UEFA coefficient: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 14:54, 13 September 2010
In European football, the UEFA coefficients are statistics used for ranking and seeding teams in club and international competitions.
The coefficients are calculated by UEFA, who administer football within Europe. It uses three different coefficients:
- The coefficient of the national teams;
- The coefficient of national leagues;
- The coefficient of football clubs.
National team coefficient
Up to Euro 2008
The national team coefficient is derived from the results of the national football team of a nation. Until the end of the Euro 2008 tournament, it was calculated by dividing the number of points scored (three points for a win, one for a draw) by the number of matches played in the last two qualification rounds of the World Cup or European Championship. Play-off match results are ignored. For some countries only one qualifying round will be taken into account, if they were hosts of one of the last two events.
This coefficient is used by UEFA to determine in which "pot" a national team will be for the qualification tournaments of the European Championship, and the final tournament of the European Championship. Its usage as seeding criteria for the World Cup preliminaries ended when the UEFA executive committee decided to follow FIFA directives and used the FIFA rankings instead for the 2010 World Cup qualifying round draw. Each team in a pot is drawn into a separate qualifying group, thus keeping the bigger teams apart until the later stages of the competition.
If two or more associations have the same coefficient, the following criteria will be applied:
- coefficient from the matches played in its most recent qualifying competition,
- average goal difference,
- average number of goals scored,
- average number of away goals scored,
- drawing of lots.
After Euro 2008
On 20 May 2008, UEFA announced changes to the coefficient ranking system.[1][2] Under the new system, teams gain ranking points for each match played in the most recently completed five qualifying tournaments or finals of the World Cup or European Championships.
- 10,000 points are awarded for each match played,
- for an outcome of each match an additional 30,000 for winning, 20,000 for winning after a penalty shoot out, and 10,000 for a draw (including forcing, but failing to win, a penalty shoot-out),
- the finals tournament, or play-offs to determine qualification, are granted extra points, ranging from 6,000 to 38,000,
- 501 points are earned for a goal scored , and 500 lost for each goal conceded,
- points are divided by the number of games played,
- more recent tournaments have double the weighting of earlier tournaments,
- special arrangements are in place for hosts of competitions, who have therefore not participated in the qualifying tournament.
At the end of 2009, the European rankings were as follows:[3]
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League coefficient
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/UEFA_members_Champs_League_group_stage.gif/450px-UEFA_members_Champs_League_group_stage.gif)
The league coefficient is used to rank the leagues of Europe, and thus determine the number of clubs from a league that will participate in UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League.
The UEFA ranking determines the number of teams competing in the season after the next, not in the first season after the publication of the ranking. Thus, the 2011 ranking determines the allocation in 2012–13, not 2011–12.
This coefficient is determined by the results of the clubs of the leagues in UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League games over the past five seasons. Two points are awarded for each win by a club, and one for a draw. Goals scored in extra time do count in determining the outcome of a game, but any penalty kick result does not affect the allocation of points other than the bonus points. The number of points awarded each season is divided by the number of teams that participated for that nation in that season. This number is then rounded to three decimal places (e.g. 2 2/3 would be rounded to 2.667).
For the league coefficient the season's league coefficients for the last five seasons must be added up. In the preliminary rounds of both the Champions League and Europa League, the awarded points are halved. Bonus points are allocated for:
- Qualifying for the Champions League group phase. (4 bonus points)
- Reaching the second round of the Champions League. (5 bonus points)
- Reaching the quarter, semi and final of either the Champions League or the Europa League. (1 bonus point)
The bonus points are added to the number of points scored in a season.
Current ranking
The ranking at the end of the 2010–11 season determines the allocation in 2012–13 competitions. The rankings are as follows:[4]
Rank 2011 |
Rank 2010 |
Mvmt | League | 2006–07 | 2007–08 | 2008–09 | 2009–10 | 2010–11 | Coeff. | CL places | EL places | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | File:Yellow-Circle.svg — | ![]() |
16.625 | 17.875 | 15.000 | 17.928 | 3.357 | 70.785 | 4 | 3 | 7 |
2 | 2 | File:Yellow-Circle.svg — | ![]() |
19.000 | 13.875 | 13.312 | 17.928 | 2.214 | 66.329 | |||
3 | 4 | ![]() |
![]() |
9.500 | 13.500 | 12.687 | 18.083 | 3.333 | 57.103 | |||
4 | 3 | ![]() |
![]() |
11.928 | 10.250 | 11.375 | 15.428 | 2.857 | 51.838 | 3 | 6 | |
5 | 5 | File:Yellow-Circle.svg — | ![]() |
10.000 | 6.928 | 11.000 | 15.000 | 2.750 | 45.678 | |||
6 | 9 | ![]() |
![]() |
8.083 | 7.928 | 6.785 | 10.000 | 4.000 | 36.796 | |||
7 | 6 | ![]() |
![]() |
6.625 | 11.250 | 9.750 | 6.166 | 2.583 | 36.374 | 2 | 4 | |
8 | 7 | ![]() |
![]() |
6.500 | 4.875 | 16.625 | 5.800 | 2.416 | 36.216 | |||
9 | 11 | ![]() |
![]() |
6.100 | 9.750 | 7.000 | 7.600 | 2.600 | 33.050 | |||
10 | 10 | File:Yellow-Circle.svg — | ![]() |
8.214 | 5.000 | 6.333 | 9.416 | 3.166 | 32.129 | 3 | 5 | |
11 | 12 | ![]() |
![]() |
4.666 | 7.500 | 6.500 | 7.900 | 2.800 | 29.366 | |||
12 | 15 | ![]() |
![]() |
6.125 | 5.125 | 8.200 | 4.400 | 3.500 | 27.350 | |||
13 | 8 | ![]() |
![]() |
11.333 | 2.600 | 2.642 | 6.083 | 1.833 | 24.491 | |||
14 | 14 | File:Yellow-Circle.svg — | ![]() |
4.700 | 4.500 | 4.500 | 8.700 | 2.000 | 24.400 | |||
15 | 16 | ![]() |
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6.750 | 10.250 | 1.875 | 2.666 | 2.000 | 23.541 | |||
16 | 13 | ![]() |
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4.100 | 6.250 | 2.900 | 5.750 | 3.100 | 22.100 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
17 | 20 | ![]() |
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6.000 | 2.375 | 1.750 | 7.250 | 3.625 | 21.000 | |||
18 | 19 | ![]() |
![]() |
1.500 | 3.200 | 2.250 | 9.375 | 3.375 | 19.700 | |||
19 | 18 | ![]() |
![]() |
5.750 | 5.125 | 2.375 | 4.100 | 1.500 | 18.850 | |||
20 | 21 | ![]() |
![]() |
1.750 | 2.666 | 6.333 | 4.250 | 3.125 | 18.124 | |||
21 | 17 | ![]() |
![]() |
5.125 | 2.750 | 2.250 | 3.125 | 2.875 | 16.125 | |||
22 | 23 | ![]() |
![]() |
2.000 | 2.166 | 4.833 | 2.500 | 3.000 | 14.499 | |||
23 | 27 | ![]() |
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1.000 | 3.666 | 4.333 | 3.000 | 2.375 | 14.374 | |||
24 | 25 | ![]() |
![]() |
2.125 | 2.625 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.500 | 14.250 | |||
25 | 24 | ![]() |
![]() |
1.125 | 5.400 | 2.500 | 2.500 | 2.600 | 14.125 | |||
26 | 22 | ![]() |
![]() |
2.000 | 5.400 | 2.500 | 2.100 | 1.875 | 13.875 | |||
27 | 28 | ![]() |
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1.000 | 1.833 | 4.000 | 3.375 | 3.625 | 13.833 | |||
28 | 26 | ![]() |
![]() |
2.625 | 1.666 | 5.000 | 2.125 | 2.000 | 13.416 | |||
29 | 31 | ![]() |
![]() |
1.833 | 1.833 | 1.833 | 1.750 | 1.875 | 9.124 | |||
30 | 30 | File:Yellow-Circle.svg — | ![]() |
1.333 | 2.625 | 1.833 | 1.375 | 1.800 | 8.966 | |||
31 | 29 | ![]() |
![]() |
2.833 | 1.000 | 2.500 | 1.375 | 1.000 | 8.708 | |||
32 | 36 | ![]() |
![]() |
1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 2.750 | 2.250 | 8.000 | |||
33 | 32 | ![]() |
![]() |
1.833 | 1.500 | 2.500 | 1.250 | 0.625 | 7.708 | |||
34 | 33 | ![]() |
![]() |
2.166 | 1.333 | 1.166 | 2.250 | 0.500 | 7.415 | |||
35 | 37 | ![]() |
![]() |
1.166 | 1.000 | 1.166 | 1.750 | 1.875 | 6.957 | |||
36 | 34 | ![]() |
![]() |
1.500 | 1.333 | 0.666 | 2.125 | 1.125 | 6.749 | |||
37 | 38 | ![]() |
![]() |
1.333 | 0.666 | 0.666 | 1.500 | 2.000 | 6.165 | |||
38 | 35 | ![]() |
![]() |
1.250 | 0.666 | 1.333 | 1.375 | 1.500 | 6.124 | |||
39 | 40 | ![]() |
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1.166 | 1.666 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 1.375 | 5.207 | |||
40 | 39 | ![]() |
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1.000 | 1.166 | 1.166 | 1.250 | 0.375 | 4.957 | |||
41 | 42 | ![]() |
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0.666 | 0.750 | 0.833 | 1.250 | 0.875 | 4.374 | |||
42 | 41 | ![]() |
![]() |
2.000 | 0.500 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.500 | 4.000 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
43 | 47 | ![]() |
![]() |
0.000 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 1.125 | 1.750 | 3.875 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
44 | 44 | File:Yellow-Circle.svg — | ![]() |
0.833 | 0.500 | 0.666 | 1.000 | 0.875 | 3.874 | |||
45 | 43 | ![]() |
![]() |
1.500 | 0.833 | 0.333 | 0.875 | 0.250 | 3.791 | |||
46 | 46 | File:Yellow-Circle.svg — | ![]() |
0.666 | 0.666 | 0.333 | 0.250 | 0.875 | 2.790 | |||
47 | 45 | ![]() |
![]() |
0.500 | 1.333 | 0.000 | 0.500 | 0.250 | 2.583 | |||
48 | 52 | ![]() |
![]() |
0.166 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.750 | 1.500 | 2.416 | |||
49 | 49 | File:Yellow-Circle.svg — | ![]() |
0.166 | 0.500 | 0.333 | 0.125 | 1.125 | 2.249 | |||
50 | 48 | ![]() |
![]() |
0.500 | 0.333 | 0.333 | 0.000 | 0.250 | 1.416 | |||
51 | 50 | ![]() |
![]() |
0.166 | 0.333 | 0.000 | 0.250 | 0.625 | 1.374 | |||
52 | 51 | ![]() |
![]() |
0.000 | 0.500 | 0.000 | 0.500 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 2 | 3 | |
53 | 53 | File:Yellow-Circle.svg — | ![]() |
0.000 | 0.250 | 0.000 | 0.500 | 0.166 | 0.916 |
1The Liechtenstein Football Association does not organize a national league competition as it does not have the necessary amount of national clubs. As a result, the only competitor from Liechtenstein in European competitions is the Liechtenstein Cup winners, who qualify for the UEFA Europa League..
The league champions from the top 12 countries automatically enter the group stage of the competitions, whereas teams from the lower ranked countries must go through the preliminary qualification rounds.
- Further information on the Liechtenstein's status and similar cases.
According to the UEFA regulations a National League to be considered a valid needs to consist of at least eight clubs, otherwise no participants of such a league will be allowed to enter European competitions. The are only seven clubs that are active in Liechtenstein all of which play in the neighboring Switzerland's league competitions. Note: prior the introduction of the Welsh Premier League in 1992 Wales also had a single participant, the winner (or best placed Welsh team as several English teams also competed) of the Welsh Cup, in the European competitions.
History
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/ry6p2dkgc3qwooi69ijsep5l5fo6sxu.png)
Ranking was published by UEFA since 1979 to identify number of participants for each country in the UEFA Cup after the re-organization of the Inter-cities Fairs Cup in in 1971. No calculation of coefficients was taking place prior to that. Later for statistical purposes various rankings were introduced to portray the history of competitions. Because Inter-cities Fairs Cup was limited only to certain clubs and/or by invitation no coefficient calculation was necessary. According to the prorated (extended) calculation system only four leagues have succeeded in being the top European league. Bert Kassies explains well all the little details on the history of the rankings (refer to his website below).[5]
The table at the right shows the history of first placed teams in UEFA League Coefficients.
The next table shows the ranking of nations with respect to total number of years leading in Europe:
Rank | League | Total |
---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
15 |
2 | ![]() |
13 |
3 | ![]() ![]() |
13 |
4 | ![]() |
10 |
Club coefficient
The club coefficient is determined by the results of a club in European club competition in the last five seasons, and the league coefficient. The club coefficient is 20% of the league coefficient plus the number of points earned by the club in the five seasons. Before 2004 the contribution of the country coefficient was 50%. The points earned by a club in the preliminary rounds are not counted.[6]
The clubs get two points for a win, and one point for a draw and no points for a defeat in games of the main stage of European competitions. Qualifying round results are taken into account only for the calculation of the association's coefficient and are halved. Participation in the group stage of the UEFA Champions League is rewarded with four points and another four points rewarded for qualifying to round of 16 for both competitions. Clubs which reach the round of 16, quarterfinals,semi-finals or final of the UEFA Champions League or the quarter-finals, semi-finals or final of the UEFA Europa League are awarded an extra point for each such round.[7] Since the introduction of the UEFA Europa League, clubs participated in the qualifying round and in the play-offs of both competitions.
Round | Points awarded | |
---|---|---|
Champions League | Europa League | |
Eliminated in first qualifying round | 0.5 | 0.25 |
Eliminated in second qualifying round | 1 | 0.5 |
Eliminated in third qualifying round | – | 1 |
Eliminated in play-offs | – | 1.5 |
Also, a guaranteed minimum of two points is introduced for the clubs which participate in the group stage of Europa League. This guaranteed minimum is not added to the points obtained by the clubs concerned during the group stage and is not taken into consideration for the calculation of the coefficient of the national association.
This ranking is used by UEFA to determine which pot the club belongs to in the preliminary and first rounds of the Champions League, and the preliminary, first and second rounds of the Europa League.
Before 1999 a number of strong teams in the UEFA Cup were seeded such that those teams do not meet in the first two rounds. To determine these teams, the sum of, the ratio of the number of points achieved to the number of games played by each team, was calculated for the past five years.
The top 25 clubs currently are as follows:[8]
Rank 2011 |
Rank 2010 |
Mvmt | Club | Country | 2006–07 | 2007–08 | 2008–09 | 2009–10 | 2010–11 | Coeff. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | ![]() |
Manchester United | ![]() |
25.3250 | 32.5750 | 28.0000 | 28.5856 | 4.6714 | 119.157 |
2 | 1 | ![]() |
Barcelona | ![]() |
17.8000 | 27.7750 | 28.6625 | 30.5856 | 4.4428 | 109.265 |
3 | 3 | File:Yellow-Circle.svg — | Chelsea | ![]() |
26.3250 | 28.5750 | 25.0000 | 22.5856 | 4.6714 | 107.157 |
4 | 5 | ![]() |
Liverpool | ![]() |
27.3250 | 24.5750 | 23.0000 | 24.5856 | 2.6714 | 102.157 |
5 | 6 | ![]() |
Bayern Munich | ![]() |
18.9000 | 22.7000 | 22.5375 | 30.6166 | 4.6666 | 99.420 |
6 | 4 | ![]() |
Arsenal | ![]() |
16.3250 | 21.5750 | 22.0000 | 25.5856 | 4.6714 | 90.157 |
7 | 11 | ![]() |
Werder Bremen | ![]() |
22.9000 | 15.7000 | 24.5375 | 18.6166 | 4.6666 | 86.420 |
8 | 8 | File:Yellow-Circle.svg — | Internazionale | ![]() |
15.3855 | 16.0500 | 13.2750 | 34.0856 | 4.5714 | 83.367 |
9 | 7 | ![]() |
Sevilla | ![]() |
28.8000 | 18.7750 | 10.6625 | 22.5856 | 2.4428 | 83.265 |
10 | 9 | ![]() |
Milan | ![]() |
26.3855 | 16.0500 | 14.2750 | 19.0856 | 4.5714 | 80.367 |
11 | 10 | ![]() |
Lyon | ![]() |
17.0000 | 13.3856 | 15.2000 | 28.0000 | 4.5500 | 78.135 |
12 | 13 | ![]() |
Real Madrid | ![]() |
17.8000 | 14.7750 | 14.6625 | 22.5856 | 4.4428 | 74.265 |
13 | 12 | ![]() |
Hamburg | ![]() |
6.9000 | 18.7000 | 24.5374 | 21.6166 | 0.6666 | 72.420 |
14 | 14 | File:Yellow-Circle.svg — | Roma | ![]() |
19.3855 | 19.0500 | 16.2750 | 12.0856 | 4.5714 | 71.367 |
15 | 15 | File:Yellow-Circle.svg — | Porto | ![]() |
14.6165 | 15.5855 | 17.3570 | 21.0000 | 2.8000 | 71.359 |
16 | 20 | ![]() |
Valencia | ![]() |
20.8000 | 9.7750 | 13.6624 | 19.5856 | 4.4428 | 68.265 |
17 | 16 | ![]() |
Shakhtar Donetsk | ![]() |
13.3000 | 7.9750 | 29.3250 | 11.1600 | 4.4832 | 66.243 |
18 | 19 | ![]() |
Bordeaux | ![]() |
11.0000 | 13.3856 | 11.2000 | 30.0000 | 0.5500 | 66.135 |
19 | 23 | ![]() |
Atlético Madrid | ![]() |
3.8000 | 14.7750 | 17.6624 | 24.5856 | 2.4428 | 63.265 |
20 | 24 | ![]() |
Fiorentina | ![]() |
2.3856 | 23.0500 | 11.2750 | 24.0856 | 0.5714 | 61.367 |
21 | 17 | ![]() |
Benfica | ![]() |
17.6166 | 12.5856 | 4.3570 | 21.0000 | 4.8000 | 60.359 |
22 | 21 | ![]() |
CSKA Moscow | ![]() |
11.3250 | 6.2500 | 18.9500 | 21.2332 | 2.5166 | 60.274 |
23 | 30 | ![]() |
Tottenham Hotspur | ![]() |
21.3250 | 16.5750 | 12.0000 | 3.5856 | 4.6714 | 58.157 |
24 | 28 | ![]() |
Sporting CP | ![]() |
8.6166 | 18.5856 | 13.3570 | 14.0000 | 2.8000 | 57.359 |
25 | 22 | ![]() |
PSV Eindhoven | ![]() |
16.6428 | 17.0000 | 6.2666 | 13.8832 | 2.6332 | 56.425 |
Top club by period
Top-ranked clubs in each 5-year period listed by year:[9]
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Top-rated clubs listed by number of years as top-ranked club:
Rank | Club | Total |
---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
14 |
2 | ![]() |
7 |
3 | ![]() |
6 |
4 | ![]() |
5 |
5 | ![]() |
3 |
![]() |
3 | |
![]() |
3 | |
![]() |
3 | |
9 | ![]() |
2 |
![]() |
2 | |
11 | ![]() |
1 |
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1 | |
![]() |
1 | |
![]() |
1 |
References
- ^ "EXCO approves new coefficient system". UEFA. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
- ^ "New UEFA National Team Coefficient Ranking System" (PDF). UEFA. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
- ^ "National Team Coefficients Overview" (PDF). UEFA. 2009-11-19. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
- ^ "UEFA Country Ranking 2011". Bert Kassies. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
- ^ UEFA European Cup Coefficients Database (Bert Kassies)
- ^ "UEFA Coefficients calculation method". Bert Kassies. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
- ^ "FAQ". UEFA. 1 July 2005. Retrieved 14 March 2009.
- ^ "UEFA Team Ranking 2011". Bert Kassies. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
- ^ See column Team Ranking in "UEFA European Cup Coefficients Database". Bert Kassies. Retrieved 21 August 2010.