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Undid revision 709814854 by Kordestani (talk) The area shown in the map is in the control of SDF and not solely the "Kurds"
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| conflict = Syrian Civil War
| conflict = Syrian Civil War
| image = [[File:Syrian civil war.png|border|upright=1.35|frameless]]
| image = [[File:Syrian civil war.png|border|upright=1.35|frameless]]
| caption = '''Current military situation:''' <span style= "background-color: #ebc0b3; color: DarkRed">''Red''</span>: [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syrian Government]], <span style ="background-color:#e2d974; color: SaddleBrown;">''Yellow''</span>: [[Kurds]] ([[Rojava]]), <span style= "background-color: #b4b2ae; color: Black;">''Grey''</span>: [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]<!--do not shorten to Islamic State per naming conventions on group-->, <span style= "background-color: #fff7fd; color: black; border:solid 1px DarkGray;">''White''</span>: [[al-Nusra Front]], <span style="background-color:#cae7c4; color: DarkGreen">''Green''</span>: [[Syrian opposition|Syrian Opposition]]<br><small>(for a more detailed map, see [[Cities and towns during the Syrian Civil War]]). Map above was last updated on {{#invoke:Iraq Syria map date|syriadate}}.</small>
| caption = '''Current military situation:''' <span style= "background-color: #ebc0b3; color: DarkRed">''Red''</span>: [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syrian Government]], <span style ="background-color:#e2d974; color: SaddleBrown;">''Yellow''</span>: [[Syrian Democratic Forces]] ([[Rojava]]), <span style= "background-color: #b4b2ae; color: Black;">''Grey''</span>: [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]<!--do not shorten to Islamic State per naming conventions on group-->, <span style= "background-color: #fff7fd; color: black; border:solid 1px DarkGray;">''White''</span>: [[al-Nusra Front]], <span style="background-color:#cae7c4; color: DarkGreen">''Green''</span>: [[Syrian opposition|Syrian Opposition]]<br><small>(for a more detailed map, see [[Cities and towns during the Syrian Civil War]]). Map above was last updated on {{#invoke:Iraq Syria map date|syriadate}}.</small>
| partof = the [[Arab Spring]], the [[Arab Winter]], the spillover of the [[Iraqi Civil War (2014–present)|Iraqi Civil War]], [[Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gerges|first1=Fawaz|authorlink1=Fawaz Gerges|title=Saudi Arabia and Iran must end their proxy war in Syria|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/15/saudia-arabia-iran-proxy-war-syria|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=15 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rogin|first1=Josh|title=Iran and Saudi Arabia Clash Inside Syria Talks|url=http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-11-04/iran-and-saudi-arabia-clash-inside-syria-talks|work=[[Bloomberg View]]|date=4 November 2015|quote=...Iran and Saudi Arabia to discuss anything civilly, much less come to an agreement on Syria, where both sides have proxy forces in the fight.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Loewenstein|first1=Jennifer|authorlink1=Jennifer Loewenstein|title=Heading Toward a Collision: Syria, Saudi Arabia and Regional Proxy Wars|url=http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/10/02/heading-toward-a-collision-syria-saudi-arabia-and-regional-proxy-wars/|work=[[CounterPunch]]|quote=Saudi Arabian and Iranian-backed factions are contributing to the proxy war in Syria...}}</ref> and [[Cold War II]]<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/13/world/middleeast/syria-russia-airstrikes.html?_r=1</ref>
| partof = the [[Arab Spring]], the [[Arab Winter]], the spillover of the [[Iraqi Civil War (2014–present)|Iraqi Civil War]], [[Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gerges|first1=Fawaz|authorlink1=Fawaz Gerges|title=Saudi Arabia and Iran must end their proxy war in Syria|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/15/saudia-arabia-iran-proxy-war-syria|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=15 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rogin|first1=Josh|title=Iran and Saudi Arabia Clash Inside Syria Talks|url=http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-11-04/iran-and-saudi-arabia-clash-inside-syria-talks|work=[[Bloomberg View]]|date=4 November 2015|quote=...Iran and Saudi Arabia to discuss anything civilly, much less come to an agreement on Syria, where both sides have proxy forces in the fight.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Loewenstein|first1=Jennifer|authorlink1=Jennifer Loewenstein|title=Heading Toward a Collision: Syria, Saudi Arabia and Regional Proxy Wars|url=http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/10/02/heading-toward-a-collision-syria-saudi-arabia-and-regional-proxy-wars/|work=[[CounterPunch]]|quote=Saudi Arabian and Iranian-backed factions are contributing to the proxy war in Syria...}}</ref> and [[Cold War II]]<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/13/world/middleeast/syria-russia-airstrikes.html?_r=1</ref>
| date = {{Start date |df= yes|2011|03|15}} – present<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=03| day1=15| year1 = 2011}})
| date = {{Start date |df= yes|2011|03|15}} – present<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=03| day1=15| year1 = 2011}})

Revision as of 20:51, 14 March 2016

Syrian Civil War
Part of the Arab Spring, the Arab Winter, the spillover of the Iraqi Civil War, Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict[16][17][18] and Cold War II[19]

Current military situation: Red: Syrian Government, Yellow: Syrian Democratic Forces (Rojava), Grey: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, White: al-Nusra Front, Green: Syrian Opposition
(for a more detailed map, see Cities and towns during the Syrian Civil War). Map above was last updated on April 9, 2019.
Date15 March 2011 (2011-03-15) – present
(13 years, 5 months, 3 weeks and 3 days)
Location
Syria (with spillovers in neighboring countries)
Status

Ongoing

  • Partial ceasefire in place since February 27, 2016[20]
Territorial
changes		 As of September 2015: the government held 25–30% of Syria[21][22] (66% of the population);[22] ISIL-held territory constituted 35–45% of Syria[23][22] (10–15% of the population);[24] 20% controlled by rebel groups (including the al-Nusra front);[23] 11.5–17% held by the Kurds[25][26]
Main belligerents
Opposition
(SNC)
  • FSA
  • Islamic Front
  • Fatah Halab[a]
Support:

Al-Qaeda

Allied groups

Support:
(SDF)

Allied groups:

Support:
 Russia[14][15]
Commanders and leaders

United States Army Sean MacFarland[34]
(Commander of CJTF-OIR)
Barack Obama
(President of the US)

United Kingdom David Cameron
(Prime Minister of the UK)
Strength

Syrian Armed Forces: 178,000[35]

General Security Directorate: 8,000[36]

National Defense Force: 80,000[37]

Hezbollah: 6,000–8,000[38][39]

Ba'ath Brigades: 7,000[40][41]

Russia: 4,000 troops[42] and 1,000 contractors[43]

Iran: 3,000–5,000[39][44]

Other allied groups: 15,500+[45][39][46]

FSA: 40,000–50,000[47]

Islamic Front: 40,000–70,000[48]

Fatah Halab:[a] ~25,000–32,000[49][50][51][52]

Other groups: 12,500[53]

al-Nusra: 13,000[54][55]

Allied groups: 8,500+		 31,500[56]–100,000[57]

YPG and YPJ: 57,000-60,000[58][59]

Syrian Arab Coalition: 4,000 (claimed)

Syriac Military Council: 2,000[60]

Army of Revolutionaries: 3,000[61]
Casualties and losses

Syrian Government:
55,042–90,042 soldiers killed[62][63]
37,966–51,966 militiamen killed[62][63]

6,000 soldiers and militiamen and 2,000 supporters captured[62]
Hezbollah:
1,025–1,300 killed[62][64]
Russia Russia:
4–5 killed[65] and 3–9 contractors[66][43] killed
Other non-Syrian fighters:
3,809 killed[62] (Iran 328 IRGC)[67]		 88,145–134,145 fighters killed[d][62][63]
979 protesters killed[68]
26,500 fighters and supporters captured or missing[62]		 ISIL:
8,143 killed (per SOHR)[69]
15,639+ killed (per SAA and YPG)[70][71][72]

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria Rojava:
1,636–1,805 killed[73]

CJTF–OIR:
1 killed[74]

79,106[62]–93,074[75] (2,996 foreign) civilian deaths documented by opposition
80 other foreign soldiers killed

Total killed:
250,000 (August 2015 UN estimate)[76]
271,138–366,138 (February 2016 SOHR estimate)[62]
470,000 (February 2016 SCPR estimate)[77]

34,500 captured or missing overall[62]

Over 7,600,000 internally displaced (July 2015 UNHCR estimate)

Over 4,000,000 refugees (July 2015 UNHCR estimate)[78][79][80]

a Fatah Halab (English: Aleppo Conquest) also includes groups from the FSA and IF.

b Turkey is part of the CJTF–OIR against ISIL, but does not support the SDF and is in a border conflict with it.[81][82]

c Some of the rebels that have been armed by the United States have given vehicles and ammunition to the al-Nusra Front.[83]

d Number includes Kurdish and ISIL fighters, whose deaths are also listed in their separate columns.[84][62][63]


References

  1. ^ "Report: Iran, North Korea Helping Syria Resume Building Missiles". Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  2. ^ Ryall, Julian (6 June 2013). "Syria: North Korean military 'advising Assad regime'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
  3. ^ "North Korea violating sanctions, according to UN report". The Telegraph. 3 July 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
  4. ^ a b c d Wladimir van Wilgenburg (12 June 2015). "The Rise of Jaysh al-Fateh in Northern Syria". Terrorism Monitor. Vol. XIII, no. 12. Jamestown Foundation. p. 3.
  5. ^ a b c d Gareth Porter (28 May 2015). "Gulf allies and 'Army of Conquest'". Al-Ahram Weekly.
  6. ^ "U.S. weapons reaching Syrian rebels". Washington Post. September 11, 2013.
  7. ^ "Hollande confirms French delivery of arms to Syrian rebels". 2014-08-21. Retrieved 2015-01-16.
  8. ^ "Jabhat al-Nusra, IS clash in Daraa". Al Monitor. 16 December 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
  9. ^ "Al-Nusra overtakes Hazm in Aleppo countryside". Al Monitor. 3 March 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  10. ^ "The Islamic State in Southern Syria" (PDF). Carter Center. 15 May 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  11. ^ Demir, Arzu (28 January 2015). "Preparations for international brigade in Rojava". Firat News Agency. Archived from the original on 2015-02-11. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  12. ^ "France Says Its Airstrikes Hit an ISIS Camp in Syria". The New York Times. 28 September 2015.
  13. ^ David Pugliese, Ottawa Citizen More David Pugliese, Ottawa Citizen. "Canadian special forces help fight off 'significant' ISIL attack in Iraq - Ottawa Citizen". Ottawa Citizen.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Wood, L. Todd (February 8, 2016). "Russia supporting Kurdish groups in Syria to Turkey's detriment". Washington Times.
  15. ^ "Activists and a rebel commander say Kurdish fighters have launched an attack in northern Syria under the cover of Russian airstrikes to try and capture a military air base held by insurgents". US News & World Report. February 10, 2016.
  16. ^ Gerges, Fawaz (15 December 2013). "Saudi Arabia and Iran must end their proxy war in Syria". The Guardian.
  17. ^ Rogin, Josh (4 November 2015). "Iran and Saudi Arabia Clash Inside Syria Talks". Bloomberg View. ...Iran and Saudi Arabia to discuss anything civilly, much less come to an agreement on Syria, where both sides have proxy forces in the fight.
  18. ^ Loewenstein, Jennifer. "Heading Toward a Collision: Syria, Saudi Arabia and Regional Proxy Wars". CounterPunch. Saudi Arabian and Iranian-backed factions are contributing to the proxy war in Syria...
  19. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/13/world/middleeast/syria-russia-airstrikes.html?_r=1
  20. ^ http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/28/guns-mostly-fall-silent-on-first-day-of-syrian-ceasefire
  21. ^ "These 5 Facts Explain Bashar Assad's Hold in Syria". Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  22. ^ a b c Marc Champion (14 September 2015). "To Imagine Syria at Peace, Think of Bosnia". BloombergView.com.
  23. ^ a b Why Syria is the Gordian knot of Obama’s anti-ISIL campaign
  24. ^ Arutz Sheva. "Syria Regime 'Ready to Accept De-Facto Partition'". Israel National News.
  25. ^ Syrian Kurds now say they now control territory the size of Qatar and Kuwait combined
  26. ^ How the Kurds Became Syria’s New Power Brokers
  27. ^ a b "Leading Syrian rebel groups form new Islamic Front". BBC. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  28. ^ "Russian raids kill prominent Syrian rebel commander". aljazeera.com.
  29. ^ Nic Robertson and Paul Cruickshank (5 March 2015). "Source: Syrian warplanes kill leaders of al-Nusra". CNN.
  30. ^ "U.S. Condemns Terrorist Attacks in Iraq and Pledges to Help Combat al Qaeda". United States Department of State. 10 August 2013.
  31. ^ Alessandria Masi (11 November 2014). "If ISIS Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Killed, Who Is Caliph Of The Islamic State Group?". International Business Times.
  32. ^ ISIS commander Shishani 'clinically dead' - monitor
  33. ^ Tarek Radwan. "Kurdish-Arab Rebel Alliance May be Key to Obama's Syrian Strategy". Atlantic Council.
  34. ^ MacFarland leads the coalition against ISIS accessdate=2015-10-30
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  36. ^ "Syria's diminished security forces". AFP. 28 August 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  37. ^ ISIS’ Iraq offensive could trigger Hezbollah to fill gap left in Syria The Daily Star, 16 June 2014
  38. ^ Senior Hezbollah commander killed in Aleppo
  39. ^ a b c "Iran 'Foreign Legion' Leads Battle in Syria's North". The Wall Street Journal. 17 February 2016.
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  41. ^ Aron Lund (13 January 2014). "The Baath Battalions Move Into Damascus". Carnegie Endowment.
  42. ^ "Russia's Syria force has reportedly grown to 4,000 people". Business Insider. 4 November 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  43. ^ a b Thomas Grove (18 December 2015). "Up to Nine Russian Contractors Die in Syria, Experts Say". WSJ.
  44. ^ Syria civil war: State-of-the-art technology gives President Assad’s army the edge
  45. ^ Syrian war widens Sunni-Shia schism as foreign jihadis join fight for shrines. Retrieved 5 June 2013
  46. ^ Albayrak, Aydin. "Mihraç Ural, a man with a long history of terrorism". Today's Zaman. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  47. ^ Cockburn, Patrick (11 December 2013). "West suspends aid for Islamist rebels in Syria, underlining their disillusionment with those forces opposed to President Bashar al-Assad". The Independent.
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  51. ^ "Al Qaida rebels leave mass grave behind as they desert base in Syria". McClatchy. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
  52. ^ "Syrian rebel group offers 2000 jihadists to fight Houthis in Yemen". ZAMAN ALWSL.
  53. ^ Who are these 70,000 Syrian fighters David Cameron is relying on? Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  54. ^ "Syria crisis: Spooked by rebel gains, Jordan doubles down on Islamic State". 4 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  55. ^ "Syria Direct: News Update 3-25-15". 4 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  56. ^ "Islamic State fighter estimate triples - CIA". BBC. 12 September 2014.
  57. ^ "War with Isis: Islamic militants have army of 200,000, claims senior Kurdish leader". The Independent. 18 November 2014.
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  59. ^ "Kurdish Women Turning Kobani into a Living 'Hell' for Islamic State".
  60. ^ "Die Barbaren wollen uns alle unterwerfen" (in German).
  61. ^ Mustafa, Hasan (16 November 2015). "An Analysis of Jaish al-Thuwar (the Army of Revolutionaries) – a Component of the Syrian Democratic Forces". Word Press. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
  62. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "More than 370000 people are thought to be killed since the rise of Syrian revolution". 23 February 2016.
  63. ^ a b c d "More than 110 dead, thousands of regime forces during the 41 months". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
  64. ^ Meet one of Hezbollah's teen fighters
  65. ^ Russian Military Officer Killed in Syria
    "Family confirms first Russian military fatality in Syria, disputes 'suicide' source". Reuters. 27 October 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  66. ^ "Three Russians killed in Syria: pro-government source". Yahoo News. 20 October 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
  67. ^ "Mapping the Deaths of Iranian Officers Across Syria". Retrieved 1 November 2015.
    "Iranian casualties in Syria : iranpolitics". Reddit.com. Retrieved 2016-01-04.
  68. ^ "Syria: Opposition, almost 11,500 civilians killed". Ansamed.ansa.it. 2010-01-03. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
  69. ^ "IS executes over 3,000 in Syria in year-long ´caliphate´". AFP. 28 June 2015.
  70. ^ YPG releases balance-sheet of 2014: Nearly 5,000 ISIS members killed
  71. ^ Balance of the War Against Hostile Groups in Rojava, Northern Syria: Year 2015
  72. ^ "Syrian Army Kills Nearly 5,000 IS Militants in Three Months: Source". sputniknews.com. 25 December 2014.
  73. ^ 15 killed (31 October 2012),[1] 25 killed (19 November 2012),[2] 379 killed (2013),[3] 537–706 killed (2014),[4][5][6] 680 killed (2015),[7] total of 1,636–1,805 reported killed
  74. ^ Jordan pilot murder: Islamic State deploys asymmetry of fear
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  76. ^ "Alarmed by Continuing Syria Crisis, Security Council Affirms Its Support for Special Envoy's Approach in Moving Political Solution Forward". UN. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
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  78. ^ "More than four million Syrian refugees in neighbouring countries, UN says". Telegraph.co.uk. 9 July 2015.
  79. ^ Tom Miles (9 July 2015). "Syria's neighbors now host four million of its refugees, U.N. says". Reuters.
  80. ^ "UNHCR: Syrian Refugees Cross Four Million Mark - Al Jazeera America". aljazeera.com.
  81. ^ Reuters Editorial (13 February 2016). "Turkish forces shell Syrian air base captured by Kurds". Reuters UK. Retrieved 14 February 2016. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  82. ^ Turkey shells Kurdish positions in Syria for 2nd day
  83. ^ US-trained rebels give equipment to al-Qaeda affiliate http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34368073
  84. ^ "More than 215,000 killed in Syria since 2011". 3news.co.nz.
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