Jump to content

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Darth Molo (talk | contribs)
233 edits
mNo edit summary
Line 62: Line 62:


==Sights==
==Sights==
[[File:Nizhny Novgorod Oblast map.png|thumb|right|Map of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]]
[[File:E7141-Balakhna-Saviour-Church.jpg|thumb|right|Savior's Church, [[Balakhna]]]]
[[File:Shukhov Oka Towers 1988 photo by Igor Kazus.jpg|thumb|right|[[Shukhov tower on the Oka River|Shukhov towers]] built in Nizhny Novgorod suburbs near Dzerzhinsk in 1927–1929]]

The unique [[architect]]ural construction—the {{convert|128|m|sp=us|adj=on}} [[steel]] lattice [[Shukhov tower on the Oka River|hyperboloid tower]] built by the Russian engineer and scientist [[Vladimir Shukhov|Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov]] in 1929—is located near the town of [[Dzerzhinsk, Russia|Dzerzhinsk]] on the left bank of the [[Oka River]].
The unique [[architect]]ural construction—the {{convert|128|m|sp=us|adj=on}} [[steel]] lattice [[Shukhov tower on the Oka River|hyperboloid tower]] built by the Russian engineer and scientist [[Vladimir Shukhov|Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov]] in 1929—is located near the town of [[Dzerzhinsk, Russia|Dzerzhinsk]] on the left bank of the [[Oka River]].


Line 78: Line 82:


According to the Federal Migration Service, 20,450 foreign citizens were registered in the oblast in 2006. The actual number of foreigners residing in the oblast as of June 1, 2006 was estimated to be over 22,000.<ref>[http://www.kurs-n.nnov.ru/30.06.2006/rakurs-1.html Дарья ВЛАДИМИРОВА, "Стройки под особым контролем"], Rakurs, 30 June 2006</ref>
According to the Federal Migration Service, 20,450 foreign citizens were registered in the oblast in 2006. The actual number of foreigners residing in the oblast as of June 1, 2006 was estimated to be over 22,000.<ref>[http://www.kurs-n.nnov.ru/30.06.2006/rakurs-1.html Дарья ВЛАДИМИРОВА, "Стройки под особым контролем"], Rakurs, 30 June 2006</ref>

===Religion===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (2012)<ref name="ArenaAtlas">[http://sreda.org/arena Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia]. Sreda.org</ref><ref name="2012maps">[http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg 2012 Survey Maps]. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. ''Retrieved 24-09-2012''.</ref>
|label1 = [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]]
|value1 = 69.2
|color1 = DarkOrchid
|label2 = Unaffiliated [[Christian]]
|value2 = 2
|color2 = MediumOrchid
|label3 = Other [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Orthodox]]
|value3 = 2
|color3 = Violet
|label4 = [[Rodnover]]
|value4 = 1
|color4 = YellowGreen
|label5 = Spiritual but not religious
|value5 = 15
|color5 = Gray
|label6 = [[Atheism|Atheist]]
|value6 = 10
|color6 = DarkGray
|label7 = Other or undeclared
|value7 = 0.8
|color7 = Silver
}}
According to a 2012 official survey<ref name="ArenaAtlas"/> 69.2% of the population of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast adheres to the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], 2% are unaffiliated generic [[Christian]]s, 2% adheres to other [[Orthodox Church]]es, and 1% to [[Rodnovery]] (Slavic Neopaganism). In addition, 15% of the population deems itself to be "spiritual but not religious", 10% is [[atheism|atheist]], and 0.8% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.<ref name="ArenaAtlas"/>


==Economy==
==Economy==
Line 116: Line 92:
The stock market infrastructure is quite well developed in Nizhny Novgorod, and the exchange business is expanding. Companies and organizations registered in the region include 1153 joint-stock companies, 63 investment institutions, 34 commercial banks, 35 insurance companies, 1 voucher investment fund, 1 investment fund, 17 nongovernmental pension funds, 2 associations of professional stock market dealers, and 3 exchanges (stock, currency, and agricultural). The oblast is noted for having relatively highly developed market relations.
The stock market infrastructure is quite well developed in Nizhny Novgorod, and the exchange business is expanding. Companies and organizations registered in the region include 1153 joint-stock companies, 63 investment institutions, 34 commercial banks, 35 insurance companies, 1 voucher investment fund, 1 investment fund, 17 nongovernmental pension funds, 2 associations of professional stock market dealers, and 3 exchanges (stock, currency, and agricultural). The oblast is noted for having relatively highly developed market relations.
Today, the region needs serious partners interested in equitable, long-term, mutually beneficial partnerships.
Today, the region needs serious partners interested in equitable, long-term, mutually beneficial partnerships.
[[File:C0258-Fedyakovo-Mega.jpg|thumb|200px|A shopping centre in [[Fedyakovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Fedyakovo]]]]
[[File:C0258-Fedyakovo-Mega.jpg|thumb|A shopping centre in [[Fedyakovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Fedyakovo]]]]


There are 650+ industrial companies in the region,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.government.nnov.ru/?id=1463 |title=Nizhny Novgorod News Network - NN.NN.RU |publisher=Government.nnov.ru |date= |accessdate=2012-08-13}}</ref> most of them engaged in the following sectors:
There are 650+ industrial companies in the region,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.government.nnov.ru/?id=1463 |title=Nizhny Novgorod News Network - NN.NN.RU |publisher=Government.nnov.ru |date= |accessdate=2012-08-13}}</ref> most of them engaged in the following sectors:
Line 132: Line 108:
*Peat extraction.
*Peat extraction.
These key industries are supplemented by other sectors of the economy such as agriculture, trade, services, communications and transport.
These key industries are supplemented by other sectors of the economy such as agriculture, trade, services, communications and transport.

===Transportation===
===Transportation===
[[Altsevo peat narrow gauge railway]] is located in the [[urban-type settlement|work settlement]] of [[Pizhma, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Pizhma]].
[[Altsevo peat narrow gauge railway]] is located in the [[urban-type settlement|work settlement]] of [[Pizhma, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Pizhma]].

Revision as of 21:17, 2 February 2013

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Oblast
Нижегородская область
Flag of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Flag
Coat of arms of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Coat of arms
CountryRussia
Federal districtVolga[1]
Economic regionVolga-Vyatka[2]
Administrative centerNizhny Novgorod
Government
 • BodyLegislative Assembly
 • GovernorValery Shantsev[3]
Area
[4]
 • Total76,900 km2 (29,700 sq mi)
 • Rank40th
Population
 (2010 census)[5]
 • Total3,310,597
 • Estimate 
(2018)[6]
3,234,752 (−2.3%)
 • Rank10th
 • Density43/km2 (110/sq mi)
 • Urban
78.9%
 • Rural
21.1%
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[7])
ISO 3166 codeRU-NIZ
License plates52, 152
OKTMO ID22000000
Official languagesRussian[8]
Websitehttp://www.government-nnov.ru/

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Russian: Нижегоро́дская о́бласть, Nizhegorodskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. Population: 3,310,597 (2010 Census).[5]

The oblast is crossed by the Volga River. Apart from Nizhny Novgorod's metropolitan area, the biggest city is Arzamas. Near the town of Sarov there is the Serafimo-Diveyevsky Monastery, one of the largest convents in Russia, established by Saint Seraphim of Sarov. The Makaryev Monastery opposite of the town of Lyskovo used to be the location of the largest fair in Eastern Europe. Other historic towns include Gorodets and Balakhna, located on the Volga to the north from Nizhny Novgorod.

Geography

The oblast covers an area of 76,900 square kilometers (29,700 sq mi), which is approximately equal to the entire area of the Benelux countries. Agricultural land occupies 41% of this area; forests, 48%, lakes and rivers, 2%; and other lands, 9%. Nizhny Novgorod Oblast borders Kostroma Oblast (N), Kirov Oblast (NE), the Mari El Republic (E), the Chuvash Republic (E), the Republic of Mordovia (S), Ryazan Oblast (SW), Vladimir Oblast (W), and Ivanovo Oblast (NW).

Natural resources

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast is not rich in natural resources, which are, mostly, limited to commercial deposits of sand (including titanium-zirconium sands), clay, gypsum, peat, mineral salt, and timber.

Sights

Map of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Savior's Church, Balakhna
Shukhov towers built in Nizhny Novgorod suburbs near Dzerzhinsk in 1927–1929

The unique architectural construction—the 128-meter (420 ft) steel lattice hyperboloid tower built by the Russian engineer and scientist Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov in 1929—is located near the town of Dzerzhinsk on the left bank of the Oka River.

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Demographics

Population: 3,310,597 (2010 Census);[5] 3,524,028 (2002 Census);[9] 3,714,322 (1989 Soviet census).[10]

According to the 2010 Census,[5] ethnic Russians at 3,109,661 made up 95.1% of the oblast's population. Other ethnic groups included Tatars (44,103, or 1.4%), Mordva (19,138, or 0.6%), Ukrainians (17,657, or 0.5%), and various smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total. Additionally, 42,349 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[11]

  • Births (2011): 36,315 (11.0 per 1000)
  • Deaths (2011): 54,184 (16.4 per 1000)

Deaths decreased by 8.5% in 2011 compared to 2010.[12]

According to the Federal Migration Service, 20,450 foreign citizens were registered in the oblast in 2006. The actual number of foreigners residing in the oblast as of June 1, 2006 was estimated to be over 22,000.[13]

Economy

The oblast ranks seventh in Russia in industrial output, while the processing industry predominates in the local economy. More than 650 industrial companies employ nearly 700 000 people, or 62% of the workforce involved in material production. Industry generates 83% of the regional GDP and accounts for 89% of all material expenditures. The leading sectors are engineering and metalworking, followed by chemical and petrochemical industries and forestry, woodworking, and paper industries. The first three sectors account for about 75% of all industrial production.

The oblast has traditionally been attractive to investors. In 2002, Moody's rating agency confirmed a Caa1rating based on the region's long-term foreign currency liabilities.[14]

The region maintains trade relations with many countries and has an export surplus. The largest volume of exports goes to Ukraine, Belarus, Switzerland, Kazakhstan, Belgium, and France. Imports come mainly from Ukraine, Germany, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Austria, Netherlands, China, and the United States.

The stock market infrastructure is quite well developed in Nizhny Novgorod, and the exchange business is expanding. Companies and organizations registered in the region include 1153 joint-stock companies, 63 investment institutions, 34 commercial banks, 35 insurance companies, 1 voucher investment fund, 1 investment fund, 17 nongovernmental pension funds, 2 associations of professional stock market dealers, and 3 exchanges (stock, currency, and agricultural). The oblast is noted for having relatively highly developed market relations. Today, the region needs serious partners interested in equitable, long-term, mutually beneficial partnerships.

A shopping centre in Fedyakovo

There are 650+ industrial companies in the region,[15] most of them engaged in the following sectors:

  • Machine-building and engineering
  • Chemical & petrochemical
  • Fuel & energy
  • Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy
  • Construction materials
  • Glass
  • Wood and paper
  • Cloth-making
  • Food & food processing
  • Medical & pharmaceuticals
  • Printing & publishing.
  • Peat extraction.

These key industries are supplemented by other sectors of the economy such as agriculture, trade, services, communications and transport.

Transportation

Altsevo peat narrow gauge railway is located in the work settlement of Pizhma.

References

Media related to Nizhny Novgorod Oblast at Wikimedia Commons

  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ^ Official website of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Valery Pavlinovich Shantsev, Governor of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
  4. ^ "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  6. ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  7. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  8. ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  9. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  10. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  11. ^ "Перепись-2010: русских становится больше". Perepis-2010.ru. 2011-12-19. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  12. ^ "Росстат. Демография". Gks.ru. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  13. ^ Дарья ВЛАДИМИРОВА, "Стройки под особым контролем", Rakurs, 30 June 2006
  14. ^ http://russiatrek.org/r_nnovgorod.shtml
  15. ^ "Nizhny Novgorod News Network - NN.NN.RU". Government.nnov.ru. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast&oldid=536248889"