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* {{flagcountry|Italy}}<ref>[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0013-8266(198801)103%3A406%3C154%3APIEGBF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7 jstor.org]</ref><ref>[http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20060501faessay85305/ben-w-heineman-jr-fritz-heimann/the-long-war-against-corruption.html foreignaffairs.org]| Ben W. Heineman, Jr., and Fritz Heimann speak of Italy as a major country or "player" along with Germany, France, Japan, and the United Kingdom, in "The Long War Against Corruption".</ref><ref>M. De Leonardis, ''Il Mediterraneo nella politica estera italiana del secondo dopoguerra'', Bologna, Il Mulino, 2003, p. 17</ref><ref>[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=it&u=http://www.carabinieri.it/Internet/Editoria/Rassegna%2BArma/&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.carabinieri.it/Internet/Editoria/Rassegna%252BArma/%26hl%3Den carabinieri.it]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=X4xw8-Oj9usC&pg=PA157&lpg=PA157&dq=regional+power+italy+in+europe&source=web&ots=gTHBeTgih6&sig=KwrRgq_eL95u747CzfFzNxFid80#PPP1,M1 books.google.com]</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Italy}}<ref>[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0013-8266(198801)103%3A406%3C154%3APIEGBF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7 jstor.org]</ref><ref>[http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20060501faessay85305/ben-w-heineman-jr-fritz-heimann/the-long-war-against-corruption.html foreignaffairs.org]| Ben W. Heineman, Jr., and Fritz Heimann speak of Italy as a major country or "player" along with Germany, France, Japan, and the United Kingdom, in "The Long War Against Corruption".</ref><ref>M. De Leonardis, ''Il Mediterraneo nella politica estera italiana del secondo dopoguerra'', Bologna, Il Mulino, 2003, p. 17</ref><ref>[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=it&u=http://www.carabinieri.it/Internet/Editoria/Rassegna%2BArma/&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.carabinieri.it/Internet/Editoria/Rassegna%252BArma/%26hl%3Den carabinieri.it]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=X4xw8-Oj9usC&pg=PA157&lpg=PA157&dq=regional+power+italy+in+europe&source=web&ots=gTHBeTgih6&sig=KwrRgq_eL95u747CzfFzNxFid80#PPP1,M1 books.google.com]</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Russia}}<ref name="alla"/><ref name=cbs/><ref>http://www.carnegie.ru/en/pubs/media/69778.htm www.carnegie.ru</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Russia}}<ref name="alla"/><ref name=cbs/><ref>http://www.carnegie.ru/en/pubs/media/69778.htm www.carnegie.ru</ref>
⚫
* {{flagcountry|Turkey}}{{ref|reference_name_A|a}}<ref>[http://www.turkishweekly.net/columnist/3214/-39-the-balkans-opening-39-the-tadic-gul-meeting-at-karlowitz.html 'The Balkans Opening': The Tadic-Gul meeting at Karlowitz, by Ihsan Bal. October 31, 2009.]</ref><ref>[http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt2/sayi6pdf/degerli_esra.pdf]</ref>
* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}<ref name=cbs/><ref>[http://www.cont-ed.cam.ac.uk/intsummer/programmes/special.html www.cont-ed.cam.ac.uk]</ref><ref>White, Michael [http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/blog/2010/oct/19/defence-cuts-us-give-up Defence cuts: will the US now give up on us?] guardian.co.uk, 19 October 2010</ref>
* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}<ref name=cbs/><ref>[http://www.cont-ed.cam.ac.uk/intsummer/programmes/special.html www.cont-ed.cam.ac.uk]</ref><ref>White, Michael [http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/blog/2010/oct/19/defence-cuts-us-give-up Defence cuts: will the US now give up on us?] guardian.co.uk, 19 October 2010</ref>


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* {{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}{{ref|reference_name_B|b}} <ref name="The United States and the Great Powers" /><ref name="Regions and powers"/><ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0XPQ/is_2002_Sept_23/ai_92080737 findarticles.com]</ref><ref>[http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=4349 yaleglobal.yale.edu]</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}{{ref|reference_name_B|b}} <ref name="The United States and the Great Powers" /><ref name="Regions and powers"/><ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0XPQ/is_2002_Sept_23/ai_92080737 findarticles.com]</ref><ref>[http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=4349 yaleglobal.yale.edu]</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Syria}}{{ref|reference_name_A|a}}<ref name="The United States and the Great Powers" />
* {{flagcountry|Syria}}{{ref|reference_name_A|a}}<ref name="The United States and the Great Powers" />
⚫
* {{flagcountry|Turkey}}{{ref|reference_name_A|a}}<ref>[http://www.turkishweekly.net/columnist/3214/-39-the-balkans-opening-39-the-tadic-gul-meeting-at-karlowitz.html 'The Balkans Opening': The Tadic-Gul meeting at Karlowitz, by Ihsan Bal. October 31, 2009.]</ref><ref>[http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt2/sayi6pdf/degerli_esra.pdf]</ref>


===[[Northern America]]===
===[[Northern America]]===

Revision as of 19:49, 24 January 2011

In international relations, a regional power is a state that has power within a geographic region.[1][2] They define the polarity of any given regional security complex.[3] States which wield unrivaled power and influence within a region of the world possess regional hegemony.

Characteristics

Regional powers shape the polarity of a regional area. Typically, regional powers have capabilities which are important in the region but do not have capabilities at a global scale. There are slightly differing definitions of what makes a regional power. The European Consortium for Political Research defines a regional power: "A state belonging to a geographically defined region, dominating this region in economic and military terms, able to exercise hegemonic influence in the region and considerable influence on the world scale, willing to make use of power resources and recognized or even accepted as the regional leader by its neighbours".[1]

The German Institute of Global and Area Studies states that a regional power must:

  • be part of a definable region with its own identity
  • claim to be a regional power (self-image of a regional power)
  • exert decisive influence on the geographic extension of the region as well as on its ideological construction
  • dispose over comparatively high military, economic, demographic, political and ideological capabilities
  • be well integrated into the region
  • define the regional security agenda to a high degree
  • be appreciated as a regional power by other powers in the region and beyond, especially by other regional powers
  • be well connected with regional and global fora.[2]

Some states may be regarded as both a great power and a regional power. Likewise some states may be regarded as a middle power and a regional power.

Current regional powers

Regional powers in teal.

Below are states that have been described as regional powers by international relations and political science academics, analysts, or other experts. These states to some extent meet the criteria to have regional power status, as described above. Different experts have differing views on exactly which states are regional powers. States are arranged by their region.


East Asia

Europe

Latin America

North Africa/Middle East

Northern America

Oceania

South Asia

Southeast Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

See also

Notes

a Regional powers in the Levant
b Regional powers in the Persian Gulf

References

  1. ^ a b c d www.essex.ac.uk
  2. ^ a b c www.giga-hamburg.de
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Buzan, Barry (2004). The United States and the Great Powers. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity Press. p. 71. ISBN 0745633757. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  4. ^ Living With The Giants - TIME
  5. ^ China: Global/Regional Power
  6. ^ CNN In-Depth Specials - Visions of China - Asian Superpower: Regional 'godfather' or local bully?
  7. ^ www.abc.net
  8. ^ http://www.aseanfocus.com/asiananalysis/article.cfm?articleID=780 www.aseanfocus.com
  9. ^ a b c d [1] Cite error: The named reference "alla" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  10. ^ journals.cambridge.org
  11. ^ a b c d e www.csbaonline.org
  12. ^ http://www.springerlink.com/content/nrnnj1f163kaxye3/
  13. ^ http://www.hudsonny.org/2010/03/the-korean-incident-changing-dynamics-in-asia.php
  14. ^ http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/regional-power/
  15. ^ http://www.ndu.edu/inss/Press/jfq_pages/editions/i47/19.pdf
  16. ^ http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/events/2009/0416_korea/20090416_korea.pdf
  17. ^ globalpolicy.org
  18. ^ a b c d www.aims.ca
  19. ^ tspace.library.utoronto.ca
  20. ^ jstor.org
  21. ^ foreignaffairs.org| Ben W. Heineman, Jr., and Fritz Heimann speak of Italy as a major country or "player" along with Germany, France, Japan, and the United Kingdom, in "The Long War Against Corruption".
  22. ^ M. De Leonardis, Il Mediterraneo nella politica estera italiana del secondo dopoguerra, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2003, p. 17
  23. ^ carabinieri.it
  24. ^ books.google.com
  25. ^ http://www.carnegie.ru/en/pubs/media/69778.htm www.carnegie.ru
  26. ^ www.cont-ed.cam.ac.uk
  27. ^ White, Michael Defence cuts: will the US now give up on us? guardian.co.uk, 19 October 2010
  28. ^ www.fntg.org
  29. ^ www.blackwell-synergy.com
  30. ^ lap.sagepub.com
  31. ^ www.brazzilmag.com
  32. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
  33. ^ Oxford Analytica
  34. ^ www.defenselink.mil
  35. ^ www.biu.ac.il
  36. ^ a b c d e Buzan, Barry; Wæver, Ole (2003). Regions and powers: the structure of international security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 55. ISBN 0521891116.
  37. ^ a b www.chathamhouse.org.uk
  38. ^ www.cia.gov
  39. ^ meria.idc.ac.il
  40. ^ www.lrb.co.uk
  41. ^ www.acronym.org.uk
  42. ^ findarticles.com
  43. ^ yaleglobal.yale.edu
  44. ^ 'The Balkans Opening': The Tadic-Gul meeting at Karlowitz, by Ihsan Bal. October 31, 2009.
  45. ^ [2]
  46. ^ "Analyzing American Power in the Post-Cold War Era". Retrieved 2007-02-28.
  47. ^ www.britannica.com
  48. ^ www.routledge.com
  49. ^ www.foreignminister.gov.au
  50. ^ Perkovich, George. "Is India a Major Power?" (PDF). The Washington Quarterly (27.1 Winter 2003-04). {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |access= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  51. ^ Encarta - Great Powers
  52. ^ Dilip Mohite (Spring 1993). "Swords and Ploughshares- India: The Fourth Great Power?". Vol. 7, No. 3. Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security (ACDIS). Retrieved 2007-12-13. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  53. ^ [3]
  54. ^ [4]
  55. ^ www.h-net.org
  56. ^ www.iss.co.za
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