Turks in the Arab world: Difference between revisions

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Turks in the Arab world refers to ethnic Turks who live in the Arab World. The immigrations of Seljukians and its successors, Mamluks and the conquest of the region by the Ottoman Empire set in motion important population movements of Turkish colonizers who were brought over from Anatolia and Asia Minor to Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen,^[1]^[2] establishing a firm Turkish base for further conquests in the region. Hence, the Ottomans used colonization as a very effective method to consolidate their position and power in the region.^[3]

History

Ottoman migration

Levant Turks

Region colonized	Ottoman conquest and year of Turkish settlement	Name of Turkish community
Turkish colonization in the Levant
Iraq	1534	Iraqi Turks
Jordan	1516	Jordan Turks
Lebanon	1516	Lebanese Turks
Syria	1516	Syrian Turks

North African Turks

Region colonized	Ottoman conquest and year of Turkish settlement	Name of Turkish community	Current status
Turkish colonization in North Africa
Algeria	1517	Algerian Turks	5%^[4] to as much as 25%^[5] of Algeria's population are of Turkish origin.
Egypt	1517	Egyptian Turkmens	100,000 Turks are still living in Egypt.^[6]
Libya	1551	Libyan Turks	In 1936 there was 35,000 Turks living in Libya, forming about 5% of the total population at the time.^[7]
Sudan		Sudanese Turks	about 5000
Tunisia	1574	Tunisian Turks	As much as 25% of Tunisia's population are of Turkish origin.^[5]

Demographics

Country	Current est. Turkish population	Further information
Algeria	600,000-3,300,000^[8]^[4]^[9]^[10]	Turks in Algeria
Bahrain
Djibouti
Egypt	100,000^[6]-1,500,000^[11]	Turks in Egypt
Iraq	500,000–3,000,000^[12]^[11]	Iraqi Turkmens^[a]
Jordan	60,000^[9]	Turks in Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon	80,000^[13]	Turks in Lebanon
Libya	50,000^[9]	Turks in Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestinian territories
Qatar
Saudi Arabia	150,000^[9]	Turks in Saudi Arabia
Syria	750,000-3,500,000^[14]^[11]	Syrian Turkmens
Tunisia	500,000^[9]-2,000,000^[15]	Turks in Tunisia
United Arab Emirates
Yemen	10,000-30,000^[16]^[17]	Turks in Yemen
Total	8,760,000 (in 1993)^[9]

Notes

^ a: The Iraqi Turkmen are the descendants of various waves of Turkic migration to Mesopotamia dating from the 7th century until Ottoman rule. Most of today's descendants of the 7th century migrants have been assimilated into the local Arab population.^[18] Thus, the majortiy of today's Iraqi Turkmen are the descendants of the Ottoman soldiers, traders and civil servants who were brought into Iraq during the rule of the Ottoman Empire.^[19]^[20]^[21]^[18]

References

^ Milli Gazete. "Levanten Türkler". Retrieved 2012-03-19.
^ Todays Zaman. "Turks in northern Africa yearn for Ottoman ancestors". Retrieved 2012-03-18.
^ Doğanay 1995, 46.
^ ^a ^b Oxford Business Group 2008, 10.
^ ^a ^b Hizmetli 1953, 10.
^ ^a ^b Baedeker 2000, lviii.
^ Pan 1949, 103.
^ Turkish Embassy in Algeria (2008), Cezayir Ülke Raporu 2008, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, p. 4
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Akar 1993, 95.
^ Zaman. "Türk'ün Cezayir'deki lakabı: Hıyarunnas!". Retrieved 2012-03-18.
^ ^a ^b ^c Akar 1993, 94.
^ Park 2005, 36
^ Al-Akhbar. "Lebanese Turks Seek Political and Social Recognition". Retrieved 2012-03-02.
^ Özkaya 2007, 112.
^ Haftaya Bakış, Bakış Basın Yayın Organizasyon, 1998, p. 35.
^ Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı. "Cumhurbaşkanı Gül, Türkiye-Yemen İş Forumu'nda". Retrieved 2011-05-12.
^ Star Gazete. "Yemen Mecnun'u çöllere düşüren büyülü ülke". Retrieved 2011-05-12.
^ ^a ^b Taylor 2004, 31.
^ International Crisis Group 2008, 16.
^ Library of Congress, Iraq: Other Minorities, Library of Congress Country Studies, retrieved 2011-11-24
^ Jawhar 2010, 314.

Bibliography

Akar, Metin (1993), "Fas Arapçasında Osmanlı Türkçesinden Alınmış Kelimeler", Türklük Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7: 91–110
Baedeker, Karl (2000), Egypt, Elibron, ISBN 1-4021-9705-5
Doğanay, Hayati (1995), "Cumhuriyetin 70.Yılında Türk Dünyası'nın Siyasi Sınırları", Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 1 (1): 23–56
Hizmetli, Sabri (1953), "Osmanlı Yönetimi Döneminde Tunus ve Cezayir'in Eğitim ve Kültür Tarihine Genel Bir Bakış" (PDF), Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 32 (0): 1–12
International Crisis Group (2008), Turkey and the Iraqi Kurds: Conflict or Cooperation?, Middle East Report N°81 –13 November 2008: International Crisis Group{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
Jawhar, Raber Tal’at (2010), "The Iraqi Turkmen Front", in Catusse, Myriam; Karam, Karam (eds.) (eds.), Returning to Political Parties?, The Lebanese Center for Policy Studies, pp. 313–328, ISBN 1-886604-75-4 {{citation}}: |editor2-first= has generic name (help).
Karpat, Kemal H. (2004), Studies on Turkish Politics and Society: Selected Articles and Essays:Volume 94 of Social, economic, and political studies of the Middle East, BRILL, ISBN 90-04-13322-4.
Kibaroğlu, Mustafa; Kibaroğlu, Ayșegül; Halman, Talât Sait (2009), Global security watch Turkey: A reference handbook, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-313-34560-0.
Oxford Business Group (2008), The Report: Algeria 2008, Oxford Business Group, ISBN 1-902339-09-6 {{citation}}: |last= has generic name (help).
Özkaya, Abdi Noyan (2007), "Suriye Kürtleri: Siyasi Etkisizlik ve Suriye Devleti'nin Politikaları" (PDF), Review of International Law and Politics, 2 (8), retrieved 2010-09-10
Pan, Chia-Lin (1949), "The Population of Libya", Population Studies, 3 (1): 100–125
Park, Bill (2005), Turkey's policy towards northern Iraq: problems and perspectives, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-415-38297-1.
Taylor, Scott (2004), Among the Others: Encounters with the Forgotten Turkmen of Iraq, Esprit de Corps Books, ISBN 1-895896-26-6

External links

[1] Milli Gazete. "Levanten Türkler". Retrieved 2012-03-19.

[2] Todays Zaman. "Turks in northern Africa yearn for Ottoman ancestors". Retrieved 2012-03-18.

[3] Doğanay 1995, 46.

[OBG_2008_loc=10-4] Oxford Business Group 2008, 10.

[Hizmetli_1953_loc=10-5] Hizmetli 1953, 10.

[Baedeker_2000_loc=lviii-6] Baedeker 2000, lviii.

[Pan_1949_loc=103-7] Pan 1949, 103.

[8] Turkish Embassy in Algeria (2008), Cezayir Ülke Raporu 2008, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, p. 4

[Akar_1993_loc=95-9] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Akar 1993, 95.

[Zaman-10] Zaman. "Türk'ün Cezayir'deki lakabı: Hıyarunnas!". Retrieved 2012-03-18.

[Akar_1993_loc=94-11] Akar 1993, 94.

[Park_2005_loc=36-12] Park 2005, 36

[Al-Akhbar-13] Al-Akhbar. "Lebanese Turks Seek Political and Social Recognition". Retrieved 2012-03-02.

[Özkaya_2007_loc=112-14] Özkaya 2007, 112.

[HaftayaBakış-15] Haftaya Bakış, Bakış Basın Yayın Organizasyon, 1998, p. 35.

[TCC-16] Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı. "Cumhurbaşkanı Gül, Türkiye-Yemen İş Forumu'nda". Retrieved 2011-05-12.

[17] Star Gazete. "Yemen Mecnun'u çöllere düşüren büyülü ülke". Retrieved 2011-05-12.

[Taylor_2004_loc=31-18] Taylor 2004, 31.

[19] International Crisis Group 2008, 16.

[20] Library of Congress, Iraq: Other Minorities, Library of Congress Country Studies, retrieved 2011-11-24

[21] Jawhar 2010, 314.

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@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 | {{flag|Djibouti}}  || || ||
 |-
-| {{flag|Egypt}}  || 100,000<ref name="Baedeker 2000 loc=lviii"/>-1,500,000<ref name="Akar 1993 loc=94">{{Harvnb|Akar|1993|loc=94}}.</ref> || [[Egyptian Turkmens]] ||
+| {{flag|Egypt}}  || 100,000<ref name="Baedeker 2000 loc=lviii"/>-1,500,000<ref name="Akar 1993 loc=94">{{Harvnb|Akar|1993|loc=94}}.</ref> || [[Turks in Egypt]] ||
 |-
 | {{flag|Iraq}}  || 500,000–3,000,000<ref name="Park 2005 loc=36">{{Harvnb|Park|2005|loc=36}}</ref><ref name="Akar 1993 loc=94"/> || [[Iraqi Turkmens]]{{Cref|a}} ||