OTO Melara 76 mm: Difference between revisions
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==Variants== |
==Variants== |
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*'''76/62 Super Rapid''' - Also called the "Super Rapido" this is the most up to date development of the Italian 76mm naval cannons, with an increased rate of fire of 120 rounds per minute |
*'''76/62 Super Rapid''' - Also called the "Super Rapido" this is the most up to date development of the Italian 76mm naval cannons, with an increased rate of fire of 120 rounds per minute. To achieve the higher rate of fire the Super Rapido requires a specially developed round that can be uploaded and chambered at higher speeds. While the older 76mm Allargato and 76mm Compacto can fire the new special round, it does not increase their rate of fire. Only the Super Rapido can fire at 120 rounds per minute. And that rate is only done in short bursts. The Super Rapido also improved on the serious vibration problems that the older Oto Malera and Otobreda 76mm mounts had that effected accuracy against smaller high speed air targets, for example anti-shipping missiles and guided bombs. |
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In order to develop the maximum potential from those guns, OTO has also developed and is developing a complete family of ammunitions: |
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*HE standard: weight 6.296 kg (750 gr HE), range 18,4 km at 45°, effective 8 km (4 km vs. air targets at 85°) |
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*SAPOM: 6.35 kg (0.46 kg HE), range 16 km (SAPOMER: 20 km) |
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*DART: 4 kg (0.4 kg HE), effective range 5 km+ |
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*Vulcano: 5 kg, maximum range around 40 km (it is a smaller version of the 127 mm Vulcano) |
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There were evolutions in the fire control systems as well. The early versions (Compatto) usually used radars such the RTN-10X Orion (made by Selenia); from the early '80s there was a more powerful and flexible system, the RTN-30X (used with the Dardo-E CIWS system), that was capable to manage both guns (40, 76 and 127 mm) and missiles (Sparrow-Aspide). Within the italian navy's this system came in service with the cruiser 'Garibaldi' (C551), but still with the twin 40 mm Dardo's turrets; while the first ship equipped with Dardo E and 76 mm Super Rapido was the upgraded 'Audace class destroyers', later followed by 'De la Penne' class. |
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There were many developments also in the fuses, especially in order to shot down low-flying missiles. The more recent developments were the DART iper-velocity de-calibred ammunition, included in the DAVIDE system. DART is similar, for many ways, to the technology used in other hypervelocity systems like the Starstreak SAM missile, but this is a fast and guided gun projectile, with radio controls and a proximity fuse for low level engagement (up to 2 meters over the sea). |
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The more recent development was the VOLCANO ammunition system, that basically is a scaled version of the 127-155 mm Vulcano family of extended-range projectiles developed by OTO Melara. It is not a defensive, but an offensive weapon, capable to reach distances atleast two times greater than the usual 76 mm gun ammunition with folding wings. |
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==Users== |
==Users== |
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[[zh:ת‘ן•z—‹’B76ֽא{]] |
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[[zh:奧托布雷達76艦炮]] |
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Revision as of 19:55, 12 April 2012
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| Otobreda 76 mm | |
|---|---|
 The Otobreda 76mm Super Rapid as mounted in a stealth cupola (to reduce Radar cross-section) onboard the Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen. | |
| Type | Naval gun |
| Place of origin |  Italy |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1964 - present |
| Used by | See users |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Oto Melara |
| Designed | Compact: 1963 Super Rapid: 1985 |
| Manufacturer | Oto Melara (1963–2001) OtoBreda (2001 onwards) |
| Produced | Compact: 1964 Super Rapid: 1988 |
| Variants | See variants |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | Empty: 7.5 tonnes (17,000 lb) |
| Barrel length | 62 caliber: 4,724.4 mm (186.00 in) |
| Crew | remote controlled |
| Shell | 76×900mmR (complete round) 12.34 kilograms (27.2 lb) |
| Caliber | 76.2 mm (3.00 in) |
| Elevation | -15°/+85° speed:35°/s (acceleration: 72°/s²) |
| Traverse | 360° speed: 60°/s (acceleration: 72°/s²) |
| Rate of fire | Compact: 85 round/min Super Rapid: 120 round/min |
| Muzzle velocity | 925 m/s (3,030 ft/s) |
| Maximum firing range | HE round fired at 45°: Compact: 20,000 m (22,000 yd) Super Rapid: 30,000 m (33,000 yd) |
| Feed system | Magazine capacity: 80 ready rounds on Compact gun mount 85 ready rounds on Super Rapid gun mount |
The Otobreda 76 mm gun is a naval artillery piece built by the Italian defence conglomerate Otobreda. It is based on the Oto Melara 76mm/L62 Allargato, which was bigger and heavier. A vehicle-mounted version known as the Otomatic was built for the self-propelled anti-aircraft gun role but was not put into production.
Unlike the older Allargato the Otobreda 76mm Compatto cannon system is compact enough to be installed on relatively small warships, like corvettes, avisos (a vessel somewhere between a corvette and a patrol boat), or patrol boats. The gun's high rate of fire makes it suitable for short-range anti-missile point defence, and its calibre also allows it to function in anti-aircraft, anti-surface, and ground support roles. Specialised ammunition is available for armour piercing, incendiary, and directed fragmentation, and a new stealth cupola has been designed in recent years.
The Otobreda 76mm has been widely exported and is in use with 53 navies. It has recently been favoured over the French 100 mm naval gun for the joint French/Italian Horizon CNGF frigate project. On 27 September 2006 Iran announced it has started mass production of a marine artillery gun, named the Fajr-27, which is a reverse-engineered Oto Melara 76 mm gun.[1]
Other specifications
- Cooling: sea water—fresh water for flushing
- Electrical Power supply
- 440 V, 3-phase, 60 Hz, main circuit;
- 115 V, 1-phase, 400 Hz, servo and synchro network
Variants
- 76/62 Super Rapid - Also called the "Super Rapido" this is the most up to date development of the Italian 76mm naval cannons, with an increased rate of fire of 120 rounds per minute. To achieve the higher rate of fire the Super Rapido requires a specially developed round that can be uploaded and chambered at higher speeds. While the older 76mm Allargato and 76mm Compacto can fire the new special round, it does not increase their rate of fire. Only the Super Rapido can fire at 120 rounds per minute. And that rate is only done in short bursts. The Super Rapido also improved on the serious vibration problems that the older Oto Malera and Otobreda 76mm mounts had that effected accuracy against smaller high speed air targets, for example anti-shipping missiles and guided bombs.
In order to develop the maximum potential from those guns, OTO has also developed and is developing a complete family of ammunitions:
- HE standard: weight 6.296 kg (750 gr HE), range 18,4 km at 45°, effective 8 km (4 km vs. air targets at 85°)
- SAPOM: 6.35 kg (0.46 kg HE), range 16 km (SAPOMER: 20 km)
- DART: 4 kg (0.4 kg HE), effective range 5 km+
- Vulcano: 5 kg, maximum range around 40 km (it is a smaller version of the 127 mm Vulcano)
There were evolutions in the fire control systems as well. The early versions (Compatto) usually used radars such the RTN-10X Orion (made by Selenia); from the early '80s there was a more powerful and flexible system, the RTN-30X (used with the Dardo-E CIWS system), that was capable to manage both guns (40, 76 and 127 mm) and missiles (Sparrow-Aspide). Within the italian navy's this system came in service with the cruiser 'Garibaldi' (C551), but still with the twin 40 mm Dardo's turrets; while the first ship equipped with Dardo E and 76 mm Super Rapido was the upgraded 'Audace class destroyers', later followed by 'De la Penne' class.
There were many developments also in the fuses, especially in order to shot down low-flying missiles. The more recent developments were the DART iper-velocity de-calibred ammunition, included in the DAVIDE system. DART is similar, for many ways, to the technology used in other hypervelocity systems like the Starstreak SAM missile, but this is a fast and guided gun projectile, with radio controls and a proximity fuse for low level engagement (up to 2 meters over the sea).
The more recent development was the VOLCANO ammunition system, that basically is a scaled version of the 127-155 mm Vulcano family of extended-range projectiles developed by OTO Melara. It is not a defensive, but an offensive weapon, capable to reach distances atleast two times greater than the usual 76 mm gun ammunition with folding wings.
Users
Platforms using the Oto-Melara 76 mm include:
Asia
- Godavari class frigate
- Brahmaputra class frigate
- Shivalik class frigate
- kora class corvette
- Kamorta class corvette
- Veer class corvette
- Hatsuyuki class destroyer
- Asagiri class destroyer
- Murasame class destroyer
- Ishikari class destroyer escort
- Yubari class destroyer escort
- Abukuma class destroyer escort
- Hayabusa class patrol boat
- Nandimithra Class Saar 4 class fast missile vessel
- Pattani class offshore patrol vessel
- Ratanakosin class corvette
- Ratcharit missile boat
- Chuburi patrol boats
- Tapi class large patrol corvette
- Khamronsin class corvette
Africa
- Ambassador MK III Missile Boat
- Descubierta class corvette - Spanish built
- Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate
- Ramadan class missile boat
- Type-148 Tiger class fast attack missile boat
- Descubierta class corvette - Spanish built
- Floreal class frigate
- OPV70 class patrol vessel
- Warrior class - modified Sa'ar 4 class missile boat with two guns
- Valour class frigate - German built MEKO design
- Type 143 Albatros class fast attack craft
Europe
- Flyvefisken class patrol vessel
- Thetis class ocean patrol vessels
- Ivar Huitfeldt class frigate (In service from 2012)
- Knud Rasmussen class patrol vessel
- Brandenburg class frigate - MEKO design
- Bremen class frigate - MEKO design
- Sachsen class frigate - MEKO design
- Braunschweig class corvette - MEKO design
- Gepard class fast attack craft
- Elli class frigate
- FACM Class La Combattante III
- FACM Class La Combattante IIIb
- FACM Class La Combattante IIa
- Osprey 55 class gunboat
- HSY-55 class gunboat
- Osprey HSY-56A class gunboat
- Roussen Class (62m Super-Vita design)
- Jason Class (LST)
- Peacock class patrol vessels
- Róisín class Offshore Patrol Vessels
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- Audace class destroyer
- Durand de La Penne class destroyer
- San Giorgio class amphibious transport dock
- Minerva class corvette
- FREMM multipurpose frigate
- Horizon class frigate
- Italian aircraft carrier Cavour (550)
- Santa Maria class frigate
- Descubierta class patrol vessel
- Buque de Accion Maritima (BAM) Class
- Doğan class fast attack craft
- Kılıç class fast attack craft
- Kılıç-II class fast attack craft
- Yıldız fast attack craft
- G class frigate
- Milgem class corvette
North America
- Iroquois class destroyer after TRUMP modifications (Canada)
.jpg)
- Famous-class medium endurance cutter (USCG)
- Hamilton-class high endurance cutter (USCG)
- Oliver Hazard Perry–class frigate (USN)
- Pegasus-class hydrofoil (now de-commissioned) (USN)
- Oaxaca class Offshore Patrol Vessel(Mexican Navy)
Oceania
South America
- Espora class frigate - license built MEKO 140 design
- Intrépida class fast attack craft - based on the TNC-45 design
- Karel Doorman class frigate¨
- Type 22 Batch II frigate "Almirante Williams"
- Saar 4 class missile boat
- Type 148 missile boat
- Quito class missile boat (Ecuador)
- PR-72P class corvette (Peru)
See also
References
- Notes
External links
- Oto Melara products: medium calibres
- Italian 76 mm/62 (3") Compact, SR and USA 76 mm/62 (3") Mark 75 at NavWeaps
- "76SR - Your Solution to Any Naval Problem" YouTube video of Super Rapido in tests.
[[ja:ƒI[ƒgEƒƒ‰[ƒ‰ 76 mm –C]] [[zh:ת‘ן•z—‹’B76ֽא{]]