Rio de Janeiro bid project for the 2016 Summer Olympics.jpg|left|thumb|The project proposed by the [[Rio de Janeiro Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games]] (ROCOG) to become the [[Rowing]] competition venue of [[Rio de Janeiro]].]]
[[File:Rio de Janeiro bid project for the 2016 Summer Olympics.jpg|left|thumb|The project proposed by the [[Rio de Janeiro Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games]] (ROCOG) to become the [[Rowing]] competition venue of [[Rio de Janeiro]].]]

Rio de Janeiro proposes the execution of all sports competitions within the city limits, in exception of [[Football at the Olympics|football]] competitions which would be held in the cities of [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Brasília]], [[Salvador (Bahia)|Salvador]] and São Paulo; making the games more compact and technically feasible.<ref name="BOC CF 2"/><ref name="ROCOG 52">{{ citation | title = Technically-excellent Games and an Olympic Village combining comfort and functionality | url = http://www.rio2016.org/en/Noticias/Noticia.aspx?idConteudo=841 | accessdate = [[May 5]], [[2009]]. | date = [[April 30]], [[2009]] | publisher = (ROCOG) | location = [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] }}</ref><ref name="ROCOG 53">{{ citation | title = Rio 2016 Bid Committee presents games vision at Sportaccord 2009 | url = http://www.rio2016.com/en/Noticias/Noticia.aspx?idConteudo=800 | accessdate = [[May 5]], [[2009]]. | date = [[March 26]], [[2009]] | publisher = (ROCOG) | location = [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] }}</ref><ref name="GB 42">{{ citation | title = Rio 2016 A "Celebration City" | url = http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/olympic_bids/rio_2016/1216134296.html | accessdate = [[May 5]], [[2009]]. | date = [[April 17]], [[2009]] | publisher = (GB) | location = [[Toronto]], [[Canada]] }}</ref> The competition venues will be located in four Olympic zones—[[Barra da Tijuca|Barra]], [[Copacabana (Rio de Janeiro)|Copacabana]], [[Deodoro Military Club|Deodoro]], and [[Maracanã (neighborhood)|Maracanã]]—and divided in seven Olympic clusters—Barra, Copacabana, Deodoro, [[Flamengo]], [[Estádio Olímpico João Havelange|João Havelange]], [[Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas|Lagoa]] and Maracanã—with four Olympic precints—Maracanã, Olympic Park, Riocentro and X Park.<ref name="BOC CF 2"/><ref name="GB 43">{{ citation | title = Rio 2016 IOC Inspection - Day Two | url = http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/olympic_bids/rio_2016/1216134329.html | accessdate = [[May 5]], [[2009]]. | date = [[May 1]], [[2009]] | publisher = (GB) | location = [[Toronto]], [[Canada]] }}</ref> The Olympic and Paralympic Village, the [[International Broadcast Centre]] (IBC) and the [[Main Press Centre]] (MPC) will be located at the Barra zone, wich is the main region of the project and includes the largest number of competition venues.<ref name="BOC CF 2"/><ref name="BOC CF 17">{{ citation | title = Rio de Janeiro 2016 Candidate File | url = http://www.rio2016.org.br/sumarioexecutivo/sumario/English/Per%20Volume/Volume%203_eng.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = [[May 5]], [[2009]]. | volume = 3 | date = [[February 16]], [[2009]] | publisher = (BOC) | location = [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] | chapter = Media operations | chapterurl = http://www.rio2016.org.br/sumarioexecutivo/sumario/English/Per%20Theme/Volume%203/Theme_17.pdf }}</ref><ref name="ROCOG 54">{{ citation | title = Political and economic climate, finance, and Paralympic Games on agenda for day two of IOC Commission visit to Rio | url = http://www.rio2016.com/en/Noticias/Noticia.aspx?idConteudo=838 | accessdate = [[May 5]], [[2009]]. | date = [[April 30]], [[2009]] | publisher = (ROCOG) | location = [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] }}</ref> A television tower will be built at IBC/MPC complex to complement broadcast operations and provide panoramic studios.<ref name="BOC CF 17"/><ref name="ROCOG 55">{{ citation | title = Eike Batista embraces Rio 2016 campaign | url = http://www.rio2016.com/en/Noticias/Noticia.aspx?idConteudo=820 | accessdate = [[May 5]], [[2009]]. | date = [[April 8]], [[2009]] | publisher = (ROCOG) | location = [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] }}</ref> Whitin the same complex and secured for exclusive use of the media will be a hotel, accessible directly from the IBC/MPC.<ref name="BOC CF 17"/><ref name="BOC CF 18">{{ citation | title = Rio de Janeiro 2016 Candidate File | url = http://www.rio2016.org.br/sumarioexecutivo/sumario/English/Per%20Volume/Volume%203_eng.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = [[May 5]], [[2009]]. | volume = 3 | date = [[February 16]], [[2009]] | publisher = (BOC) | location = [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] | chapter = Technology | chapterurl = http://www.rio2016.org.br/sumarioexecutivo/sumario/English/Per%20Theme/Volume%203/Theme_16.pdf }}</ref> The Olympic and Paralympic Village will provide 8,856 rooms and will accommodate over 17,770 athletes and team officials, including accredited additional officials.<ref name="BOC CF 19">{{ citation | title = Rio de Janeiro 2016 Candidate File | url = http://www.rio2016.org.br/sumarioexecutivo/sumario/English/Per%20Volume/Volume%202_eng.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = [[May 5]], [[2009]]. | volume = 3 | date = [[February 16]], [[2009]] | publisher = (BOC) | location = [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] | chapter = Olympic Village | chapterurl = http://www.rio2016.org.br/sumarioexecutivo/sumario/English/Per%20Theme/Volume%202/Theme_11.pdf }}</ref> The complex also has the Olympic Village Training Center, the Olympic Village Park, the Olympic Beach and has direct access to the Olympic Park.<ref name="BOC CF 19"/><ref name="ROCOG 56">{{ citation | title = Rio 2016 presented to British business people | url = http://www.rio2016.com/en/Noticias/Noticia.aspx?idConteudo=804 | accessdate = [[May 5]], [[2009]]. | date = [[March 27]], [[2009]] | publisher = (ROCOG) | location = [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] }}</ref>


Rio de Janeiro is located in a coastal mountain system of great contrasts, with steep mountains and rocky outcrops rising abruptly over extensive plains.<ref name="BOC CF 7">{{ citation | title = Rio de Janeiro 2016 Candidate File | url = http://urutau.proderj.rj.gov.br/rio2016_imagens/sumario/English/Per%20Volume/Volume%201_eng.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = [[February 20]], [[2009]]. | volume = 1 | date = [[February 16]], [[2009]] | publisher = Brazilian Olympic Committee | location = [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] | chapter = Environment and meteorology | chapterurl = http://urutau.proderj.rj.gov.br/rio2016_imagens/sumario/English/Per%20Theme/Volume%201/Theme_06.pdf }}</ref><ref name="IOC WGR 4">{{ citation | title = 2016 Working Group Report | url = http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_1317.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = [[March 3]], [[2009]]. | series = Games of the XXXI Olympiad | date = [[March 14]], [[2008]] | publisher = International Olympic Committee | location = [[Lausanne]], [[Switzerland]] | pages = 56-61 | chapter = Environmental conditions and impact }}</ref> Due to its geographical location, Rio de Janeiro does not expierence [[earthquake]]s, [[hurricane]]s or [[typhoon]]s.<ref name="BOC CF 7"/> Athletes will enjoy good climatic conditions in Rio de Janeiro, a city whose meteorological characteristics are strongly influenced by the landscape and ocean.<ref name="BOC CF 7"/> The mild [[southern hemisphere]] winter climate provides optimal environment for athlete performance.<ref name="BOC AF 1"/><ref name="BOC CF 7"/> Pleasantly warm days, cool nights and the absence of heavy rainfall combine to produce a favorable atmosphere for spectators to watch the competition.<ref name="BOC AF 1"/><ref name="BOC CF 7"/> During the proposed dates for the Olympics, Rio de Janeiro have an average midday temperature of {{convert|24.2|°C|°F}}, with a minimum and maximum temperature range from {{convert|18.9|°C|°F}} to {{convert|28.1|°C|°F}} and humidity levels of 66.4%.<ref name="BOC AF 1"/> The ten-year average rainfall during this two-week period is only 4.6&nbsp;mm, with some light precipitation experienced over five days.<ref name="BOC AF 1"/> Wind conditions are ideal for [[Sailing]], [[Rowing]] and [[Canoe]]-[[Kayak]], which will be held in venues regularly and sucessfully used for international competitions and signed off by their respective IFs with respect to wind conditions.<ref name="BOC CF 7"/> Storms or major weather disruptions are uncommon within this timeframe.<ref name="BOC AF 1"/><ref name="BOC CF 7"/>
Rio de Janeiro is located in a coastal mountain system of great contrasts, with steep mountains and rocky outcrops rising abruptly over extensive plains.<ref name="BOC CF 7">{{ citation | title = Rio de Janeiro 2016 Candidate File | url = http://urutau.proderj.rj.gov.br/rio2016_imagens/sumario/English/Per%20Volume/Volume%201_eng.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = [[February 20]], [[2009]]. | volume = 1 | date = [[February 16]], [[2009]] | publisher = Brazilian Olympic Committee | location = [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] | chapter = Environment and meteorology | chapterurl = http://urutau.proderj.rj.gov.br/rio2016_imagens/sumario/English/Per%20Theme/Volume%201/Theme_06.pdf }}</ref><ref name="IOC WGR 4">{{ citation | title = 2016 Working Group Report | url = http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_1317.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = [[March 3]], [[2009]]. | series = Games of the XXXI Olympiad | date = [[March 14]], [[2008]] | publisher = International Olympic Committee | location = [[Lausanne]], [[Switzerland]] | pages = 56-61 | chapter = Environmental conditions and impact }}</ref> Due to its geographical location, Rio de Janeiro does not expierence [[earthquake]]s, [[hurricane]]s or [[typhoon]]s.<ref name="BOC CF 7"/> Athletes will enjoy good climatic conditions in Rio de Janeiro, a city whose meteorological characteristics are strongly influenced by the landscape and ocean.<ref name="BOC CF 7"/> The mild [[southern hemisphere]] winter climate provides optimal environment for athlete performance.<ref name="BOC AF 1"/><ref name="BOC CF 7"/> Pleasantly warm days, cool nights and the absence of heavy rainfall combine to produce a favorable atmosphere for spectators to watch the competition.<ref name="BOC AF 1"/><ref name="BOC CF 7"/> During the proposed dates for the Olympics, Rio de Janeiro have an average midday temperature of {{convert|24.2|°C|°F}}, with a minimum and maximum temperature range from {{convert|18.9|°C|°F}} to {{convert|28.1|°C|°F}} and humidity levels of 66.4%.<ref name="BOC AF 1"/> The ten-year average rainfall during this two-week period is only 4.6&nbsp;mm, with some light precipitation experienced over five days.<ref name="BOC AF 1"/> Wind conditions are ideal for [[Sailing]], [[Rowing]] and [[Canoe]]-[[Kayak]], which will be held in venues regularly and sucessfully used for international competitions and signed off by their respective IFs with respect to wind conditions.<ref name="BOC CF 7"/> Storms or major weather disruptions are uncommon within this timeframe.<ref name="BOC AF 1"/><ref name="BOC CF 7"/>

Revision as of 01:46, 7 May 2009

Bids for the
2016 (2016) Summer Olympics
Overview
Games of the XXXI Olympiad
Rio de Janeiro bid logo for the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.
Rio de Janeiro bid slogan for the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.

Shortlist: Chicago · Madrid · Rio de Janeiro · Tokyo
Details
CityRio de Janeiro, Brazil
NOCBrazilian Olympic Committee (BOC)
Evaluation
IOC score6.4
Previous Games hosted
None • Bid for: 1936 | 1940 | 2004 | 2012
(South America never hosted the competition)

Rio de Janeiro is submitting a bid to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).[1][2] The Committee shortlisted four of the seven applicant cities—Chicago (United States), Madrid (Spain), Tokyo (Japan), and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); over Baku (Azerbaijan), Doha (Qatar), and Prague (Czech Republic)—in June 4, 2008 during an announcement in Athens, Greece.[3][4] This is followed by a lengthy and intensive bidding process which will finish with the election of the host city at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen, Denmark, on October 2, 2009.[1][3][5]

Rio de Janeiro was chosen over São Paulo by the Brazilian Olympic Committee (BOC) as the national postulant city for the XXXI Olympiad in September 1, 2006, starting a process of ten years until the Olympics.[6] This is the first time that the city has proceeded to the Candidature phase, after four failed attempts in 1936, 1940, 2004 and 2012.[7] Rio de Janeiro would become the first Brazilian and South American city to host the games,[6] and with the 2014 World Cup ensured to Brazil,[8] could make the fourth double hosting in history; after Mexico in 1968 and 1970, Germany in 1972 and 1974, and the United States in 1994 and 1996.[9][10]

Rio de Janeiro is planning to perform all the competitions inside the city, compressing the games, as was done in the XV Pan American Games.[11][12] There will be seven competition clusters—Barra, Copacabana, Deodoro, Flamengo, João Havelange, Lagoa and Maracanã—in four Olympic zones—Barra, Copacabana, Deodoro, and Maracanã—[13] where football matches will be held in the cities of Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Salvador and São Paulo.[11][14] The proposed dates range from August 5 to August 21 for the Olympic Games, and September 7 (Independence Day of Brazil) to September 18 for the Paralympic Games.[13][15]

Candidature process

Rio de Janeiro was chosen by the Brazilian Olympic Committee (BOC) Assembly as the national postulant city to the 2016 Summer Olympics, in September 1, 2006.

Rio de Janeiro's bidding process began in July 28, 2006, when the Executive Council of the Brazilian Olympic Committee (BOC) met to consider the possibility of nomination of a Brazilian city to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.[6][16] This meeting was motivated by the fact that several cities in the world have already been mobilized, very early, around the election, with some already announced their postulation.[6] In September 1, 2006, the BOC's Annual Assembly decided unanimously that the city of Rio de Janeiro would be the Brazilian postulant city to the application of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, defeating its traditional rival, São Paulo.[6][17] The Assembly felt that Rio de Janeiro was the only city in Brazil and Latin America which will have Olympic-level facilities ready for the postulation, based on its hosting of the XV Pan American Games.[17][18][19][20] Another positive aspect was the fact that the Rio de Janeiro can host all the Olympic sports within the city.[17] The Brazilian government immediately expressed its support for the candidacy of Rio de Janeiro to the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.[17][21] The BOC's President, Carlos Arthur Nuzman, and then mayor of Rio de Janeiro, César Maia, approved the choice, making Rio de Janeiro the Brazilian postulant city to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.[22][23][24][25]

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) launched the bid process for the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics in May 16, 2007.[26] All then 203 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) were invited to submit the name of a city within their jurisdiction as an applicant to host the 2016 Games.[27] NOCs had until September 13, 2007, to notify the IOC that a city within their jurisdiction was interested in applying.[28][29] In September 14, 2007, the IOC announced that Baku, Chicago, Doha, Madrid, Prague, Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo, had been put forward by their respective NOCs to apply to host the Summer Olympics and Paralympics in 2016.[2][30][31] In October 18, 2007, Rio de Janeiro attended the 2016 Applicant Cities' Seminar in Lausanne, Switzerland.[32][33][34] The seven applicant cities returned their Application Files to the IOC in January 14, 2008, which contain their responses to the IOC's Candidature Acceptance Procedure and Questionnaire for the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.[35] The Application File, which marks the first phase in the procedure, should, through the responses to the 25 questions asked and guarantees requested, provide the IOC with an overview of each applicant city's project.[35] The responses would be studied by the IOC Working Group and the IOC Executive Board, the latter meeting to decide which cities would be accepted as candidate cities.[35]

Following a detailed study of the submitted Applicant Files, the IOC announced in June 4, 2008, that Chicago, Tokyo, Rio de Janeiro, and Madrid had made it on to the shortlist.[3][36] The selection was made by the IOC's Executive Board in Athens, Greece.[4][37] The decision was based on a technical analysis of the applications submitted in January 14, 2008.[3][38] The analysis and subsequent report was made by a Working Group of Olympic Games experts who assessed each applicant city's potential for staging successful Summer Olympics and Paralympics in 2016.[3] The technical assessment was based in a variety of areas such as venues, transport, accommodation and security.[3] Between August 5 and August 26, 2008, the Organising Committees from the four candidate cities participated in the Olympic Games Observer Program during the 2008 Summer Olympics held in Beijing, China.[39][40] In February 12, 2009, the IOC annouced that it had received the Candidature Files of the four candidate cities.[41][42][43] In February 19, 2009, the Candidature File was delivered to the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) in Bonn, Germany.[44] The Rio de Janeiro 2016 Candidate File is 2.50 m (8 ft 2 in) in height, and 700 kilograms (1,500 lb) in weight with three volumes containing 568 pages of detailed answers to 300 technical questions divided into 17 themes.[45]

Candidature details

Rio de Janeiro has full support from the three levels of Brazilian government—Federal, State and Local—and a strong popular support for the candidature.

Rio de Janeiro submitted bids for the 1936, 1940, 2004 and 2012 Summer Olympics, but failed to qualify for the short-list in the four times.[46] Rio de Janeiro tried again to submit a bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, and for the first time, advanced to the second phase.[24][47] In March 14, 2008, the IOC's 2016 Working Group released its evaluation report.[48] Through analysis of the Applicant Files, the IOC gave a weighted-average score to each city—Tokyo scored 8.3, Madrid 8.1, Chicago 7.0, Doha 6.9, Rio de Janeiro 6.4, Prague 5.3, and Baku 4.3—based on the scores obtained in each of the questionnaire's eleven themes: political and social support, general infrastructure, sports venues, Olympic Village, environment, accommodation, transport, security, past experience, finance, and legacy.[49][50] The IOC's decision to select Rio de Janeiro over Doha, generated criticism.[51][52] The Doha Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (DOCOG) accused the IOC of "closing the door on the Arab world" and of make a political decision rather than technical grounds.[53] Doha outperformed Rio de Janeiro in the majority of the categories assessed by the IOC.[53] According to the IOC, Doha's desire to stage the Summer Olympics in October rather than the traditional mid-summer time frame because of high temperatures was the reason the city was rejected.[54][55]

The IOC announced in September 18, 2008, the composition of the Evaluation Commission which visited the four candidate cities.[56][57] The commission, composed of representatives from the Olympic Movement and advisors, was led by Nawal El Moutawakel, who chaired the Evaluation Commission for the 2012 Summer Olympics bid process.[56][58] In April 27, 2009, the IOC Evaluation Commission arrived in Rio de Janeiro to assess the conditions of the candidature of the city.[59] According to IOC Members, the welcoming activities prepared by the city were the best so far.[60] Between April 27 and 28, 2009, the Commission held internal meetings at Copacabana Palace, chosen to be the host hotel.[61] Between April 29 and 30, 2009, the Evaluation Commission attended technical presentations and participated in question and answer sessions on each of the 17 themes presented in the Candidature File.[61][62] Between May 1 and 2, 2009, the inspection team visited all the existing venues across the city.[63] After seven days of inspections involving 300 professionals from the ROCOG and the three levels of government of Brazil, the 13 members of the IOC Evaluation Commission—of which 7 are voting members—left Rio de Janeiro on the way to Madrid in May 3, 2009.[61][64] According to Moutawakel, the Comission was very impressed and all that was seen was positive.[65]

In May 4, 2009, the ROCOG accused the Madrid Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (MOCOG) to sent a spy to Rio de Janeiro during the inspection of the candidature, considering filing a formal ethics complaint with the IOC.[66] The IOC Evaluation Commission analysed the candidature files of the four candidate cities and did on-site inspections from April 2 to 7 in Chicago, from April 14 to 19 in Tokyo; from April 27 to May 2 in Rio de Janeiro and from May 4 to 9 in Madrid.[67][68][69] The Comission will issuing a comprehensive technical appraisal for IOC members one month before they elect the host city on October 2, 2009, in Copenhagen, Denmark.[56][59][70][71] The election of the host city takes place in a country which does not have a candidate city for the Games in question.[72] Copenhagen was chosen over Athens, Busan, Cairo, Riga, Singapore and Taipei, in February 8, 2006, by the 118th IOC Session held in Turin, Italy to stage the 13th Olympic Congress, together with the meetings of the Executive Board and the 121st IOC Session.[73] The IOC Executive Board then draws up the candidate cities to be submitted for a vote by the IOC Session to elect the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics host city.[72][74] The procedure leading to the election of the host city for the Olympic and Paralympic Games is governed by the Olympic Charter.[72][75]

Template:Ob start

Table of scores given by the IOC Working Group to assess the quality and feasibility of Rio de Janeiro's bid[76]
This table:
Criteria Weight Grade[α] Feasibility
Min Max Planned Min Max
Accommodation 5 5.5 6.4 3–5 star rooms 0.7 0.9
  Accommodation concept (20%) 5.0 7.0 Media villages 0.7 0.8
  Number of rooms (80%) Other rooms 0.6 0.9
Environmental conditions and impact 2 5.6 7.6 0.80
  Current environmental conditions (40%) 5.0 7.0 0.85
  Environmental impact (60%) 6.0 8.0 0.85
Experience from past sports events 2 6.6 7.9
  Number of major international events organized (60%) 7.0 8.5 Categories[β]
  Quality of the events (40%) 6.0 7.0 Commercial revenue
Finance 3 6.0 7.7 Commercial revenue projection of USD 750 million considered feasible. Brazil listed at A4 by COFACE Country Risk Rating out of seven risk levels (A1, A2, A3, A4, B, C and D, in order of increasing risk).
General infrastructure 5 5.3 7.2
  Airport (5%) 5.0 7.5
  International Broadcast Center–Main Press Center (15%) 6.0 8.0
  Transport infrastructure (85%) Existing 5.0 7.0 Telecommunications
Planned and additional 7.0 9.0 Brazil appear to offer a satisfactory level of development with modernisation plans underway that would support the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, according to an IDATE Report.
Government support, legal issues and public opinion 3 7.3 8.8
  Government support & commitment (70%) 7.0 9.0
  Olympic Charter, legal aspects and anti-doping measures (15%) 8.0 9.0
  Public opinion (15%) 7.7
Olympic Village 3 6.0 7.7 Glossary
  Concept (40%) 6.0 8.0
  • Grade: Value (on a scale of 0 to 10) attributed by the IOC Working Group to the main and sub-criteria, using the format of an interval comprising a minimum and maximum grade.
  • Feasibility: Probability of a project being achieved in the proposed timeframe. A factor (value of 0.1 to 1.0) applicable to the grades can penalise the project to which it is attributed.
  • Weight: Importance given by the IOC Working Group to a main or sub-criterion in relation to other criteria or sub-criteria.
  Legacy (20%) 8.0 9.0
  Location (40%) 6.0 8.0
Overall project and legacy 3 5.5 8.0
Safety and security 3 4.5 7.0
Sports venues 4 5.8 7.4
  Existing venues (35%) 5.0 7.0
  Olympic Games sports concept & legacy (30%) 6.0 8.0
  Planned and additional venues (35%) 6.5 8.0 Notes
Transport concept 3 5.5 7.5

α The IOC Working Group set the benchmark at 6 as the minimum required grade.
β The IOC Working Group commissioned reports about the presented categories instead of attributing grades based on the Applicant File.

  Distances and travel times (50%) 5.0 7.0
  Transport organisation and traffic management at Games-time (50%) 6.0 8.0
Total average 6.4

Template:Ob end

Candidature concept

Rio de Janeiro has gained experience with the organization of major sporting events like the XV Pan American Games, improving its poor infrastructure.

According to the Rio de Janeiro Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (ROCOG), its concept is based on four principles—technical excellence, experience of a lifetime, transformation and supporting the Olympic and Paralympic Movements.[77][78][79] The Technical excellence principle include infrastructure aspects such as the Games Plan, Olympic and Paralympic villages, accommodation, transport, security and financial certainty.[77][80][81] From these, the most controversial segment is the security, criticized for its numerous failures.[82] The Experience of a lifetime principle comprises client partnerships, full stadiums and sport presentation.[77][83] The Transformation principle meets environment and social issues as the regeneration of the portuary region, sustainability and social inclusion.[77][84] According to the ROCOG, the Summer Olympics and Paralympics will embed the Games in society through programs for job generation, education, community outreach, volunteerism, training and up-skilling initiatives.[85] The last principle, Supporting the Olympic and Paralympic Movements, combines the interests of expansion of the Olympic and Paralympic movements.[77] Using the Olympics Live initiative and the influence power of Brazil in South America, the ROCOG hopes impact a new audience for the Olympic and Paralympic brands, supporting the International Olympic Committee (IOC) strategy.[85][86]

The visual identity of the candidature of Rio de Janeiro consists of a logo and a slogan.[87] The logo designed by Ana Soter was selected by a jury from among four finalists, and unveiled during the 2007 Brazilian Olympic Awards, held at the Municipal Theater of Rio de Janeiro in December 17, 2007.[87][88][89] The Sugarloaf Mountain was chosen as a symbol, representing the natural richness of Rio de Janeiro.[88] According to the ROCOG, the design as a whole conveys a heart shape, representing Brazilians' passion and enthusiasm for sports.[88][90] Through its mirroring effect, the symbol also forms a stylized clover.[88] In January 1, 2009, the ROCOG launched the Rio de Janeiro's Olympic slogan "Live your passion" during the New Year's Eve.[87][91][92] According to the ROCOG, the campaign reflects the Brazilian people's way of getting passionately involved in whatever they do.[93] The slogan was projected onto a Rio de Janeiro 2016-themed big wheel immediately after the ten-second countdown to the beginning of 2009.[94] The Rio de Janeiro 2016 big wheel was constructed at the Copacabana beach by the ROCOG to promote the candidature of Rio de Janeiro.[95] It is 36 m (118 ft 1 in) high, weighs 80 tonnes (180,000 lb) and has 24 gondolas with a capacity for 144 people.[96] Approximately two million people attended the official launch of Rio de Janeiro's bid slogan.[95][96]

Rio de Janeiro has previously hosted major sporting, business and cultural events.[97][98] On the sporting front, these events have included World Cups and World Championships in many Olympic sports and Regional Championships.[99][100] From July 13 to July 29, 2007, the city successfully staged the largest ever Pan American Games (with more than 5,650 athletes competing in 34 sports) and the accompanying Parapan American Games (with more than 1,150 athletes competing in 10 sports).[101][102][103] Rio de Janeiro hosted the 1950 FIFA World Cup and will host the 2014 FIFA World Cup two years before the Olympic Games, including upgrades to security, telecommunications, and tourism infrastructure.[104][105] The 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup will be held and used as a test event for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.[97] The proposed competition schedule spreads medals across the entire program, with two peaks at the weekends to coincide with prime time for spectators and television viewers.[13] The period proposed by the ROCOG to stage the Olympics is from Friday, August 5, to Sunday, August 21, 2016.[78] It is proposed that the Paralympics commence seventeen days after the Closing Ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics with the 2016 Summer Paralympics Opening Ceremony on Wednesday, September 7 and the Games being conducted through to Sunday, September 18, 2016.[106]

Template:Ob start Template:Rio de Janeiro bid schedule for the 2016 Summer Olympics Template:Ob end

Politics

Main article: Politics of the Rio de Janeiro bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil, at the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics.

Rio de Janeiro has full political support and strong popular support.[107][108][109] The ROCOG will be the legal entity responsible for planning and staging the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.[110][111] The committee is under the leadership of an Honorary Council and an Executive Board.[112] The Honorary Council comprise the President of the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Governor of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the Mayor of the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, and the two IOC members of Brazil, Carlos Arthur Nuzman and João Havelange.[112] Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Sérgio Cabral Filho and Eduardo Paes have signed the guarantees and convenants required by the IOC, as well as some additional undertakings.[113][114][115] The Executive Board is chaired by Carlos Arthur Nuzman and Carlos Roberto Osório, President General and Secretary General of the ROGOC and the BOC, respectively.[107][112] Rio de Janeiro's government and all major political parties of Brazil have endorsed and pledged complete support for Rio de Janeiro's candidature and the ultimate conduct of the Summer Olympics and Paralympics in Brazil.[116][117] The candidature includes support from international federations and organizations.[118][119][120][121] The President of Brazil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, has formed a Federal government Inter-Ministerial Committee under the patronage of the Minister of Sport, Orlando Silva.[122][123][124] The Ministry of External Relations and the Ministry of Labor and Employment guaranteed the entry, exit and working arrangements for Games personnel; and all accredited persons in possession of a valid passport and an Olympic or Paralympic Indentity and Accreditation Card in lieu of a visa will be able to enter Brazil.[125][126]

Finance

Main article: Finance of the Rio de Janeiro bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics
ROCOG's President Carlos Arthur Nuzman presenting the specifications of Rio de Janeiro.

The three levels of Brazilian government have guaranteed the provision of a range of services and support to the bid at no cost including security, medical services, customs, transport, immigration, and other governmental services and support.[127][128][129] Rio de Janeiro has already approved funding of US$240 billion from the Program for Growth Accelaration (PAC).[127][130][131] Other revenue generation activities include sponsorship sales, the ticketing program, licensing and merchandising.[130][132][133] These revenues will be supplemented by IOC secured commercial and broadcast contribution.[127][130][134] Capital expenditure on infrastructure by the government or the private sector include already committed and ongoing investments of US$3.9 billion on projects such as airport and subway expansions and construction of the metropolitan road arc.[127][135][136] The ROCOG budget does not assume any capital contributions to the construction of permanent or legacy venues, other than for Games overlay, including the construction of temporary venues.[127][137][138] The balance of ROCOG expenditures will be funded by the public sector, involving a combination of Federal, State and Municipal commitments.[130][139][140] The ROCOG budget and operating expenses is projected at US$2.8 billion, with its Olympic-related budget, including capital investments in transportation, sports venues and incremental costs being US$11.6 billion.[127][130][141] The budgets for the Applicant and Candidature phases of Rio de Janeiro is projected at US$42 million.[130][142][143] The President of Brazil submitted guarantees to cover any potential shortfall in the ROCOG budget, supported by the governments of the State and the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro.[144][145][146]

Infrastructure

Main article: Infrastructure of the Rio de Janeiro bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics
File:Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic banner.jpg
Olympic banner at the entrance for the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Ferris wheel in Copacabana beach.

Rio de Janeiro's infrastructure, systems, management structures and staff readiness will be tested thoroughly during the 2014 FIFA World Cup, as well as during dedicated transport test events in 2015.[147][148][149] Rio de Janeiro proposes to use cruise ships and condominium apartments to overcome a possible shortage in the number of hotel rooms.[150][151] Media would be accommodated in a combination of media villages and hotels.[150] There will be 49,750 rooms to meet IOC requirements.[152] More than 13,000 rooms have been secured in the city in a wide range of hotels, and some 1,700 rooms in apart-hotels.[153][154] Six modern cruise ships will provide more than 8,500 cabins.[153][155] Rio de Janeiro plans to implement 150 km (93 mi) of Olympic lanes connecting the four Olympic zones and the Antônio Carlos Jobim International Airport.[156] An existing corridor of high capacity rail and metro systems as well as motorways and major roads links three of the four Olympic zones, and with the development of the western corridor, all four zones will be connected.[157] Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system is going to be the main solution to the city's topography.[158][159] Security and disaster-related risks for the event will be mitigated by the implementation of a comprehensive security operation.[160] Crime in parts of Rio de Janeiro was considered to be an issue for the safety of people attending the Summer Olympics.[161][162] The Federal Government of Brazil will have ultimate responsibility for security of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.[163][164][165] Rio de Janeiro's expierence in sucessfully securing events such as the 2004 Summer Olympics torch relay and the Carnival will ensure delivery of a sucessful security operation.[160][166]

Candidature project

The project proposed by the Rio de Janeiro Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (ROCOG) to become the Rowing competition venue of Rio de Janeiro.

Rio de Janeiro proposes the execution of all sports competitions within the city limits, in exception of football competitions which would be held in the cities of Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Salvador and São Paulo; making the games more compact and technically feasible.[13][167][168][169] The competition venues will be located in four Olympic zones—Barra, Copacabana, Deodoro, and Maracanã—and divided in seven Olympic clusters—Barra, Copacabana, Deodoro, Flamengo, João Havelange, Lagoa and Maracanã—with four Olympic precints—Maracanã, Olympic Park, Riocentro and X Park.[13][170] The Olympic and Paralympic Village, the International Broadcast Centre (IBC) and the Main Press Centre (MPC) will be located at the Barra zone, wich is the main region of the project and includes the largest number of competition venues.[13][171][172] A television tower will be built at IBC/MPC complex to complement broadcast operations and provide panoramic studios.[171][173] Whitin the same complex and secured for exclusive use of the media will be a hotel, accessible directly from the IBC/MPC.[171][174] The Olympic and Paralympic Village will provide 8,856 rooms and will accommodate over 17,770 athletes and team officials, including accredited additional officials.[175] The complex also has the Olympic Village Training Center, the Olympic Village Park, the Olympic Beach and has direct access to the Olympic Park.[175][176]

Rio de Janeiro is located in a coastal mountain system of great contrasts, with steep mountains and rocky outcrops rising abruptly over extensive plains.[108][113] Due to its geographical location, Rio de Janeiro does not expierence earthquakes, hurricanes or typhoons.[108] Athletes will enjoy good climatic conditions in Rio de Janeiro, a city whose meteorological characteristics are strongly influenced by the landscape and ocean.[108] The mild southern hemisphere winter climate provides optimal environment for athlete performance.[78][108] Pleasantly warm days, cool nights and the absence of heavy rainfall combine to produce a favorable atmosphere for spectators to watch the competition.[78][108] During the proposed dates for the Olympics, Rio de Janeiro have an average midday temperature of 24.2 °C (75.6 °F), with a minimum and maximum temperature range from 18.9 °C (66.0 °F) to 28.1 °C (82.6 °F) and humidity levels of 66.4%.[78] The ten-year average rainfall during this two-week period is only 4.6 mm, with some light precipitation experienced over five days.[78] Wind conditions are ideal for Sailing, Rowing and Canoe-Kayak, which will be held in venues regularly and sucessfully used for international competitions and signed off by their respective IFs with respect to wind conditions.[108] Storms or major weather disruptions are uncommon within this timeframe.[78][108]

Rio de Janeiro will build the 2016 Summer Paralympics on the experience in hosting the Parapan American Games in 2007, described by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) and the Brazilian Paralympic Committee (BPC) as the best ever edition of the competition.[86][88][91][93][110][53] The Summer Paralympics will provide an opportunity to promote the benefits of inclusion and generate a powerfull physical legacy through the creation of extended accessbility infrastructure, including at visitor attractions, iconic sites and events.[110] The partnership between the IPC and the ROCOG will further stimulate development of the Paralympic Movement in Brazil, throughout South America and beyond.[110][54] Competition venues for the 2016 Summer Paralympics have been selected in alignment with the Master Plan, its legacy strategy and on the basis of meeting Games technical requirements.[110] The athlete expierence is the other primary criterion, with world-class venues close to the Paralympic Village.[110] A third principle is that the Paralympic sports will be held in the same venues as their Olympic equivalent.[110] The competition schedule has been designed in accordance with previous Paralympic Games and with the requirements of each sport and the IPC.[110] With medals awarded over the eleven days of competition, the needs of athletes, media and spectators are all meet.[110]

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  167. ^ Technically-excellent Games and an Olympic Village combining comfort and functionality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: (ROCOG), April 30, 2009, retrieved May 5, 2009. {{citation}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
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See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rio de Janeiro bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

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