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==== 1950s ====
==== 1950s ====
* December 20, 1951: First use of [[nuclear power]] to produce electricity for households in [[Arco, Idaho]]<ref name="factsheet">[http://www.inl.gov/factsheets/ebr-1.pdf Experimental Breeder Reactor 1 factsheet], Idaho National Laboratory</ref><ref>[http://www.ans.org/pubs/magazines/nn/docs/2001-11-2.pdf Fifty years ago in December: Atomic reactor EBR-I produced first electricity] American Nuclear Society Nuclear news, November 2001</ref>
* December 20, 1951: First use of [[nuclear power]] to produce electricity for households in [[Arco, Idaho]]<ref name="factsheet">[http://www.inl.gov/factsheets/ebr-1.pdf Experimental Breeder Reactor 1 factsheet], Idaho National Laboratory</ref><ref>[http://www.ans.org/pubs/magazines/nn/docs/2001-11-2.pdf Fifty years ago in December: Atomic reactor EBR-I produced first electricity] American Nuclear Society Nuclear news, November 2001</ref>
*1958-59: Co-creation of the [[integrated circuit]] by [[Jack Kilby]] and [[Robert Noyce]].


==== 1970s ====
==== 1970s ====

Revision as of 19:29, 17 July 2012

Template:ORList

The 15th century invention of the printing press with movable type by the German Johannes Gutenberg is widely regarded as the most influential event of the modern era.[1]

The timeline of historic inventions is a chronological list of particularly important or significant technological inventions.

Note: Dates for inventions are often controversial. Inventions are often invented by several inventors around the same time, or may be invented in an impractical form many years before another inventor improves the invention into a more practical form. Where there is ambiguity, the date of the first known working version of the invention is used here.

Paleolithic Era

Further information: Outline of prehistoric technology

Note that the dates in the Paleolithic era are approximate and refer to the earliest discovered use of an invention, and may change as new research is created and older sites are found.

1st millennium BC

7th century BC

6th century BC

With the Greco-Roman trispastos ("three-pulley-crane"), the simplest ancient crane, a single man tripled the weight he could lift than with his muscular strength alone.[15]

5th century BC

3rd century BC

2nd century BC

The earliest fore-and-aft rigs, spritsails, appeared in the 2nd c. BC in the Aegean Sea on small Greek craft.[37] Here a spritsail used on a Roman merchant ship (3rd c. AD).

1st century BC

1st millennium AD

1st century

2nd century

3rd century

Schematic of the Roman Hierapolis sawmill. Dated to the 3rd century AD, it is the earliest known machine to incorporate a crank and connecting rod mechanism.[62][63][64]

4th century

5th century

6th century

7th century

9th century

A Mongol bomb thrown against a charging Japanese samurai during the Mongol invasions of Japan after founding the Yuan Dynasty, 1281.
  • 9th c.: Numerical zero in Ancient India: The concept of zero as a number, and not merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India.[84] In India, practical calculations were carried out using zero, which was treated like any other number by the 9th century, even in case of division.[84][85]

2nd millennium

11th century

12th century

  • 1119: Mariner's compass (wet compass) in Ancient China: The earliest recorded use of magnetized needle for navigational purposes at sea is found in Zhu Yu's book Pingzhou Table Talks of 1119 (written from 1111 to 1117).[88][91][92][93][94][95][96] The typical Chinese navigational compass was in the form of a magnetic needle floating in a bowl of water.[97] The familiar mariner's dry compass which used a pivoting needle suspended above a compass-card in a glass box was invented in medieval Europe no later than 1300.[98]

13th century

14th century

15th century

The oldest known parachute is depicted in this anonymous Italian manuscript dated to the 1470s.[102]

16th century

17th century

A 1609 title page of the German Relation, the world's first newspaper (first published in 1605)[107][108]

18th century

19th century

1800s

1810s

1820s

  • 1822 The pattern tracing lathe (actually more like a shaper) is completed by Thomas Blanchard for the U.S. Ordinance Dept. The lathe could copy symmetrical shapes and was used for making gun stocks, and later, ax handles. The lathe's patent was in force for 42 years, the record for any U.S. patent.[110][115]
  • 1826: Friction Match: John Walker[116]

1870s

  • 1878: Rebreather: Henry Fleuss was granted a patent for the first practical rebreather[117]
  • 1878 The electric light bulb was first patented in England by 1878 by Joseph Swan after having experimented since about 1850. Thomas Edison in the U.S. was working on improving the bulb patented by Swan and was granted a U.S. patent in 1879.

1880s

20th century

1950s

1970s

1977: A video game console is an interactive entertainment computer or customized computer system that produces a video display signal which can be used with a display device (a television, monitor, etc.) to display a video game. The term "video game console" is used to distinguish a machine designed for people to buy and use primarily for playing video games on a TV. As of 2007, it is estimated that video game consoles have made up 75% of the world's gaming market.[120]

1980s

1985: A CD-ROM (/[invalid input: 'icon']ˌsiːˌdiːˈrɒm/, an acronym of "Compact Disc Read-only memory") is a pre-pressed compact disc that contains data accessible to, but not writable by, a computer for data storage and music playback. The 1985 “Yellow Book” standard developed by Sony and Philips adapted the format to hold any form of binary data.[121]


1990s

1990:World Wide Web by a British national in Geneva, Switzerland: The World Wide Web was first proposed on March 1989 by English engineer and computer scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee, now the Director of the World Wide Web Consortium.[122] The project was publicly introduced in December 1990.[123]

1995: DVD is an optical disc storage format, invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. DVDs offer higher storage capacity than Compact Discs while having the same dimensions.

21st century

2000s

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ See People of the Millennium for an overview of the wide acclaim. In 1999, the A&E Network ranked Gutenberg no. 1 on their "People of the Millennium" countdown. In 1997, Time–Life magazine picked Gutenberg's invention as the most important of the second millennium; the same did four prominent US journalists in their 1998 resume 1,000 Years, 1,000 People: Ranking The Men and Women Who Shaped The Millennium. The Johann Gutenberg entry of the Catholic Encyclopedia describes his invention as having made a practically unparalleled cultural impact in the Christian era.
  2. ^ Harvard Gazette, Invention of cooking drove evolution of the human species
  3. ^ Hadfield, Peter, Gimme Shelter
  4. ^ Earliest evidence of art found
  5. ^ Kouwenhoven, Arlette P., World's Oldest Spears
  6. ^ Mazza, P; Martini, F; Sala, B; Magi, M; Colombini, M; Giachi, G; Landucci, F; Lemorini, C; Modugno, F (2006). "A new Palaeolithic discovery: tar-hafted stone tools in a European Mid-Pleistocene bone-bearing bed". Journal of Archaeological Science. 33 (9): 1310. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2006.01.006. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  7. ^ Evolving in their graves: early burials hold clues to human origins
  8. ^ Jennifer Viegas (31 March 2008). "Early Weapon Evidence Reveals Bloody Past". Discovery News.
  9. ^ Balter, M. (2009). "Clothes Make the (Hu) Man". Science. 325 (5946): 1329. doi:10.1126/science.325_1329a. PMID 19745126. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |author-name-separator= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |author-separator= ignored (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  10. ^ Kvavadze, E; Bar-Yosef, O; Belfer-Cohen, A; Boaretto, E; Jakeli, N; Matskevich, Z; Meshveliani, T. (2009). "30,000-Year-Old Wild Flax Fibers". Science. 325 (5946): 1359. doi:10.1126/science.1175404. PMID 19745144. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |author-name-separator= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |author-separator= ignored (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  11. ^ 'Oldest musical instrument' found, Pallab Ghosh, BBC News, June 25, 2009. Accessed on line August 26, 2009.
  12. ^ Small, Meredith F. (April 2002). "String theory: the tradition of spinning raw fibers dates back 28,000 years. (At The Museum)". Natural History. 111.3: 14(2)Template:Inconsistent citations {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  13. ^ "Chinese pottery may be earliest discovered." Associated Press. 2009-06-01
  14. ^ Turfa, J. MacIntosh; Steinmayer, A. G. (1999): "The Earliest Foresail, on Another Etruscan Vase", The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 292-296 (295)
  15. ^ Hans-Liudger, Dienel; Wolfgang, Meighörner (1997): "Der Tretradkran", Technikgeschichte series, 2nd ed., Deutsches Museum, München, p. 13
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  110. ^ a b Thomson, Ross (2009). Structures of Change in the Mechanical Age: Technological Invention in the United Sates 1790-1865. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-9141-0. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  111. ^ http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/jacquard.htm
  112. ^ http://archives.theiet.org/about/Arclamps/arclamps.htm
  113. ^ Andreas Luch (2009). Molecular, clinical and environmental toxicology. Springer. p. 20. ISBN 3-7643-8335-6.
  114. ^ http://www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/rhagor/article/trevithic_loco/
  115. ^ Hounshell 1984, p. 35
  116. ^ "John Walker's Friction Light". BBC. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
  117. ^ Quick, D. (1970). "A History Of Closed Circuit Oxygen Underwater Breathing Apparatus". Royal Australian Navy, School of Underwater Medicine. RANSUM-1-70. Retrieved 2011-08-25. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  118. ^ Experimental Breeder Reactor 1 factsheet, Idaho National Laboratory
  119. ^ Fifty years ago in December: Atomic reactor EBR-I produced first electricity American Nuclear Society Nuclear news, November 2001
  120. ^ "The World’s Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information", Martin Hilbert and Priscila López (2011), Science (journal), 332(6025), 60-65; free access to the article through here martinhilbert.net/WorldInfoCapacity.html
  121. ^ EP 689208  "Method for block oriented addressing" – for block layouts see columns 1 and 2
  122. ^ "Tim Berners Lee - Time 100 People of the Century". Time Magazine. Retrieved 17 May 2010. He wove the World Wide Web and created a mass medium for the 21st century. The World Wide Web is Berners-Lee's alone. He designed it. He loosed it on the world. And he more than anyone else has fought to keep it open, nonproprietary and free. .
  123. ^ Berners-Lee, Tim. "Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved April 21, 2009.

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  • Kreutz, Barbara M. (1973) "Mediterranean Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass", Technology and Culture, 14 (3: July), p. 367–383
  • Needham, Joseph (1962). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology; Part 1, Physics. Cambridge University Press., reprinted Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.(1986)
  • Needham, Joseph and Tsien Tsuen-Hsuin. (1985). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 1, Paper and Printing. Cambridge University Press., reprinted Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.(1986)
  • Needham, Joseph. (1987). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 7, Military Technology; the Gunpowder Epic. Cambridge University Press.
  • Pigott, Vincent C. (1999). The Archaeometallurgy of the Asian Old World. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. ISBN 0-924171-34-0.
  • Sivin, Nathan (1995). Science in Ancient China: Researches and Reflections. Brookfield, Vermont: VARIORUM, Ashgate Publishing.
  • Wagner, Donald B. (1993). Iron and Steel in Ancient China: Second Impression, With Corrections. Leiden: E.J. Brill. ISBN 90-04-09632-9.
  • Wagner, Donald B. (2001). The State and the Iron Industry in Han China. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Publishing. ISBN 87-87062-83-6.
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