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Revision as of 14:54, 13 September 2010

See also: UEFA European Football Championship, UEFA Champions League, and UEFA Europa League

In European football, the UEFA coefficients are statistics used for ranking and seeding teams in club and international competitions.

The coefficients are calculated by UEFA, who administer football within Europe. It uses three different coefficients:

National team coefficient

Up to Euro 2008

The national team coefficient is derived from the results of the national football team of a nation. Until the end of the Euro 2008 tournament, it was calculated by dividing the number of points scored (three points for a win, one for a draw) by the number of matches played in the last two qualification rounds of the World Cup or European Championship. Play-off match results are ignored. For some countries only one qualifying round will be taken into account, if they were hosts of one of the last two events.

This coefficient is used by UEFA to determine in which "pot" a national team will be for the qualification tournaments of the European Championship, and the final tournament of the European Championship. Its usage as seeding criteria for the World Cup preliminaries ended when the UEFA executive committee decided to follow FIFA directives and used the FIFA rankings instead for the 2010 World Cup qualifying round draw. Each team in a pot is drawn into a separate qualifying group, thus keeping the bigger teams apart until the later stages of the competition.

If two or more associations have the same coefficient, the following criteria will be applied:

  1. coefficient from the matches played in its most recent qualifying competition,
  2. average goal difference,
  3. average number of goals scored,
  4. average number of away goals scored,
  5. drawing of lots.

After Euro 2008

On 20 May 2008, UEFA announced changes to the coefficient ranking system.[1][2] Under the new system, teams gain ranking points for each match played in the most recently completed five qualifying tournaments or finals of the World Cup or European Championships.

  1. 10,000 points are awarded for each match played,
  2. for an outcome of each match an additional 30,000 for winning, 20,000 for winning after a penalty shoot out, and 10,000 for a draw (including forcing, but failing to win, a penalty shoot-out),
  3. the finals tournament, or play-offs to determine qualification, are granted extra points, ranging from 6,000 to 38,000,
  4. 501 points are earned for a goal scored , and 500 lost for each goal conceded,
  5. points are divided by the number of games played,
  6. more recent tournaments have double the weighting of earlier tournaments,
  7. special arrangements are in place for hosts of competitions, who have therefore not participated in the qualifying tournament.

At the end of 2009, the European rankings were as follows:[3]

League coefficient

Map of UEFA countries, teams from which have reached the group stage of the UEFA Champions League
  UEFA member country that has been represented in the group stage
  UEFA member country that has not been represented in the group stage
  Not a UEFA member

The league coefficient is used to rank the leagues of Europe, and thus determine the number of clubs from a league that will participate in UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League.

The UEFA ranking determines the number of teams competing in the season after the next, not in the first season after the publication of the ranking. Thus, the 2011 ranking determines the allocation in 2012–13, not 2011–12.

This coefficient is determined by the results of the clubs of the leagues in UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League games over the past five seasons. Two points are awarded for each win by a club, and one for a draw. Goals scored in extra time do count in determining the outcome of a game, but any penalty kick result does not affect the allocation of points other than the bonus points. The number of points awarded each season is divided by the number of teams that participated for that nation in that season. This number is then rounded to three decimal places (e.g. 2 2/3 would be rounded to 2.667).

For the league coefficient the season's league coefficients for the last five seasons must be added up. In the preliminary rounds of both the Champions League and Europa League, the awarded points are halved. Bonus points are allocated for:

  • Qualifying for the Champions League group phase. (4 bonus points)
  • Reaching the second round of the Champions League. (5 bonus points)
  • Reaching the quarter, semi and final of either the Champions League or the Europa League. (1 bonus point)

The bonus points are added to the number of points scored in a season.

Current ranking

The ranking at the end of the 2010–11 season determines the allocation in 2012–13 competitions. The rankings are as follows:[4]

Rank
2011 		Rank
2010 		Mvmt League 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 Coeff. CL places EL places Total
1 1 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — England England 16.625 17.875 15.000 17.928 3.357 70.785 4 3 7
2 2 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Spain Spain 19.000 13.875 13.312 17.928 2.214 66.329
3 4 +1 Germany Germany 9.500 13.500 12.687 18.083 3.333 57.103
4 3 −1 Italy Italy 11.928 10.250 11.375 15.428 2.857 51.838 3 6
5 5 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — France France 10.000 6.928 11.000 15.000 2.750 45.678
6 9 +3 Portugal Portugal 8.083 7.928 6.785 10.000 4.000 36.796
7 6 −1 Russia Russia 6.625 11.250 9.750 6.166 2.583 36.374 2 4
8 7 −1 Ukraine Ukraine 6.500 4.875 16.625 5.800 2.416 36.216
9 11 +2 Turkey Turkey 6.100 9.750 7.000 7.600 2.600 33.050
10 10 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Netherlands Netherlands 8.214 5.000 6.333 9.416 3.166 32.129 3 5
11 12 +1 Greece Greece 4.666 7.500 6.500 7.900 2.800 29.366
12 15 +3 Denmark Denmark 6.125 5.125 8.200 4.400 3.500 27.350
13 8 −5 Romania Romania 11.333 2.600 2.642 6.083 1.833 24.491
14 14 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Belgium Belgium 4.700 4.500 4.500 8.700 2.000 24.400
15 16 +1 Scotland Scotland 6.750 10.250 1.875 2.666 2.000 23.541
16 13 −3 Switzerland Switzerland 4.100 6.250 2.900 5.750 3.100 22.100 1 3 4
17 20 +3 Israel Israel 6.000 2.375 1.750 7.250 3.625 21.000
18 19 +1 Austria Austria 1.500 3.200 2.250 9.375 3.375 19.700
19 18 −1 Czech Republic Czech Republic 5.750 5.125 2.375 4.100 1.500 18.850
20 21 +1 Cyprus Cyprus 1.750 2.666 6.333 4.250 3.125 18.124
21 17 −4 Bulgaria Bulgaria 5.125 2.750 2.250 3.125 2.875 16.125
22 23 +1 Slovakia Slovakia 2.000 2.166 4.833 2.500 3.000 14.499
23 27 +4 Croatia Croatia 1.000 3.666 4.333 3.000 2.375 14.374
24 25 +1 Serbia Serbia 2.125 2.625 3.000 3.000 3.500 14.250
25 24 −1 Sweden Sweden 1.125 5.400 2.500 2.500 2.600 14.125
26 22 −4 Norway Norway 2.000 5.400 2.500 2.100 1.875 13.875
27 28 +1 Belarus Belarus 1.000 1.833 4.000 3.375 3.625 13.833
28 26 −2 Poland Poland 2.625 1.666 5.000 2.125 2.000 13.416
29 31 +2 Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.833 1.833 1.833 1.750 1.875 9.124
30 30 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Finland Finland 1.333 2.625 1.833 1.375 1.800 8.966
31 29 −2 Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland 2.833 1.000 2.500 1.375 1.000 8.708
32 36 +4 Hungary Hungary 1.000 1.000 1.000 2.750 2.250 8.000
33 32 −1 Lithuania Lithuania 1.833 1.500 2.500 1.250 0.625 7.708
34 33 −1 Latvia Latvia 2.166 1.333 1.166 2.250 0.500 7.415
35 37 +2 Georgia (country) Georgia 1.166 1.000 1.166 1.750 1.875 6.957
36 34 −2 Moldova Moldova 1.500 1.333 0.666 2.125 1.125 6.749
37 38 +1 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 1.333 0.666 0.666 1.500 2.000 6.165
38 35 −3 Slovenia Slovenia 1.250 0.666 1.333 1.375 1.500 6.124
39 40 +1 North Macedonia Macedonia 1.166 1.666 0.500 0.500 1.375 5.207
40 39 −1 Iceland Iceland 1.000 1.166 1.166 1.250 0.375 4.957
41 42 +1 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 0.666 0.750 0.833 1.250 0.875 4.374
42 41 −1 Liechtenstein Liechtenstein1 2.000 0.500 0.000 1.000 0.500 4.000 0 1 1
43 47 +4 Montenegro Montenegro 0.000 0.500 0.500 1.125 1.750 3.875 1 3 4
44 44 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Albania Albania 0.833 0.500 0.666 1.000 0.875 3.874
45 43 −2 Estonia Estonia 1.500 0.833 0.333 0.875 0.250 3.791
46 46 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Wales Wales 0.666 0.666 0.333 0.250 0.875 2.790
47 45 −2 Armenia Armenia 0.500 1.333 0.000 0.500 0.250 2.583
48 52 +4 Malta Malta 0.166 0.000 0.000 0.750 1.500 2.416
49 49 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Northern Ireland Northern Ireland 0.166 0.500 0.333 0.125 1.125 2.249
50 48 −2 Faroe Islands Faroe Islands 0.500 0.333 0.333 0.000 0.250 1.416
51 50 −1 Luxembourg Luxembourg 0.166 0.333 0.000 0.250 0.625 1.374
52 51 −1 Andorra Andorra 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.500 0.000 1.000 2 3
53 53 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — San Marino San Marino 0.000 0.250 0.000 0.500 0.166 0.916
  Indicates active countries which have all their teams still competing in this year's UEFA Champions League or Europa League.
  Indicates active countries which have teams still competing in this year's UEFA Champions League or Europa League.
  Indicates countries which have no teams still competing in this year's UEFA Champions League or Europa League.

1The Liechtenstein Football Association does not organize a national league competition as it does not have the necessary amount of national clubs. As a result, the only competitor from Liechtenstein in European competitions is the Liechtenstein Cup winners, who qualify for the UEFA Europa League..

The league champions from the top 12 countries automatically enter the group stage of the competitions, whereas teams from the lower ranked countries must go through the preliminary qualification rounds.

Further information on the Liechtenstein's status and similar cases.

According to the UEFA regulations a National League to be considered a valid needs to consist of at least eight clubs, otherwise no participants of such a league will be allowed to enter European competitions. The are only seven clubs that are active in Liechtenstein all of which play in the neighboring Switzerland's league competitions. Note: prior the introduction of the Welsh Premier League in 1992 Wales also had a single participant, the winner (or best placed Welsh team as several English teams also competed) of the Welsh Cup, in the European competitions.

History

Premier LeagueLa LigaSerie AFußball-BundesligaSerie AFootball League First DivisionFußball-BundesligaFootball League First DivisionLa Liga

Ranking was published by UEFA since 1979 to identify number of participants for each country in the UEFA Cup after the re-organization of the Inter-cities Fairs Cup in in 1971. No calculation of coefficients was taking place prior to that. Later for statistical purposes various rankings were introduced to portray the history of competitions. Because Inter-cities Fairs Cup was limited only to certain clubs and/or by invitation no coefficient calculation was necessary. According to the prorated (extended) calculation system only four leagues have succeeded in being the top European league. Bert Kassies explains well all the little details on the history of the rankings (refer to his website below).[5]

The table at the right shows the history of first placed teams in UEFA League Coefficients.

The next table shows the ranking of nations with respect to total number of years leading in Europe:

Rank League Total
1 Spain Primera División 15
2 Italy Serie A 13
3 England First Division
England Premier League 		13
4 Germany Fußball-Bundesliga 10

Club coefficient

The club coefficient is determined by the results of a club in European club competition in the last five seasons, and the league coefficient. The club coefficient is 20% of the league coefficient plus the number of points earned by the club in the five seasons. Before 2004 the contribution of the country coefficient was 50%. The points earned by a club in the preliminary rounds are not counted.[6]

The clubs get two points for a win, and one point for a draw and no points for a defeat in games of the main stage of European competitions. Qualifying round results are taken into account only for the calculation of the association's coefficient and are halved. Participation in the group stage of the UEFA Champions League is rewarded with four points and another four points rewarded for qualifying to round of 16 for both competitions. Clubs which reach the round of 16, quarterfinals,semi-finals or final of the UEFA Champions League or the quarter-finals, semi-finals or final of the UEFA Europa League are awarded an extra point for each such round.[7] Since the introduction of the UEFA Europa League, clubs participated in the qualifying round and in the play-offs of both competitions.

Round Points awarded
Champions League Europa League
Eliminated in first qualifying round 0.5 0.25
Eliminated in second qualifying round 1 0.5
Eliminated in third qualifying round – 1
Eliminated in play-offs – 1.5

Also, a guaranteed minimum of two points is introduced for the clubs which participate in the group stage of Europa League. This guaranteed minimum is not added to the points obtained by the clubs concerned during the group stage and is not taken into consideration for the calculation of the coefficient of the national association.

This ranking is used by UEFA to determine which pot the club belongs to in the preliminary and first rounds of the Champions League, and the preliminary, first and second rounds of the Europa League.

Before 1999 a number of strong teams in the UEFA Cup were seeded such that those teams do not meet in the first two rounds. To determine these teams, the sum of, the ratio of the number of points achieved to the number of games played by each team, was calculated for the past five years.

The top 25 clubs currently are as follows:[8]

Rank
2011 		Rank
2010 		Mvmt Club Country 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 Coeff.
1 2 +1 Manchester United  England 25.3250 32.5750 28.0000 28.5856 4.6714 119.157
2 1 −1 Barcelona  Spain 17.8000 27.7750 28.6625 30.5856 4.4428 109.265
3 3 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Chelsea  England 26.3250 28.5750 25.0000 22.5856 4.6714 107.157
4 5 +1 Liverpool  England 27.3250 24.5750 23.0000 24.5856 2.6714 102.157
5 6 +1 Bayern Munich  Germany 18.9000 22.7000 22.5375 30.6166 4.6666 99.420
6 4 −2 Arsenal  England 16.3250 21.5750 22.0000 25.5856 4.6714 90.157
7 11 +4 Werder Bremen  Germany 22.9000 15.7000 24.5375 18.6166 4.6666 86.420
8 8 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Internazionale  Italy 15.3855 16.0500 13.2750 34.0856 4.5714 83.367
9 7 −2 Sevilla  Spain 28.8000 18.7750 10.6625 22.5856 2.4428 83.265
10 9 −1 Milan  Italy 26.3855 16.0500 14.2750 19.0856 4.5714 80.367
11 10 −1 Lyon  France 17.0000 13.3856 15.2000 28.0000 4.5500 78.135
12 13 +1 Real Madrid  Spain 17.8000 14.7750 14.6625 22.5856 4.4428 74.265
13 12 −1 Hamburg  Germany 6.9000 18.7000 24.5374 21.6166 0.6666 72.420
14 14 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Roma  Italy 19.3855 19.0500 16.2750 12.0856 4.5714 71.367
15 15 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Porto  Portugal 14.6165 15.5855 17.3570 21.0000 2.8000 71.359
16 20 +4 Valencia  Spain 20.8000 9.7750 13.6624 19.5856 4.4428 68.265
17 16 −1 Shakhtar Donetsk  Ukraine 13.3000 7.9750 29.3250 11.1600 4.4832 66.243
18 19 +1 Bordeaux  France 11.0000 13.3856 11.2000 30.0000 0.5500 66.135
19 23 +4 Atlético Madrid  Spain 3.8000 14.7750 17.6624 24.5856 2.4428 63.265
20 24 +4 Fiorentina  Italy 2.3856 23.0500 11.2750 24.0856 0.5714 61.367
21 17 −4 Benfica  Portugal 17.6166 12.5856 4.3570 21.0000 4.8000 60.359
22 21 −1 CSKA Moscow  Russia 11.3250 6.2500 18.9500 21.2332 2.5166 60.274
23 30 +7 Tottenham Hotspur  England 21.3250 16.5750 12.0000 3.5856 4.6714 58.157
24 28 +4 Sporting CP  Portugal 8.6166 18.5856 13.3570 14.0000 2.8000 57.359
25 22 −3 PSV Eindhoven  Netherlands 16.6428 17.0000 6.2666 13.8832 2.6332 56.425
  Indicates teams still active in this year's UEFA Champions League or UEFA Europa League.
  Indicates teams from active countries in this year's UEFA Champions League or UEFA Europa League.

Top club by period

Top-ranked clubs in each 5-year period listed by year:[9]

Top-rated clubs listed by number of years as top-ranked club:

Rank Club Total
1 Spain Real Madrid 14
2 Italy Juventus 7
3 Spain Barcelona 6
4 Germany Borussia Mönchengladbach 5
5 Portugal Benfica 3
England Leeds United 3
Netherlands Ajax 3
Germany Bayern Munich 3
9 England Liverpool 2
Italy Milan 2
11 Spain Real Zaragoza 1
Belgium Anderlecht 1
France Paris Saint-Germain 1
England Chelsea 1

References

  1. ^ "EXCO approves new coefficient system". UEFA. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
  2. ^ "New UEFA National Team Coefficient Ranking System" (PDF). UEFA. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
  3. ^ "National Team Coefficients Overview" (PDF). UEFA. 2009-11-19. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
  4. ^ "UEFA Country Ranking 2011". Bert Kassies. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
  5. ^ UEFA European Cup Coefficients Database (Bert Kassies)
  6. ^ "UEFA Coefficients calculation method". Bert Kassies. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
  7. ^ "FAQ". UEFA. 1 July 2005. Retrieved 14 March 2009.
  8. ^ "UEFA Team Ranking 2011". Bert Kassies. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
  9. ^ See column Team Ranking in "UEFA European Cup Coefficients Database". Bert Kassies. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
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