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==Real-world timeline==
==Real-world timeline==
:''See also [[Jet injector#History]].''
:''See also [[Jet injector#History]].''
* 19th century: Workmen in France had accidental jet injections with high-powered [[grease gun (tool)|grease guns]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.healthfreelancing.com/samples/nopainIV.php |title=at |publisher=Healthfreelancing.com |date= |accessdate= 5 April 2011}}</ref>
* 19th century: Workmen in France had accidental jet injections with high-powered [[grease gun (tool)|grease guns]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.healthfreelancing.com/samples/nopainIV.php |title=at |publisher=Healthfreelancing.com |date= |accessdate=5 April 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100910122757/http://healthfreelancing.com/samples/nopainIV.php |archivedate=10 September 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* 1937 or earlier: Jet-injecting was known of as a type of workshop accident with [[diesel engine]]s' [[fuel injector]]s.
* 1937 or earlier: Jet-injecting was known of as a type of workshop accident with [[diesel engine]]s' [[fuel injector]]s.
* 23 November 1947: "The Comic Strip Killer" episode of the radio show ''[[The Shadow]]'' aired. In it, a hypospray is mentioned, as working "''on the basis of a high-pressure air gun. You hold it against the skin and it blasts fluid, painlessly, through the pores. The patient doesn't even feel the injection.''" The characters in the story were told that it was such a new device that the "first real publicity about it is in this week's ''[[Life Magazine]]''".
* 23 November 1947: "The Comic Strip Killer" episode of the radio show ''[[The Shadow]]'' aired. In it, a hypospray is mentioned, as working "''on the basis of a high-pressure air gun. You hold it against the skin and it blasts fluid, painlessly, through the pores. The patient doesn't even feel the injection.''" The characters in the story were told that it was such a new device that the "first real publicity about it is in this week's ''[[Life Magazine]]''".

Revision as of 10:49, 7 April 2017

Hypospray
Star Trek franchise element
First appearanceStar Trek: The Original Series
Created byGene Roddenberry
GenreScience fiction
In-universe information
TypeMedical tool
FunctionUsed to inject medication into a patient's body
AffiliationStarfleet

A hypospray is a fictional version of a jet injector. Sometimes it is used as a verb, "to hypospray", meaning "to use a hypospray on (someone/something)".

In The Man From U.N.C.L.E. Books

A hypospray is mentioned in The Dagger Affair by David McDaniel, #4 in the series of novels set in The Man From U.N.C.L.E. universe.[1] "Yes," said the disembodied voice, "the gas is generally preferable, but is often impractical, such as in the case of one subject in a crowd, as with Mr. Kuryakin. Under these circumstances, either slipping the drug into their cider, or in some situations injecting it with a hypospray..."

In the Star Trek scenario

In the Star Trek universe, the hypospray was developed by the mid-22nd century, as it is featured in Star Trek: Enterprise. Many people, such as Dr. Crusher in Star Trek: The Next Generation and The Doctor in Star Trek: Voyager, are seen to use it.

The real-life jet injector is usually applied at the top of the arm, but the fictional hypospray is sometimes applied on the neck. Presumably when used in the neck it delivers the medication intravenously or intra-arterially and when used on the arm it delivers intramuscularly. The hypospray can also be applied through clothing.

The hypospray is extremely versatile as the medicine vials can be quickly swapped out from the bottom of the hypospray. As the hypospray is bloodless, it is not contaminated by use. This allows it to be used on many people until the supply of medicine runs out.

The concept of the hypospray was developed when producers on the original Star Trek series discovered that NBC's broadcast standards and practices prohibited the use of hypodermic syringes to inject medications; the needleless hypospray sidestepped this issue.[2] The prop used in the original series appeared to be a modified fuel injector for a large automotive diesel engine.[citation needed]

Real-world timeline

See also Jet injector#History.
  • 19th century: Workmen in France had accidental jet injections with high-powered grease guns[3]
  • 1937 or earlier: Jet-injecting was known of as a type of workshop accident with diesel engines' fuel injectors.
  • 23 November 1947: "The Comic Strip Killer" episode of the radio show The Shadow aired. In it, a hypospray is mentioned, as working "on the basis of a high-pressure air gun. You hold it against the skin and it blasts fluid, painlessly, through the pores. The patient doesn't even feel the injection." The characters in the story were told that it was such a new device that the "first real publicity about it is in this week's Life Magazine".
  • 1956: Jack Vance's novel To Live Forever was published: in it, devices called hyposprays are used as drug injection devices.[4]
  • 1957: Isaac Asimov's novel The Naked Sun mentions a "high-pressure needle jet" as an alternative to hypodermic needles.
  • 1960: A real working medical jet-injector was first patented - MadaJet.
  • 1965: A "hypospray" was mentioned in The Dagger Affair[1]
  • 1966: Star Trek: The Original Series started airing, but real jet-injectors were not yet in common use.
  • 18 March 1967: The Mission: Impossible Season 1 Episode 24 ("The Train") aired, mentioning the hypospray. In it, Rollin Hand (Martin Landau) tells Dr. Selby (William Schallert) to "Get the hyposprays ready." The doctor mentions "the spray will go right through his clothing and penetrate the skin."
  • 2 February 2004: The television show Star Trek: Enterprise Episode 14 of Season 3 ("Stratagem") aired. It used an almost identical ploy[clarification needed] to trick the antagonist of the episode.

In the real world

For examples of a real jet injector being called a hypospray: see [5][6][7].

Scientists at MIT developed a needle-free injection system in 2012.[8]

High pressure air injectors have been used by the military as a common initial entry vaccination method since at least the mid 1980s. They need no sterilization between patients, speeding up mass injection of many individuals [citation needed]. They were linked to a bulk drug supply and a sterilized high pressure air supply (air compressor). Far from painless, they pushed in a portion of skin similar to the action of a needle, instead of the fiction of seeping slowly through the pores. Unlike a needle, the hole did not close itself, and usually left a small bleeding wound.

References

  1. ^ a b McDaniel, David (1965). The Dagger Affair. Ace Books. p. 24.
  2. ^ Whitfield, Stephen E.; Roddenberry, Gene (1991) [1969]. The Making of Star Trek. Titan Books. ISBN 1-85286-363-3.
  3. ^ "at". Healthfreelancing.com. Archived from the original on 10 September 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Vance, Jack (1956). To Live Forever. Ballantine Books.
  5. ^ Clarke AK, Woodland J (February 1975). "Comparison of two steroid preparations used to treat tennis elbow, using the hypospray". Rheumatol Rehabil. 14 (1): 47–9. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/14.1.47. PMID 1091959.
  6. ^ Hughes GR (June 1969). "The use of the hypospray in the treatment of minor orthopaedic conditions". Proc. R. Soc. Med. 62 (6): 577. PMC 1811070. PMID 5802730.
  7. ^ Baum J, Ziff M (March 1967). "Use of the hypospray jet injector for intra-articular injection". Ann. Rheum. Dis. 26 (2): 143–5. doi:10.1136/ard.26.2.143. PMC 1031030. PMID 6023696.
  8. ^ Burnham, Ted (25 May 2012). "MIT Builds A Needle-Free Drug Injector". NPR.

Journal articles

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