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* 16 wins – [[Cigar (horse)|Cigar]] (USA),<ref name="Huxley"/> [[Citation (horse)|Citation]] (USA),<ref>[http://colinsghost.org/2008/10/citations-16-1948.html Citation's 16, 1948]. Retrieved 2010-04-10.</ref> Hallowed Dreams (USA),<ref name="Huxley"/> [[Miss Woodford]]‡,<ref>[http://www.racingmuseum.org/hall-of-fame/horses-view.asp?varID=9 Racing Museum HoF]. Retrieved 2010-11-02.</ref> [[Mister Frisky]],<ref>[http://horseracing.about.com/library/weekly/aa071600a.htm Horse racing]. Retrieved 2010-09-02.</ref> [[Sweetmeat (horse)|Sweetmeat]] (GB),<ref>[http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/Sweetmeat.html Thoroughbred Heritage]. Retrieved 2011-07-12.</ref> [[The Bard (GB horse)|The Bard]]<ref>[http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/Petrarch.html Tb Heritage: Petrarch]. Retrieved 2010-11-02.</ref>
* 16 wins – [[Cigar (horse)|Cigar]] (USA),<ref name="Huxley"/> [[Citation (horse)|Citation]] (USA),<ref>[http://colinsghost.org/2008/10/citations-16-1948.html Citation's 16, 1948]. Retrieved 2010-04-10.</ref> Hallowed Dreams (USA),<ref name="Huxley"/> [[Miss Woodford]]‡,<ref>[http://www.racingmuseum.org/hall-of-fame/horses-view.asp?varID=9 Racing Museum HoF]. Retrieved 2010-11-02.</ref> [[Mister Frisky]],<ref>[http://horseracing.about.com/library/weekly/aa071600a.htm Horse racing]. Retrieved 2010-09-02.</ref> [[Sweetmeat (horse)|Sweetmeat]] (GB),<ref>[http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/Sweetmeat.html Thoroughbred Heritage]. Retrieved 2011-07-12.</ref> [[The Bard (GB horse)|The Bard]]<ref>[http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/Petrarch.html Tb Heritage: Petrarch]. Retrieved 2010-11-02.</ref>
* 15 wins - [[Bayardo (horse)|Bayardo]],<ref name="Ahnert" /> [[Bernborough]] (AUS),<ref name="Huxley"/> [[Boston (horse)|Boston]], [[Brigadier Gerard (horse)|Brigadier Gerard]], [[Buckpasser]](USA),<ref name="DRFChallenge">{{cite web|title=History Challenge: Tom Fool, Native Dancer made their marks in '53|url=http://www.drf.com/news/history-challenge-tom-fool-native-dancer-made-their-marks-53|website=Daily Racing Form|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> [[Carbine (horse)|Carbine]] (NZ), [[Gay James]] (AUS),<ref>{{cite web|title=Gay James|url=http://www.queenslandhistoryofracing.com.au/horses/gay-james/|website=www.queenslandhistoryofracing.com.au|accessdate=3 October 2016}}</ref> [[Man o' War (horse)|Man o' War]] (USA), [[Pretty Polly (horse)|Pretty Polly]]‡<ref>[http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/PrettyPolly.htm Tb Heritage: Pretty Polly]. Retrieved 2010-11-02.</ref> [[Vander Pool]] (USA)<ref>{{cite web|author=BRYAN FIELD.Times Wide World Photo.Times Wide World Photo. |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30C17F83C5F1B728DDDAF0A94DF405B818FF1D3 |title=New York Times – July 26, 1931 |publisher=Select.nytimes.com |date=1931-07-26 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref>
* 15 wins - [[Bayardo (horse)|Bayardo]],<ref name="Ahnert" /> [[Bernborough]] (AUS),<ref name="Huxley"/> [[Boston (horse)|Boston]], [[Brigadier Gerard (horse)|Brigadier Gerard]], [[Buckpasser]](USA),<ref name="DRFChallenge">{{cite web|title=History Challenge: Tom Fool, Native Dancer made their marks in '53|url=http://www.drf.com/news/history-challenge-tom-fool-native-dancer-made-their-marks-53|website=Daily Racing Form|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> [[Carbine (horse)|Carbine]] (NZ), [[Gay James]] (AUS),<ref>{{cite web|title=Gay James|url=http://www.queenslandhistoryofracing.com.au/horses/gay-james/|website=www.queenslandhistoryofracing.com.au|accessdate=3 October 2016}}</ref> [[Man o' War (horse)|Man o' War]] (USA), [[Pretty Polly (horse)|Pretty Polly]]‡<ref>[http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/PrettyPolly.htm Tb Heritage: Pretty Polly]. Retrieved 2010-11-02.</ref> [[Vander Pool]] (USA)<ref>{{cite web|author=BRYAN FIELD.Times Wide World Photo.Times Wide World Photo. |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30C17F83C5F1B728DDDAF0A94DF405B818FF1D3 |title=New York Times – July 26, 1931 |publisher=Select.nytimes.com |date=1931-07-26 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref>
* 14 [[Harry Bassett (horse)|Harry Bassett (USA)]],<ref>[http://www.racingmuseum.org/hall-of-fame/horses-view.asp?varID=690 Racing Museum HoF]. Retrieved 2010-11-09.</ref> [[Overdose (horse)|Overdose]],<ref name="sportgeza.hu">[http://sportgeza.hu/sport/2010/08/29/overdose_baden-baden/ Overdose is only seventh in Baden- Baden]. Retrieved 2010-08-30.</ref> [[Phar Lap]] (NZ), [[Springfield (horse)|Springfield]] (GB),<ref>[http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/Springfield.html Tb Heritage: Springfield]. Retrieved 2010-11-09.</ref> Stylish Lord (AUS),<ref name="Huxley"/> [[Douvan]],<ref name="Douvan">{{cite web|title=Douvan|url=http://www.racingpost.com/horses/horse_home.sd?horse_id=872784#topHorseTabs=horse_race_record&bottomHorseTabs=horse_form|website=Racing Post|accessdate=29 December 2016}}</ref>
* 14 [[Harry Bassett (horse)|Harry Bassett (USA)]],<ref>[http://www.racingmuseum.org/hall-of-fame/horses-view.asp?varID=690 Racing Museum HoF] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808201213/http://www.racingmuseum.org/hall-of-fame/horses-view.asp?varID=690 |date=8 August 2010 }}. Retrieved 2010-11-09.</ref> [[Overdose (horse)|Overdose]],<ref name="sportgeza.hu">[http://sportgeza.hu/sport/2010/08/29/overdose_baden-baden/ Overdose is only seventh in Baden- Baden]. Retrieved 2010-08-30.</ref> [[Phar Lap]] (NZ), [[Springfield (horse)|Springfield]] (GB),<ref>[http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/Springfield.html Tb Heritage: Springfield]. Retrieved 2010-11-09.</ref> Stylish Lord (AUS),<ref name="Huxley"/> [[Douvan]],<ref name="Douvan">{{cite web|title=Douvan|url=http://www.racingpost.com/horses/horse_home.sd?horse_id=872784#topHorseTabs=horse_race_record&bottomHorseTabs=horse_form|website=Racing Post|accessdate=29 December 2016}}</ref>
* 13 [[Camarine]], [[Bula (horse)|Bula]] (1965) (over hurdles),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.homebredracing.co.uk/famous-horses.php?CATEGORY=Famous |title=Famous horses |deadurl=no |accessdate=2013-08-30}}</ref> Limerick (NZ),<ref name="Pring">Pring, Peter; "Analysis of Champion Racehorses", The Thoroughbred Press, Sydney, 1977, ISBN 0-908133-00-6.</ref> [[Mollie McCarty]],<ref>[http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/MollieMcCarty.html Thoroughbred Heritage: Mollie McCarty]. Retrieved 2010-11-09.</ref> [[The Flying Dutchman (horse)|The Flying Dutchman]], [[Timoleon (horse)|Timoleon]]
* 13 [[Camarine]], [[Bula (horse)|Bula]] (1965) (over hurdles),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.homebredracing.co.uk/famous-horses.php?CATEGORY=Famous |title=Famous horses |deadurl=no |accessdate=2013-08-30}}</ref> Limerick (NZ),<ref name="Pring">Pring, Peter; "Analysis of Champion Racehorses", The Thoroughbred Press, Sydney, 1977, ISBN 0-908133-00-6.</ref> [[Mollie McCarty]],<ref>[http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/MollieMcCarty.html Thoroughbred Heritage: Mollie McCarty]. Retrieved 2010-11-09.</ref> [[The Flying Dutchman (horse)|The Flying Dutchman]], [[Timoleon (horse)|Timoleon]]
[[File:Norfolk (USA).jpg|thumb|220px|The undefeated Norfolk]]
[[File:Norfolk (USA).jpg|thumb|220px|The undefeated Norfolk]]
* 12 Harkaway (1834),<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=kE8QAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA126&lpg=RA1-PA126&dq=Harkaway+and+racehorse&source=bl&ots=bnwYCURzO8&sig=PwB8gLa5y5IidVMNoISoc6VWDyY&hl=en&ei=kQDNTKr_A5LsvQPK5ODhDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=harkaway&f=false The Sportsman, Volumes 4–5]. Retrieved 2010-11-01.</ref> [[Morvich]],<ref>[http://www.ultimatehorsesite.com/info/continuousraceswon.html Most Continuous Races Won]. Retrieved 2010-12-10.</ref> [[Tulloch (horse)|Tulloch]],<ref name="Pring"/> No Involvement,<ref>[http://www.justracing.com.au/index.php?news_page=140&artid=928&catid=52 Just Racing]. Retrieved 2010-10-24.</ref> [[Spectacular Bid]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Spectacular Bid - Profile|url=http://www.equibase.com/profiles/Results.cfm?type=Horse&refno=660541&registry=T&rbt=TB|website=www.equibase.com|accessdate=17 September 2016}}</ref> Super Easy (NZ)<ref>{{cite web|title=Super Easy - Profile|url=http://www.equibase.com/profiles/Results.cfm?type=Horse&refno=8679717&registry=T&rbt=TB|website=www.equibase.com|accessdate=17 September 2016}}</ref>
* 12 Harkaway (1834),<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=kE8QAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA126&lpg=RA1-PA126&dq=Harkaway+and+racehorse&source=bl&ots=bnwYCURzO8&sig=PwB8gLa5y5IidVMNoISoc6VWDyY&hl=en&ei=kQDNTKr_A5LsvQPK5ODhDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=harkaway&f=false The Sportsman, Volumes 4–5]. Retrieved 2010-11-01.</ref> [[Morvich]],<ref>[http://www.ultimatehorsesite.com/info/continuousraceswon.html Most Continuous Races Won]. Retrieved 2010-12-10.</ref> [[Tulloch (horse)|Tulloch]],<ref name="Pring"/> No Involvement,<ref>[http://www.justracing.com.au/index.php?news_page=140&artid=928&catid=52 Just Racing]. Retrieved 2010-10-24.</ref> [[Spectacular Bid]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Spectacular Bid - Profile|url=http://www.equibase.com/profiles/Results.cfm?type=Horse&refno=660541&registry=T&rbt=TB|website=www.equibase.com|accessdate=17 September 2016}}</ref> Super Easy (NZ)<ref>{{cite web|title=Super Easy - Profile|url=http://www.equibase.com/profiles/Results.cfm?type=Horse&refno=8679717&registry=T&rbt=TB|website=www.equibase.com|accessdate=17 September 2016}}</ref>
* 11 [[Eurythmic (horse)|Eurythmic]], [[Kingston Town]] (AUS), [[Native Dancer]],<ref name=DRFChallenge /> [[Nijinsky II|Nijinsky]], Somerset Fair,<ref name="Huxley"/> [[Songbird (horse)|Songbird]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Songbird Profile|url=http://www.equibase.com/profiles/Results.cfm?type=Horse&refno=9511159&registry=T&rbt=TB|website=www.equibase.com|accessdate=8 November 2016}}</ref> [[Altior]]
* 11 [[Eurythmic (horse)|Eurythmic]], [[Kingston Town]] (AUS), [[Native Dancer]],<ref name=DRFChallenge /> [[Nijinsky II|Nijinsky]], Somerset Fair,<ref name="Huxley"/> [[Songbird (horse)|Songbird]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Songbird Profile|url=http://www.equibase.com/profiles/Results.cfm?type=Horse&refno=9511159&registry=T&rbt=TB|website=www.equibase.com|accessdate=8 November 2016}}</ref> [[Altior]]
* 10 [[Annie Power]] (IRE), [[Better Than Ever]] (AUS),<ref>[http://www.racehorsesales.com.au/news.php?ARTICLEID=248 Racehorse Sales]. Retrieved 2011-02-24.</ref> Co Tack,<ref>[http://www.hkjc.com/english/racing/OtherHorse.asp?HorseNo=AS121&search=1 Co-Tack Horse racord] Hong Kong Jockey Club</ref> [[Kindergarten (horse)|Kindergarten]] (NZ), [[Lost in the Fog]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Lost in the Fog profile|url=http://www.equibase.com/profiles/Results.cfm?type=Horse&refno=6450160&registry=T&rbt=TB|website=www.equibase.com|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> Piko,<ref name="Huxley"/> Quijano (GER),<ref>[http://www.racingpost.com/horses/horse_home.sd?horse_id=661610 Racing Post: Quijano (GER)]. Retrieved 2011-01-01.</ref> [[Ruffian (horse)|Ruffian]] (USA), Surround‡,<ref name="Barrie" /> [[Tom Fool]],<ref name=DRFChallenge /> [[Sprinter Sacre]], Native Dancer, [[Awesome Feather]], [[Mac Diarmida|Mac Diarmada]], [[Solow (horse)|Solow]] (GB), [[Star Guitar (horse)|Star Guitar]] (USA)
* 10 [[Annie Power]] (IRE), [[Better Than Ever]] (AUS),<ref>[http://www.racehorsesales.com.au/news.php?ARTICLEID=248 Racehorse Sales] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706111153/http://www.racehorsesales.com.au/news.php?ARTICLEID=248 |date=6 July 2011 }}. Retrieved 2011-02-24.</ref> Co Tack,<ref>[http://www.hkjc.com/english/racing/OtherHorse.asp?HorseNo=AS121&search=1 Co-Tack Horse racord] Hong Kong Jockey Club</ref> [[Kindergarten (horse)|Kindergarten]] (NZ), [[Lost in the Fog]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Lost in the Fog profile|url=http://www.equibase.com/profiles/Results.cfm?type=Horse&refno=6450160&registry=T&rbt=TB|website=www.equibase.com|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> Piko,<ref name="Huxley"/> Quijano (GER),<ref>[http://www.racingpost.com/horses/horse_home.sd?horse_id=661610 Racing Post: Quijano (GER)]. Retrieved 2011-01-01.</ref> [[Ruffian (horse)|Ruffian]] (USA), Surround‡,<ref name="Barrie" /> [[Tom Fool]],<ref name=DRFChallenge /> [[Sprinter Sacre]], Native Dancer, [[Awesome Feather]], [[Mac Diarmida|Mac Diarmada]], [[Solow (horse)|Solow]] (GB), [[Star Guitar (horse)|Star Guitar]] (USA)


Timoleon (1813) won 13 consecutive races and sired [[National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame]] horse [[Boston (horse)|Boston]] (1833), who started in about 45 races, winning 40, including 15 in succession. Boston then sired [[Lexington (horse)|Lexington]], who had 7 starts for 6 wins and a place. Lexington in turn sired [[Kentucky (horse)|Kentucky]] (23 starts, 21 wins), plus the undefeated [[Asteroid (horse)|Asteroid]] and Norfolk.
Timoleon (1813) won 13 consecutive races and sired [[National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame]] horse [[Boston (horse)|Boston]] (1833), who started in about 45 races, winning 40, including 15 in succession. Boston then sired [[Lexington (horse)|Lexington]], who had 7 starts for 6 wins and a place. Lexington in turn sired [[Kentucky (horse)|Kentucky]] (23 starts, 21 wins), plus the undefeated [[Asteroid (horse)|Asteroid]] and Norfolk.

Revision as of 01:05, 22 May 2017

Kincsem, Ch.m. 1874, undefeated winner in 54 starts in five countries
Cobweb was an undefeated winner of the 1,000 Guineas and Epsom Oaks.
Undefeated: Goldfinder, b.c. 1764 (Snap – mare, by Blank)

The list of leading Thoroughbred racehorses contains the names of undefeated racehorses and other horses which had an outstanding race record in specific categories. Note though that many champions do not appear on the list as an unexpected defeat may be caused by many factors such as injury, illness, going, racing tactics and differences in weight carried, the latter being particularly significant in North America and Australia where handicaps are common even at the highest level of racing.

A good, consistent racehorse requires ability to defeat its rivals, especially speed and stamina in varying degrees depending on the type of race. It is common to compare racehorses on multiple factors such as their overall race record, the quality of the horses they beat and the brilliance of their wins. Winning all three at the Triple Crown races is a rare achievement and is considered one of the greatest accomplishments for a Thoroughbred racehorse. Comparison of raw times is generally unreliable between horses of different eras or even in different countries. Time variations may occur as a result of racing surface, track conditions, the pace at which the race is run, etc. Timeform ratings, introduced in 1948,[1] and Beyer Speed Figures, introduced in the United States in 1992, are relatively recent attempts to compensate for such variables.[2] Thoroughbred Winning Brew holds the Guinness world record for the fastest speed for a racehorse, at 70.76 km/h (43.97 mph) over two furlongs,[3] although Quarter Horses attain higher speeds over shorter distances than Thoroughbreds.[4] Looking at average speeds for longer distances may be misleading as many races are run with a slow initial pace followed by a sprint in the stretch drive.

The two main forms of Thoroughbred horseracing are flat racing and hurdle or steeplechase (jumping) races over obstacles. Jumpers tend to be older than their flat racing counterparts[5] and can have much longer careers, making it possible to earn a large number of wins. For example, champion hurdler Hurricane Fly holds a world record for winning 22 Grade One races over his ten-year career.[6] Most race horses and race winners are male horses. While male and female horses do not exhibit sexual dimorphism as obviously as human athletes, winning male horses have greater economic potential and are considered more aggressive racers . However, one of the most winning racehorses of all time is Black Caviar, a female racehorse. [7]

Undefeated horses

Below is a list of Thoroughbred racehorses with an undefeated race record. The list is not comprehensive for horses with less than five starts.

Wins
 Horse
 Bred
 Details
 Foaled
 Pedigree and notes
54 Kincsem Hungary ch m 1874 Cambuscan (GB) x Water Nymph by Cotswold[8]
25 Black Caviar Australia br m 2006 Bel Esprit x Helsinge by Desert Sun (GB)[9]
19 Peppers Pride United States B.f. 2003 Desert God x Lady Pepper by Chili Pepper Pie[10]
18 Eclipse Great Britain Ch.c. 1764 Marske x Spilletta by Regulus[11][12][13]
18 Karayel Turkey B.h. 1970 Prince Tudor (GB) x Linda (TUR) by Cihangir (GB). Triple Crown winner.[14]
16 Ormonde Great Britain B.c. 1883 Bend Or x Lily Agnes by Macaroni. Triple Crown winner.[15][16]
16 Prestige France b c 1903 Le Pompon x Orgueilleuse by Révérand[17]
16 Ribot Great Britain B.c. 1952 Tenerani (ITY) x Romanella (ITY) by El Greco[18]
15 Colin United States Br.c. 1905 Commando x Pastorella (GB) by Springfield[19]
15 Macon Argentina c. 1922 Sandal (GB) x Bourgogne by Your Majesty[20]
14 Frankel Great Britain B.c. 2008 Galileo x Kind by Danehill[21]
14 Highflyer Great Britain B.c. 1774 Herod x Rachel by Blank[22]
14 Nearco Italy Br.c. 1935 Pharos (GB) x Nogara by Havresac II(FR)
13 Barcaldine Great Britain B.c. 1878 Solon x Ballyroe by Belladrum
13 Personal Ensign United States  B.f. 1984 Private Account x Grecian Banner by Hoist The Flag[23]
13 Tremont United States B.c. 1884 Virgil x Ann Fief by Alarm
12 Asteroid United States B.c. 1861 Lexington x Nebula by Glencoe (GB)[24]
12 Braque Italy B.h. 1954 Antonio Canale x Buonamica by Niccolò dell'Arca[25]
12 Crucifix Great Britain B.f. 1837 Priam x Octaviana by Octavian[26]
11 Goldfinder Great Britain B.c. 1764 Snap x mare by Blank[27]
11 Kurifuji (Toshifuji) Japan Ch.f. 1940 Tournesol (GB) x Kenfuji by Chapel Brampton (GB)
10 Nereide Germany B.f. 1933 Laland x Nella da Gabbio (ITY) by Grand Parade (GB)[28]
10 Tokino Minoru Japan B.c. 1948 Theft (IRE) x Daini Tyrant's Queen (GB) by Soldennis[29]
9 Bahram Great Britain B.c. 1932 Blandford x Friar's Daughter by Friar Marcus
9 Combat Great Britain Br.c. 1944 Big Game x Commotion by Mieuxce (FR)[30]
9 Grand Flaneur Australia B.c. 1877 Yattendon x First Lady (GB) by St. Albans[31]
9 Handsomchamp USA Gr./R h. 2002 Fabulous Champ x Holly D by Hey Rob[32]
9 Patience Hungary Ch.f. 1902 Bona Vista x (GB) Podagra (GB) by Galopin[29][30]
9 Regulus Great Britain B.c. 1739 Godolphin Arabian x Grey Robinson by Bald Galloway[33]
9 St. Simon Great Britain B.c. 1881 Galopin x St. Angela by King Tom[34]
8 La Cressonniere* France b.f. 2013 Le Havre x Absolute Lady by Galileo[35]
8 Alipes Great Britain Br. or b. f. 1757 Regulus x Lusty by Locust[36]
8 American Eclipse United States Ch.c. 1814 Duroc x Miller's Damsel by Messenger[37]
8 Caracalla France B.c 1942 Tourbillon x Astronomie by Asterus[29]
8 Maruzensky Japan b. c. 1974 Nijinsky II x Shill by Buckpasser
8 Sweetbriar Great Britain Ch. c 1769 Syphon x mare (1763), by Shakespeare[38]
8 Tiffin Great Britain b. f. 1926 Tetratema x Dawn-wind, by Sunstar
7 El Rio Rey United States B.h. 1887 Norfolk x Marian by Malcolm[39]
7 Kitano Dai O Japan Ch.c. 1965 Die Hard x Kitano Hikari by Tosa Midori
7 Malt Queen Australia Br.f. 1905 Maltster x Her Majesty by Sunrise[40]
7 Mannamead Great Britain h. 1929 Manna x Pinprick by Torpoint[40]
7 Perdita II Great Britain B.m. 1881 Hampton x Hermione by Young Melbourne[30]
7 The Tetrarch Ireland Gr.c. 1911 Roi Herode (FR) x Vahren by Bona Vista[30]
7 Zarkava Ireland B.f. 2005 Zamindar (USA) x Zarkasha by Kahyasi[41]
6 Bay Middleton Great Britain B.c. 1833 Sultan x Cobweb by Phantom
6 Bustin Stones United States Ch.h. 2004 City Zip x Shesasurething by Prospectors Gamble[42]
6 Candy Ride Argentina B.c. 1999 Ride The Rails (USA) x Candy Girl by Candy Stripes (USA)
6 Cavaliere d’Arpino Italy B.c. 1926 Havresac II (FR) x Chuette (GB) by Cicero[29]
6 Claude Italy B.h. 1964 Hornbeam (GB) x Aigue-Vive (FR) by Vatellor[43]
6 Flying Childers Great Britain B.c. 1714 Darley Arabian x Betty Leedes by Wharton's Careless[44]
6 Hurry On Great Britain Ch.c. 1913 Marcovil x Tout Suite by Sainfoin[29]
6 Sircat Sally* United States B,f 2014 Surf Cat x sister sally
6 Quintessence Great Britain B.f. 1900 St. Frusquin x Margarine by Petrarch
6 Tolgus Great Britain B.h. 1923 Stefan the Great x Rosa Croft by Lemberg[45]
5 Ajax France B.h. 1901 Flying Fox x Amie by Clamart
5 Dice United States B.h. 1925 Dominant x Frumpery by Chicle[46]
5 Emerson Brazil B.c. 1958 Coaraze (FR) x Empenosa by Full Sail (GB)[29][47]
5 Husson Argentina Ch.h. 2003 Hussonet (USA) ex Villa Elisa (CHI) by Roy[48]
5 Kneller Great Britain Ch.c. 1985 Lomond x Fruition by Rheingold[49]
5 Landaluce United States B/br.f. 1980 Seattle Slew x Strip Poker by Bold Bidder
5 Landgraf Germany B.c. 1914 Louviers (GB) x Ladora (GB) by Ladas[29]
5 Melair United States Gr.f. 1983 Debonair Roger x Melrose Nugget by Viking Spirit[50]
5 Norfolk United States B.c. 1861 Lexington x Novice by Glencoe (GB)[24]
5 Precocious Great Britain B.c. 1981 Mummy's Pet x Mrs Moss by Reform[49]
5 Reset Australia B.h. 2000 Zabeel x Assertive Lass by Zeditave
5 Fasliyev Ireland B.h. 1997 Nureyev x Mr P's Princess by Mr. Prospector[51]
5 Teofilo Ireland B.h. 2004 Galileo x Speirbhean by Danehill[52]
5 Queen's Logic Ireland Ch. f. 1999 Grand Lodge x Lagrion by Diesis[53]
4 Agnes Tachyon Japan ch.h. 1998 Sunday Silence x Agnes Flora by Royal Ski. Won Satsuki Sho.[54]
4 Blood Royal Ireland B.c. 1971 Ribot x Natashka by Dedicate[49]
4 Catchascatchcan Great Britain B.f. 1995 Pursuit of Love x Catawba by Mill Reef. Yorkshire Oaks.
4 Fuji Kiseki Japan blk.h 1992 Sunday Silence x Millracer by Le Fabuleux. Champion two-year-old.[55]
4 Golden Fleece United States B.c. 1979 Nijinsky II (CAN) x Exotic Treat by Vaguely Noble. Won Epsom Derby.[56]
4 Lammtarra United States Ch.c. 1992 Nijinsky II (CAN) x Snow Bride by Blushing Groom. Three Group 1 victories.[57]
4 Madelia France Ch.m. 1974 Caro x Moonmadness by Tom Fool[58]
4 Raise a Native United States Ch.c. 1961 Native Dancer x Raise You by Case Ace.[59] Champion two-year-old colt.
4 Snap Great Britain Blk.c. 1750 Snip x Sister to Slipby by Fox. Noted sire.[60]
4 Vindication United States B.h. 2000 Seattle Slew x Strawberry Reason by Strawberry Road.[61] Breeders' Cup Juvenile.
4 White Moonstone Great Britain B.f. 2008 Dynaformer x Desert Gold by Seeking the Gold[62]
4 Drone United States Gr.c. 1966 Sir Gaylord x Cap and Bells by Tom Fool
3 Blue Train Great Britain Ch.c. 1944 Blue Peter x Sun Chariot (IRE) by Hyperion[49]
3 Boniform New Zealand B.h. 1904 Multiform x Otterden (GB) by Sheen[63]
3 Cobweb Great Britain B.f. 1821 Phantom x Filagree by Soothsayer. Winner of 1000 Guineas and Oaks.
3 Danzig United States B.c. 1977 Northern Dancer (CAN) x Pas De Nom by Admirals Voyage[64]
3 Kantharos United States Ch.c. 2008 Lion Heart x Contessa Halo by Southern Halo.[65] Two graded stakes.
3 Footstepsinthesand Ireland B.c. 2002 Giant's Causeway x Glatisant by Rainbow Quest. Won 2000 Guineas.[66]
3 Pharis France Bl.c. 1936 Pharos (GB) x Carissima by Clarissimus.[29] Noted sire.
3 Pronto Argentina B.c. 1958 Timor x Prosperina by Gusty[29]
3 Valyra Great Britain B.f. 2008 Azamour x Valima by Linamix[67]

Federico Tesio bred several undefeated champions including Nearco, Ribot, Braque, and Cavaliere d’Arpino, whom he considered the best horse that he ever bred.[68]

Cherimoya, 1908, won the Epsom Oaks at her only start.

Horses without five known starts

Nordlicht (chestnut horse 1941–1968, by Oleander x Nereide, by Laland) was also undefeated after an unknown number of starts. His victories included the Deutsches Derby and Austrian Derby.[69] Middleton and Amato had one start each with both of them winning the Epsom Derby and then retiring. Cherimoya did likewise when she won the Epsom Oaks in her only start. Morston (colt by Ragusa x Windmill Girl by Hornbeam) had two starts, winning both, the second of which was the 1973 Epsom Derby. Sailor won both his races, including the 1820 Epsom Derby. Suspender had three starts, in smaller races, for three wins.[70] Don Juan by Loyalist, Ball's Florizel (1801), Mirza by the Godolphin Arabian, and Lecturer (1869), were also unbeaten, but the number of their wins is unknown.[71]

Most wins

Kingston, winner of 89 races

Kingston (by Spendthrift) had 138 starts and won 89 of these, including 30 stakes-races. According to the American Horse Racing Hall of Fame, the 89 wins is the all-time record.[72] Commencing a winning sequence as a four-year-old on 21 August 1888, Kingston had 35 race starts until 30 May 1891 during which he was defeated only twice. Bankrupt won 86 races from 348 starts, and he was also by Spendthrift.[73]

Catherina (1830, by Whisker) started in 171 races and won 75 of them, many over long distances, including the Manchester Cup and Heaton Park's King's Cup.[74] Pan Zareta started 151 times with 76 wins.

Successive victories

Camarero after 56 consecutive race wins

The horses who were defeated but had ten or more consecutive race wins include:

The undefeated Norfolk

Timoleon (1813) won 13 consecutive races and sired National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame horse Boston (1833), who started in about 45 races, winning 40, including 15 in succession. Boston then sired Lexington, who had 7 starts for 6 wins and a place. Lexington in turn sired Kentucky (23 starts, 21 wins), plus the undefeated Asteroid and Norfolk.

Horses with long sequences of jumping victories include Sir Ken, who won 16 hurdle races in England; and Poethlyn, who won 11 steeplechases in succession, including two Grand National races.[119]

Most wins in one season

Citation won 19 races at three, including the Triple Crown

Most group / grade one (G1) wins

Hurricane Fly being walked by his handlers before a race
Beholder overtook Songbird in the Distaff for her eleventh Grade I win
Sceptre by Emil Adam
Black Caviar before the Diamond Jubilee Stakes

To identify the highest quality races, the pattern race system was introduced in Europe in 1971, followed by the graded stakes system in North America in 1974.[126] Other countries followed suit, though the criteria and quality has not always been consistent between racing jurisdictions. The following list considers horses that won grade one / group one races that were open for International competition. Winners of local (restricted) group / grade one wins are not included.

The horses with ten or more such G1 race wins are:

‡ Mare

In 1902 Sceptre became the only racehorse to win four British Classic Races outright. Previously, in 1868, Formosa won the same four races but dead-heated in the 2,000 Guineas Stakes.[148]

Successive group / grade one (G1) wins

Successive Stakes wins

Once-defeated horses

Horses such as Wheel of Fortune, Barbaro, Ruffian and Vanity (1812) sustained injury or broke down in their only defeat.

Below is a list of Thoroughbred racehorses who were defeated once.

Wins
 Horse
 Origin
 Details
 History
 Race defeated
22:21–1–0 Native Dancer United States Gr.h. 1950 Polynesian x Geisha by Discovery Kentucky Derby 2nd
21:20–1–0 Man o' War United States Ch.h. 1917 Fair Play x Mahubah by Rock Sand Sanford Stakes 2nd
20:19–1–0 Zenyatta United States B/br.f. 2004 Street Cry x Vertigineux by Kris S. 2010 Breeders' Cup Classic 2nd
19:18–0–0 Hambletonian Great Britain B.h. 1792 King Fergus x Grey Highflyer by Highflyer[150]
19:18–0–0 Squanderer India B.c. 1973 Valoroso (GB) x Milky Way (IND), by Scamperdale (GB)[86]
18:17–1–0 Botafogo Argentina 1914 Old Man x Korea (GB) by Raeburn[29]
18:17–1–0 Brigadier Gerard Great Britain 1968 Queen's Hussar x La Paiva by Prince Chevalier 1972 Benson & Hedges Gold Cup 2nd
18:17–0–0 Gradisco Venezuela 1960 Show Ring x Gradara by Orsenigo
16:15–1–0 The Flying Dutchman Great Britain 1846 Bay Middleton x Barbelle by Sandbeck 1850 Doncaster Cup 2nd
15:14–0–1 Sysonby United States 1902 Melton x Optime by Orme Sheepshead Bay Futurity 3rd
14:13–1–0 Camarine Great Britain 1828 Juniper x Rubens mare by Rubens Maiden race 2nd
13:12–0–1 Faugheen* Ireland B.g. 2008 Germany x Miss Pickering by Accordion 2015 Morgiana Hurdle 2nd
12-11-1-0 Leonatus United States 1880 Longfellow x Leamington
12:11-1-0 Songbird* United States 2013 Medaglia d'Oro x Cappucino Bay 2016 Breeders cup Distaff 2nd
12:11–0–0 Alba Germany 1927 Wallenstein x Arabis by Ard Patrick[29]
12:11–0–0 Invasor Argentina B.h 2002 Candy Stripes x Quendom by Interprete 2005 UAE Derby 4th
12:11–1–0 Isinglass Great Britain 1890 Isonomy x Deadlock by Wenlock Lancashire Plate 2nd
11:10–1–0 Queen of Trumps Great Britain br. f. 1832 Velocipede x Princess Royal by Castrel 1835 Scarborough Stakes (attacked by dog)
11:10–0–1 Wheel of Fortune Great Britain f. 1869 Adventurer x Queen Berths by Kingston 1879 Great Yorkshire Stakes
11:10–0–1 Galopin Great Britain 1872 Vedette x Flying Duchess by The Flying Dutchman 1874 Middle Park Plate 3rd
11:10–1–0 Imi Hungary 1953 Internezzo x Minci by Mannamead[29]
11:10–0–0 Ruffian United States f. 1972 Reviewer x Shenanigans by Native Dancer Match race against Foolish Pleasure DNF
11:10-1-0 Atlantic Jewel Australia b. f. 2008 Fastnet Rock x Regard by Zabeel 2013 Underwood Stakes
11:10-0-0 Awesome Feather United States 2008
10:9–1–0 Don John Great Britain 1835 Waverley x Comus mare by Comus 1839 Port Stakes 2nd
10:9–1–0 Alleged United States 1974 Hoist the Flag x Princess Pout by Prince John 1977 St. Leger Stakes 2nd
10:9–0–0 Dubai Millennium Great Britain 1996 Seeking The Gold x Colorado Dancer by Shareef Dancer 1999 Epsom Derby 7th
10:9–1–0 Forli Argentina 1963 Aristophanes (GB) x Trevisa by Advocate (GB)[151]
10:9–1–0 West Australian Great Britain 1850 Melbourne x Mowerina by Touchstone. Triple Crown winner.[152]
10:9–1–0 Majestic Prince United States 1966 Raise a Native x Gay Hostess by Royal Charger 1969 Belmont Stakes 2nd
10:9–1–0 Divine Proportions United States 2002 Kingmambo x Myth to Reality by Sadler's Wells 2005 Prix Jacques Le Marois 2nd
10:9–1–0 Horse Chestnut South Africa 1995 Fort Wood x London Wall by Col Pickering
10:9–1–0 Phone Trick United States 1982 Clever Trick x Over the Phone by Finnegan
10:9-0-0 Stopshoppingdebbie United States 2010 Curlin X taste the passion 2014 L.A Woman 5th
9:8–1–0 Dante Great Britain 1942 Nearco x Rosy Legend by Dark Legend[29] 1945 2000 Guineas Stakes, 2nd
9:8–1–0 Donatello II France[153] 1934 Blenheim (GB) x Delleana (ITY) by Clarissimus (GB)[29]
9-8-1-0 King Glorious United States 1986 Naevus x Glorious Natalie 1989 Gold rush 2nd
9:8–1–0[29] Herold Germany[153] 1917 Dark Ronald x Hornisse by Ard Patrick
9:8–1–0[29] Mistress Ford France 1933 Blandford (IRE) x Polly Flinders II by Teddy
9:8–0–0 Sea the Stars Ireland 2006 Cape Cross x Urban Sea by Miswaki Maiden race
9:8–1–0[29] Sicambre France 1948 Prince Bio x Sif by Rialto 1950 Prix Morny, 2nd
9:8–1–0 Smarty Jones United States 2001 Elusive Quality x I'll Get Along by Smile 2004 Belmont Stakes, 2nd
9:8–0–1[29] Sun Chariot Ireland 1939 Hyperion x Clarence by Diligence
9:8–1–0 Horometer Canada 1931 Hourless x Star Pal by North Star
9:8–1–0 Dalakhani Ireland 2000 Darshaan x Daltawa by Miswaki 2003 Irish Derby, 2nd
8:7–1–0 Kingman United Kingdom 2011 Invincible Spirit x Zenda by Zamindar 2014 2000 Guineas Stakes, 2nd
8:7–1–0 Graustark United States 1963 Ribot x Flower Bowl by Alibhai[29] 1966 Blue Grass Stakes, 2nd
8:7–0–1 Arrogate[154] United States 2013 Unbridled's Song x Bubbler by Distorted Humor maiden race, 3rd
8:7–0–0 Big Brown United States B.h. 2005 Boundary x Mien by Nureyev 2008 Belmont Stakes DNF
8:7–0–0 King Kamehameha Japan B.h. 2001 Kingmambo x Manfath by Last Tycoon 2004 Keisei Hai
8:7–0–0 Reel United States Gr.m. 1838 Glencoe (GB) x Gallopade by Catton[155]
8:7–0–0 Shakespeare United States B.h. 2001 Theatrical x Lady Shirl by That's a Nice 2005 Breeders' Cup Turf
8:7–1–0 Sea Bird France 1962 Dan Cupid x Sicalade by Sicalade 1964 Grand Critérium, 2nd
8:7–1–0 Macaroni United Kingdom 1860 Sweetmeat x Jocose debut race at 1862
8:7–1–0 El Gran Senor United States 1981 Northern Dancer x Sex Appeal by Buckpasser 1984 Epsom Derby, 2nd
8:7–1–0 Sinndar Ireland 1997 Grand Lodge x Sinntara x Lashkari 2000 Ballysax Stakes, 2nd
8:7–0–1 Grand Parade Ireland blk.c. 1916 Orby x Grand Geraldine by Desmond
8:7-0-0 Rock fall United States 2011 Speightstown x renda by Medaglia d'Oro 8th in debut race
7:6–1–0 St Patrick Great Britain 1817 Walton x Dick Andrews mare by Dick Andrews
7:6–0–0 Barbaro United States 2003 Dynaformer x La Ville Rouge by Carson City[29] 2006 Preakness Stakes DNF
7:6–1–0 Lexington United States 1850 Boston x Alice Carneal by Sarpedon (GB)[29]
7:6–1–0 Partner Great Britain 1718 Jigg x Sister to Mixbury, by Curwen's Bay Barb[156]
7:6–0–0 Val d'Or France 1902 Flying Fox x Wandora by Bruce
6:5-0-1 Graydar United States 2009 Unbridled's Song x Sweetest Smile by Dehere 3rd allowance
6:5–1–0 Hoist the Flag United States 1968 Tom Rolfe x Wavy Navy by War Admiral
6:5–1–0 Kingston Treasure Hong Kong 1995 Spectacular Love x Attempting by Try My Best
6:5–1–0 Majesticperfection United States 2006 Harlan's Holiday x Act So Noble by Wavering Monarch
6:5–1–0 Meld Great Britain f. 1952 Alycidon x Daily Double by Fair Trial
6:5–1–0 Sebring Australia Ch.c. 2005 More Than Ready x Pure Speed by Flying Spur[157]
6:5–1–0 Voltaire Great Britain 1826 Blacklock x mare by Phantom
6:5–0–0 Zilzal United States Ch.c 1986 Nureyev x French Charmer by Le Fabuleux 1989 Breeders' Cup Mile, 6th
5-4-0-0 Woodwin W United States 2012 More Than Ready x Josette 2015 Penn Mile 10th
5:4–1–0 Bletchingly Australia Br.h. 1970 Biscay x Coogee (GB) by Relic (USA)
5:4–1–0 Riddlesworth Great Britain 1828 Emilius x Fillagree by Soothsayer
4-3-0-0 Smooth Roller United States 2011 Hard Spun x Catch the Moment 4th in the Harry F Brubaker
4:3–1–0[29] Blandford Ireland 1919 Swynford x Blanche by White Eagle
4-3-0-0 Buddha United States 1999 Unbridled's Song x Cahooters 10th debut race
4:3–0–0 Wild Dayrell Great Britain Br.h. 1852 Ion x Ellen Middleton by Cain. Won Epsom Derby.
3:2–0–1 Bois Roussel Great Britain Br.h. 1935 Vatout x Plucky Liege by Spearmint. Won Epsom Derby.[158] 3rd Grand Prix de Paris
3-2-0-1 New Years Day United States Br.h 2011 Street Cry x Justwhisledixie 3rd debut race
3:2–0–0 Nureyev United States 1977 Northern Dancer x Special by Forli 2,000 Guineas Stakes DSQ (finished 1st)
3:2–0–0 Wilkes France 1952 Court Martial x Sans Tares (GB) by Sind[159]

* Still active

$10 million prizewinning horses

Orfevre swoops on by to win the 72nd Kikuka Sho.
Deep Impact

The following horses have earned over $10 million dollars in prize money. Most of them raced in Japan, Hong Kong, Australia and/or Dubai where purses are generally higher than in the United States or Europe[160] Where applicable, the conversion to US$ was made at the time the horse raced so does not reflect current exchange rates.

Most of the above horses belong to the Nearco sireline, mostly through the branches established by Sunday Silence and Northern Dancer. However, Curlin and Arrogate descend instead from Native Dancer. Both Nearco and Native Dancer were grandsons of Phalaris.[158]

In 1951, Citation became the first horse to win one million dollars. In 1979, Affirmed became the first horse to break the two million dollar barrier,[167] finishing his career with earnings of $2.3 million. Spectacular Bid broke this record in 1980, amassing career earnings of $2.8 million.[168] Purses began to increase sharply soon afterwards thanks in large part to the Breeders' Cup. The next record holders were John Henry, who earned $6.6 million by the end of his career in 1984 and Alysheba, with earnings of $6.7 million by the end of his career in 1988. Cigar was the next to hold the North American earnings title, finishing his career in 1998 with earnings just shy of $10 million ($9,999,815). That remained the North American record until Curlin in 2008, who earned $10.5 million.[169] California Chrome broke this record in 2016 with career earnings of $14.8 million, and was in turn surpassed by Arrogate when he won the 2017 Dubai World Cup to take his career earnings over $17 million.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Famous race horses.

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