Temple Grandin: Difference between revisions
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'''Mary Temple Grandin''' (born August 29, 1947) is an American [[professor]] of [[animal science]] at [[Colorado State University]], best-selling author, autism activist and consultant to the [[livestock]] industry on animal behavior. She is the inventor of the "[[Hug machine|hug box]]", a device to calm those on the [[autism spectrum]]. In the 2010 ''[[Time 100]]'' list of the one hundred most influential people in the world, she was named in the "Heroes" category.<ref name="hauser">{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1984685_1984949_1985222,00.html |title=The 2010 Time 100. In our annual TIME 100 issue, we name the people who most affect our world: Temple Grandin |author=Marc Hauser |date=April 29, 2010 |work=Time |accessdate=2010-12-29}}</ref> She was the subject of the award-winning, biographical film, ''[[Temple Grandin (film)|Temple Grandin]]''. |
'''Mary Temple Grandin''' (born August 29, 1947) is an American [[professor]] of [[animal science]] at [[Colorado State University]], best-selling author, autism activist and consultant to the [[livestock]] industry on animal behavior. She is the inventor of the "[[Hug machine|hug box]]", a device to calm those on the [[autism spectrum]]. In the 2010 ''[[Time 100]]'' list of the one hundred most influential people in the world, she was named in the "Heroes" category.<ref name="hauser">{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1984685_1984949_1985222,00.html |title=The 2010 Time 100. In our annual TIME 100 issue, we name the people who most affect our world: Temple Grandin |author=Marc Hauser |date=April 29, 2010 |work=Time |accessdate=2010-12-29}}</ref> She was the subject of the award-winning, biographical film, ''[[Temple Grandin (film)|Temple Grandin]]''. |
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==Early life and education== |
==Early life and education== |
Revision as of 00:30, 10 November 2015
Temple Grandin | |
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![]() Grandin in 2011 | |
Born | Mary Temple Grandin[1] August 29, 1947 Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
Alma mater | |
Known for |
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Scientific career | |
Fields | |
Institutions | Colorado State University |
Website | Grandin.com |
Neurodiversity paradigm |
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Mary Temple Grandin (born August 29, 1947) is an American professor of animal science at Colorado State University, best-selling author, autism activist and consultant to the livestock industry on animal behavior. She is the inventor of the "hug box", a device to calm those on the autism spectrum. In the 2010 Time 100 list of the one hundred most influential people in the world, she was named in the "Heroes" category.[2] She was the subject of the award-winning, biographical film, Temple Grandin.
Early life and education
Grandin was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to Eustacia Cutler and Richard Grandin. Although she was diagnosed with autism in 1949 at the age of four, she was labeled with brain damage and placed early in a structured nursery school. When a doctor suggested speech therapy for Grandin, her mother hired a nanny to assist in the child's development. The nanny would spend hours playing turn-taking games with Grandin and her sister.[3]
Her speech development delayed, Grandin did not begin talking until she was three and a half years old.[4] She considers herself fortunate to have had supportive mentors from elementary school onward. Even so, Grandin states that junior high and high school were the most unpleasant times of her life due to her poor conversational skills. She was the "nerdy kid" whom everyone ridiculed. At times, while she walked down the hallways, her fellow students would taunt her by saying "tape recorder" because of her habit of repetitive speech. Grandin states, "I could laugh about it now, but back then it really hurt."[5]
After she graduated in 1966 from Hampshire Country School, a boarding school for gifted children in Rindge, New Hampshire, Grandin went on to earn her bachelor's degree in psychology from Franklin Pierce College in 1970, a master's degree in animal science from Arizona State University in 1975, and a doctoral degree in animal science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1989.
Career
Grandin is a prominent and widely cited proponent of the rights of people with autism and of animal welfare.[6]
She has lectured widely about her first-hand experiences of the anxiety of feeling threatened by everything in her surroundings, and of being dismissed and feared, which motivates her work in humane livestock handling processes. She studied the behavior of cattle, how they react to ranchers, movements, objects and light. Grandin then designed adapted curved corrals, intended to reduce stress, panic and injury in animals being led to slaughter.
Her business website promotes improvement of standards for slaughterhouses and livestock farms. In 2004, she won a "Proggy" award in the "Visionary" category, from People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.[7]
One of her notable essays about animal welfare is "Animals Are Not Things",[8] in which she posits that technically, animals are property in our society, but the law ultimately gives them ethical protections or rights. She compares the properties and rights of owning cows, versus owning screwdrivers, enumerating how both may be used to serve human purposes in many ways, but when it comes to inflicting pain, there is a vital distinction between such "properties": legally a person can smash or grind up a screwdriver, but cannot torture an animal legally.
Grandin became well-known after being described by Oliver Sacks in the title narrative of his book An Anthropologist on Mars (1995), for which he won a Polk Award; the title is derived from Grandin's description of how she feels around neurotypical people. She first spoke in public about autism in the mid-1980s, at the request of Ruth C. Sullivan, one of the founders of the Autism Society of America (ASA). Sullivan writes:
I first met Temple in the mid-1980s [at the] annual [ASA] conference. Standing on the periphery of the group was a tall young woman who was obviously interested in the discussions. She seemed shy and pleasant, but mostly she just listened. I learned her name was Temple Grandin. It wasn't until later in the week that I realized she was someone with autism. I approached her and asked if she'd be willing to speak at the next year's [ASA] conference. She agreed. The next year Temple first addressed an [ASA] audience. People were standing at least three deep. The audience couldn't get enough of her. Here, for the first time, was someone who could tell us from her own experience, what it was like to be extremely sound sensitive ("like being tied to the rail and the train's coming"). She was asked many questions: "Why does my son do so much spinning?" "Why does he hold his hands to his ears?" "Why doesn't he look at me?" She spoke from her own experience, and her insight was impressive. There were tears in more than one set of eyes that day. Temple quickly became a much sought-after speaker in the autism community.[9]
Based on personal experience, Grandin advocates early intervention to address autism and supportive teachers, who can direct fixations of the child with autism in fruitful directions. She has described her hypersensitivity to noise and other sensory stimuli. She claims she is a primarily visual thinker[10] and has said that words are her second language. Temple attributes her success as a humane livestock facility designer to her ability to recall detail, which is a characteristic of her visual memory. Grandin compares her memory to full-length movies in her head, that may be replayed at will, allowing her to notice small details. She also is able to view her memories using slightly different contexts by changing the positions of the lighting and shadows.
Her insight into the minds of cattle has taught her to value the changes in details to which animals are particularly sensitive and to use her visualization skills to design thoughtful and humane animal-handling equipment. She was named a fellow of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers in 2009.[11]
As a partial proponent of neurodiversity, Grandin has expressed that she would not support a cure of the entirety of the autism spectrum.[12]
In 2012, when the American beef industry was struggling with public perception of its use and sale of pink slime, Grandin spoke out in support of the food product. She said, “It should be on the market. It should be labeled. We should not be throwing away that much beef."[13]
Personal life
"I think using animals for food is an ethical thing to do, but we've got to do it right. We've got to give those animals a decent life, and we've got to give them a painless death. We owe the animal respect."
—Temple Grandin
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Temple_Grandin_at_TED.jpg/220px-Temple_Grandin_at_TED.jpg)
Grandin says that "the part of other people that has emotional relationships is not part of me", and she has neither married nor had children. She later stated for example that she preferred the science fiction, documentary, and thriller genre of films and television shows to more dramatic or romantic ones. Beyond her work in animal science and welfare and autism rights, her interests include horse riding, science fiction, movies, and biochemistry.
She has noted in her autobiographical works that autism affects every aspect of her life. She has to wear comfortable clothes to counteract her sensory processing disorder and has structured her lifestyle to avoid sensory overload. She regularly takes antidepressants, but no longer uses a squeeze-box (hug machine), a device which she invented at the age of 18 as a form of stress relief therapy,[14] stating in February 2010 that: "It broke two years ago, and I never got around to fixing it. I'm into hugging people now."[15]
Honors
In 2010, Grandin was named in the Time 100 list of the one hundred most influential people in the world in the "Heroes" category.[2] In 2011, she received a Double Helix Medal.[16] She has received honorary degrees from many universities including Carnegie Mellon University in the United States (2012), McGill University in Canada (1999), and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (2009).[17] In 2015, she was named an Honorary Fellow of the Society for Technical Communication.[18]
In a TED talk given in 2010, Grandin stated, "The world needs all types of minds."[19]
In popular culture
Grandin has been featured on major media programs, such as Lisa Davis's It's Your Health, ABC's Primetime Live, the Today Show, and Larry King Live, the NPR show, Fresh Air with Terry Gross, and she has been written up in Time magazine, People magazine, Discover magazine, Forbes, and The New York Times.[20][21] In 2012, Grandin was interviewed on Thriving Canine Radio to discuss "A Different Perspective on Animal Behavior."
She was the subject of the Horizon documentary, “The Woman Who Thinks Like a Cow,” first broadcast by the BBC on June 8, 2006, and Nick News with Linda Ellerbee in the spring of 2006.[22] She also has been a subject in the series First Person by Errol Morris.
Grandin is the focus of a semi-biographical HBO film, entitled Temple Grandin,[23][24] starring Claire Danes as Grandin.[25] The movie was released in 2010, was nominated for 15 Emmys, and received five awards, including Outstanding Made for Television Movie and Best Actress in a Drama.[26] Grandin was on stage as the award was accepted, and she spoke briefly to the audience. Coincidentally, the 2010 Emmy Awards happened on Grandin's birthday. At the 2011 Golden Globes, Claire Danes won a Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actress in a Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for Television.
Grandin was featured in Beautiful Minds: A Voyage Into the Brain, a documentary produced in 2006 by colourFIELD tell-a-vision, a German company. She appeared in a 2011 documentary on Sci Channel, "Ingenious Minds".[27] She was named one of 2010's one hundred most influential people in the world by Time magazine.[2]
She also was interviewed by Michael Pollan in his best-selling book, The Omnivore's Dilemma,[28] in which she discussed the livestock industry.
Grandin was also invited to give a lecture at a TEDTalk conference in February 2010. Her lecture discussed the importance of fostering different kinds of minds among young people, particularly focusing on children on the autism spectrum.[29]
Folk-punk band Andrew Jackson Jihad included two songs called "Temple Grandin" and "Temple Grandin Too" on their LP Christmas Island.[30]
Publications
- Emergence: Labeled Autistic (with Margaret Scariano, 1986, updated 1991), ISBN 0-446-67182-7
- The Learning Style of People with Autism: An Autobiography (1995). In Teaching Children with Autism : Strategies to Enhance Communication and Socialization, Kathleen Ann Quill, ISBN 0-8273-6269-2
- Thinking in Pictures: Other Reports from My Life with Autism (1996) ISBN 0-679-77289-8
- Developing Talents: Careers for Individuals with Asperger Syndrome and High-Functioning Autism (2004). ISBN 1-931282-56-0
- Animals in Translation: Using the Mysteries of Autism to Decode Animal Behavior (with Catherine Johnson, 2005), ISBN 0-7432-4769-8
- The Unwritten Rules of Social Relationships: Decoding Social Mysteries Through the Unique Perspectives of Autism (with Sean Barron, 2005), ISBN 1-932565-06-X
- The Way I See It: A Personal Look At Autism And Asperger's (2008), ISBN 9781932565720
- Animals Make Us Human: Creating the Best life for Animals (with Catherine Johnson, 2009), ISBN 978-0-15-101489-7
- The Autistic Brain: Thinking Across the Spectrum (with Richard Panek, 2013), ISBN 978-0-547-63645-0
- Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals, Second Edition (with Mark Deesing, 2013), ISBN 978-0-12-394586-0
- Improving animal welfare: a practical approach (2010). ISBN 978-1-84593-541-2, CABI, UK
- Livestock handling and transport (2007). ISBN 978-1-84593-219-0. CABI, UK.
- Grandin, T. 2013. Making slaughterhouses more humane for cattle, pigs, and sheep. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences. 1:491-512.
- Grandin, T. 2001. Cattle vocalizations are associated with handling and equipment problems at beef slaughter plants. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. Volume 71, 2001, Pg. 191-201.
- Grandin, T. 1996. Factors That Impede Animal Movement at Slaughter Plants. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 209 No.4:757-759.
- Grandin, T. 1995. Restraint of Livestock. Proceedings: Animal Behaviour Design of Livestock and Poultry Systems International Conference (pages 208-223). Published by: Northeast Regional Agriculture Engineering Service. Cooperative Extension. 152 Riley – Robb Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14853 USA.
- Grandin, T. 1994. Euthanasia and Slaughter of Livestock. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association. Volume 204:1354-1360.
- Grandin, T. 1989 (Updated 1999). Behavioral Principles of Livestock Handling. Professional Scientist. December 1989 (pages 1–11).
See also
- Animal welfare
- Animal welfare science
- Autism rights movement
- Controversies in autism
- Wendy Jacob
- Sociological and cultural aspects of autism
- Temple Grandin (film)
Notes
- ^ Montgomery, Sy (April 3, 2012). Temple Grandin: How the Girl Who Loved Cows Embraced Autism and Changed the World. Houghton Mifflin Books for Children. ISBN 0547443153.
- ^ a b c Marc Hauser (April 29, 2010). "The 2010 Time 100. In our annual TIME 100 issue, we name the people who most affect our world: Temple Grandin". Time. Retrieved 2010-12-29.
- ^ Temple Grandin and Richard Panek (2013) The Autistic Brain: Thinking Across the Spectrum, p. 4. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- ^ Mayo Clinic staff. "Language development: Speech milestones for babies". Retrieved 19 January 2014.
- ^ 'Temple Grandin Inducted into Colorado Women's Hall of Fame', http://www.wherefoodcomesfrom.com/article/2281/Temple-Grandin-Inducted-into-Colorado-Womens-Hall-of-Fame#.UdA8G2thiK0, retrieved 30 June 2013.
- ^ "Temple Grandin – Speaker Profile and Speaking Topics". apbspeakers.com.
- ^ "2004 PETA Proggy Awards". PETA. 2004-09-30. Retrieved 2009-08-09.
- ^ "Animals are not things". Retrieved 2009-07-06.
- ^ The Way I See It: A Personal Look at … – Temple Grandin – Google Books. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
- ^ Grandin T (2009). "How does visual thinking work in the mind of a person with autism? A personal account". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 364 (1522): 1437–42. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0297. PMC 2677580. PMID 19528028.
- ^ "2009 ASABE Fellows". American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE). Retrieved 2010-12-29.
- ^ Wrong Planet – Aspergers and Autism Community. "Interview with Temple Grandin". Wrong Planet. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
- ^ "Animal scientist Temple Grandin supports 'pink slime'". Washington Post. 2012-05-23. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
- ^ Temple Grandin (Spring 1992). "Calming Effects of Deep Touch Pressure in Patients with Autistic Disorder, College Students, and Animals". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2 (1). Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.: 63–72. doi:10.1089/cap.1992.2.63. PMID 19630623.
- ^ Claudia Wallis: “Temple Grandin on Temple Grandin”. Time, February 4, 2010
- ^ "Double Helix Medals of 2011". Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ Grandin, Temple. "Professional resume". Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ Society for Technical Communication: "Temple Grandin Named Honorary Fellow".
- ^ Grandin, T. (2010, February). Temple Grandin: The world needs all types of minds [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.ted.com/talks/temple_grandin_the_world_needs_all_kinds_of_minds
- ^ "Dr. Temple Grandin". Templegrandin.com. Retrieved 2009-08-09.
- ^ "What Do Animals Think?". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 2011-06-27.
- ^ "The Woman who thinks like a Cow". Horizon. BBC. November 2006. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ^ “Temple Grandin Talks About Her Upcoming HBO Biopic”. beefmagazine.com, October 31, 2008
- ^ Harris, Will (April 2, 2010). "A Chat with Temple Grandin". premiumhollywood.com. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
- ^ Temple Grandin at IMDb
- ^ CBSNews.com, August 30, 2010
- ^ Ingenious Minds at IMDb
- ^ http://www.us.penguingroup.com/static/pdf/.../OmnivoresDilemmaTG.pdf
- ^ Temple Grandin. "Temple Grandin: The world needs all kinds of minds – Talk Video – TED.com". ted.com.
- ^ "Andrew Jackson Jihad's "Temple Grandin" Video – Premiere – Fuse". Fuse.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Official website
- Temple Grandin's Official Autism Website
- Temple Grandin at IMDb
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Temple Grandin at TED
- Temple Grandin interviewed on Conversations from Penn State
- In Depth with Temple Grandin, C-Span interview from November 1, 2009
- Exclusive interview" with Revista Autismo (Autism Magazine from Brazil), from December 2012 (English version)
- An Interview With Dr. Temple Grandin, from September 2013
- Temple Grandin Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America
- 1947 births
- Living people
- American animal care and training writers
- American educators
- American health activists
- American memoirists
- American social sciences writers
- Arizona State University alumni
- Autism activists
- Autism rights movement
- Colorado State University faculty
- Disability rights activists from the United States
- Ethologists
- Franklin Pierce University alumni
- Anthrozoology
- People from Fort Collins, Colorado
- People on the autism spectrum
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign alumni
- Women biologists
- Women inventors
- Writers from Boston, Massachusetts