Jump to content

Georgia on My Mind: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
improved citations; trimmed blurb giving WP:Undue weight to one of the many listed recordings; trimmed "Music" Category already included by "Songs" WP:Subcategory
Line 43: Line 43:
| Misc =
| Misc =
}}
}}
"'''Georgia on My Mind'''" is a song by [[Hoagy Carmichael]] and [[Stuart Gorrell]], now often associated with the version by [[Ray Charles]], a native of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], who recorded it for his 1960 album ''[[The Genius Hits the Road]]''. It became the official [[state song]] of Georgia in 1979.<ref>{{cite news|title=State Song|year=1979|publisher=Georgia Secretary of State|url=http://sos.georgia.gov/archives/state_symbols/state_song.html |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080905171246/http://www.sos.ga.gov/state_symbols/state_song.html |archivedate=September 5, 2008 |access-date= March 18, 2015 }}</ref>
"'''Georgia on My Mind'''" is a song by [[Hoagy Carmichael]] and [[Stuart Gorrell]], now often associated with the version by [[Ray Charles]], a native of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], who recorded it for his 1960 album ''[[The Genius Hits the Road]]''. It became the official [[state song]] of Georgia in 1979.<ref name=OfficialStateSong>{{cite web |title=State Song |publisher=Georgia Secretary of State |url=http://sos.georgia.gov/archives/state_symbols/state_song.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905171246/http://www.sos.ga.gov/state_symbols/state_song.html |archivedate=September 5, 2008 |deadurl=yes |accessdate= March 18, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Resolution>{{cite book |author=Georgia General Assembly |title=Georgia Laws 1979 |chapter=Joint Resolution: Official State Song Designated |pages=1426–1427 |chapterurl=http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/topics/history/article/the-leo-frank-case/joint-resolution-of-the-georgia-general-assembly-designating-georgia-on-my |format=HTML errors misspell the publisher and conceal the first line of lyrics |date=April 25, 1979 |accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref>


==Original version==
==Original version==
<!--{{Listen|filename=ANGB Georgia.ogg|title=The chorus of ''Georgia''|description=Air National Guard Band of the Southwest - 2.65 MB}}
<!--{{Listen|filename=ANGB Georgia.ogg|title=The chorus of ''Georgia''|description=Air National Guard Band of the Southwest - 2.65 MB}}
-->
-->
The song was written in 1930 by [[Hoagy Carmichael]] (music) and [[Stuart Gorrell]] (lyrics). Although it is frequently asserted that the lyrics were written not about the state of Georgia, but rather for Carmichael's sister, Georgia Carmichael,<ref>{{cite web|title=Song: Georgia On My Mind by Ray Charles|url=http://www.songplaces.com/Georgia_On_My_Mind/Georgia|website=Songplaces.com|accessdate=7 July 2016}}</ref> Hoagy Carmichael himself contradicted this view with his recounting of the origin of the song in his second autobiography ''Sometimes I Wonder''. Carmichael wrote that the song was composed when bandleader [[Frankie Trumbauer]] suggested that he write about the state of Georgia. According to Carmichael, Trumbauer also suggested the opening lyrics should be "Georgia, Georgia ...", with the remaining lyrics coming from Gorrell. Carmichael made no mention at all of his sister in his telling of the song's genesis.<ref>{{cite book | title = Sometimes I Wonder: The Story of Hoagy Carmichael | author = Hoagy Carmichael and Stephen Longstreet | date =1965 | publisher = Da Capo Press | location = New York}}</ref>
The song was written in 1930 by [[Hoagy Carmichael]] (music) and [[Stuart Gorrell]] (lyrics). Although it is frequently asserted that the lyrics were written not about the state of Georgia, but rather for Carmichael's sister, Georgia Carmichael,<ref>{{cite web|title=Song: Georgia On My Mind by Ray Charles|url=http://www.songplaces.com/Georgia_On_My_Mind/Georgia|website=Songplaces.com|accessdate=July 7, 2016}}</ref> Hoagy Carmichael himself contradicted this view with his recounting of the origin of the song in his second autobiography ''Sometimes I Wonder''. Carmichael wrote that the song was composed when bandleader [[Frankie Trumbauer]] suggested that he write about the state of Georgia. According to Carmichael, Trumbauer also suggested the opening lyrics should be "Georgia, Georgia ...", with the remaining lyrics coming from Gorrell. Carmichael made no mention at all of his sister in his telling of the song's genesis.<ref>{{cite book | title = Sometimes I Wonder: The Story of Hoagy Carmichael | author = Hoagy Carmichael and Stephen Longstreet | date =1965 | publisher = Da Capo Press | location = New York}}</ref>


The song was first recorded on September 15, 1930, in New York by Hoagy Carmichael and His Orchestra with [[Bix Beiderbecke]] on muted cornet and Hoagy Carmichael on vocals. It featured [[Eddie Lang]] on guitar. The recording was part of Beiderbecke's last recording session.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cad|first=Saint|title=10 More Famous Songs With Unknown Originals|url=http://listverse.com/2012/10/14/10-more-famous-songs-with-unknown-originals/|work=listverse.com|accessdate=21 June 2013}}</ref> The recording was released as [[Victor Talking Machine Company|Victor]] 23013 with "One Night in Havana". In 2014, the recording was inducted in the [[Grammy Hall of Fame]].
The song was first recorded on September 15, 1930, in New York by Hoagy Carmichael and His Orchestra with [[Bix Beiderbecke]] on muted cornet and Hoagy Carmichael on vocals. It featured [[Eddie Lang]] on guitar. The recording was part of Beiderbecke's last recording session.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cad|first=Saint|title=10 More Famous Songs With Unknown Originals|url=http://listverse.com/2012/10/14/10-more-famous-songs-with-unknown-originals/|work=listverse.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013}}</ref> The recording was released as [[Victor Talking Machine Company|Victor]] 23013 with "One Night in Havana". In 2014, the recording was inducted in the [[Grammy Hall of Fame]].


==Recordings==
==Recordings==
The song has been recorded by many artists, significant among them: [[Ailee]], [[Richard Manuel]], [[Billie Holiday]], [[Louis Armstrong]], [[Ethel Waters]], [[Frankie Laine]], [[Dean Martin]], [[Deana Martin]], [[Jerry Reed]], [[Glenn Miller]], [[Eddy Arnold]], The [[Anita Kerr]] Singers, [[Brenda Lee]], [[Lenny Dee]], [[Zac Brown Band]], [[Michael Bublé]], [[Michael Bolton]], [[Dave Brubeck]], [[Anita O'Day]], [[Mildred Bailey]], [[Leon Russell]], [[George Roberts (trombonist)|George Roberts]], [[Ella Fitzgerald]], [[Rebecca Parris]], [[Gerald Albright]],<ref>{{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r819726|pure_url=yes}}|title=New Beginnings overview|website=Smooth-jazz.de|accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.smoothviews.com/cdreviews/albright_newbeginnigs.htm|title=Gerald Albright - New Beginnings|website=SmoothViews.com|accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref> [[Jo Stafford]], [[Gladys Knight]], [[Gene Krupa]], [[Grover Washington, Jr.]], [[James Brown]], [[Usher (entertainer)|Usher]], [[Fats Waller]], [[Billie Holiday]], [[Nat Gonella|Nat Gonella and The Georgians]], [[Django Reinhardt]], [[Khalil Fong]], [[Wes Montgomery]], [[Jerry Garcia]], [[John Scofield]], [[John Mayer]], [[Jerry Lee Lewis]], [[Little Willie Littlefield]], [[The Righteous Brothers]], [[Deep Purple]], [[Tom Jones (singer)|Tom Jones]], [[Jackie Wilson]], [[Maceo Parker]], [[Crystal Gayle]], [[Van Morrison]], [[Willie Nelson]], [[The Hi-Lo's]], [[Ray Bryant]], [[Coldplay]], [[Annie Lennox]] (from ''[[Nostalgia (Annie Lennox album)|Nostalgia]]'' 2014), [[the Spencer Davis Group]] (with [[Steve Winwood]] on vocals), [[Tony Rice]], [[Lou Rawls]], [[Arturo Sandoval]], [[instrumental]] version by [[Oscar Peterson]], and [[Al Hirt]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Al-Hirt-The-Greatest-Horn-In-The-World/release/2804221 |title=Al Hirt With Henri René And His Orchestra - The Greatest Horn In The World (Vinyl, LP, Album) |website=Discogs.com |date= |accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref> [[Bing Crosby]] recorded this song twice: in 1956 with [[Buddy Cole (musician)|Buddy Cole and his trio]] and in 1975 with Paul Smith and Band for the LP ''[[A Southern Memoir]]''.
The song has been recorded by many artists, significant among them: [[Ailee]], [[Richard Manuel]], [[Billie Holiday]], [[Louis Armstrong]], [[Ethel Waters]], [[Frankie Laine]], [[Dean Martin]], [[Deana Martin]],<ref>{{cite journal |title=Music Album Review: Deana Martin – 'Swing Street' (9/10) |url=http://www.musicconnection.com/music-album-deana-martin-swing-street/ |accessdate=December 1, 2016 |journal=Music Connection |date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> [[Jerry Reed]], [[Glenn Miller]], [[Eddy Arnold]], The [[Anita Kerr]] Singers, [[Brenda Lee]], [[Lenny Dee]], [[Zac Brown Band]], [[Michael Bublé]], [[Michael Bolton]], [[Dave Brubeck]], [[Anita O'Day]], [[Mildred Bailey]], [[Leon Russell]], [[George Roberts (trombonist)|George Roberts]], [[Ella Fitzgerald]], [[Rebecca Parris]], [[Gerald Albright]],<ref>{{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r819726|pure_url=yes}}|title=New Beginnings overview|website=Smooth-jazz.de|accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.smoothviews.com/cdreviews/albright_newbeginnigs.htm|title=Gerald Albright - New Beginnings|website=SmoothViews.com|accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref> [[Jo Stafford]], [[Gladys Knight]], [[Gene Krupa]], [[Grover Washington, Jr.]], [[James Brown]], [[Usher (entertainer)|Usher]], [[Fats Waller]], [[Billie Holiday]], [[Nat Gonella|Nat Gonella and The Georgians]], [[Django Reinhardt]], [[Khalil Fong]], [[Wes Montgomery]], [[Jerry Garcia]], [[John Scofield]], [[John Mayer]], [[Jerry Lee Lewis]], [[Little Willie Littlefield]], [[The Righteous Brothers]], [[Deep Purple]], [[Tom Jones (singer)|Tom Jones]], [[Jackie Wilson]], [[Maceo Parker]], [[Crystal Gayle]], [[Van Morrison]], [[Willie Nelson]], [[The Hi-Lo's]], [[Ray Bryant]], [[Coldplay]], [[Annie Lennox]] (from ''[[Nostalgia (Annie Lennox album)|Nostalgia]]'' 2014), [[the Spencer Davis Group]] (with [[Steve Winwood]] on vocals), [[Tony Rice]], [[Lou Rawls]], [[Arturo Sandoval]], [[instrumental]] version by [[Oscar Peterson]], and [[Al Hirt]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Al-Hirt-The-Greatest-Horn-In-The-World/release/2804221 |title=Al Hirt With Henri René And His Orchestra - The Greatest Horn In The World (Vinyl, LP, Album) |website=Discogs.com |date= |accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref> [[Bing Crosby]] recorded this song twice: in 1956 with [[Buddy Cole (musician)|Buddy Cole and his trio]] and in 1975 with Paul Smith and Band for the LP ''[[A Southern Memoir]]''.


[[File:Stuart Gorrell letter - Bremen Enquirer - 3 Aug 1961.jpg|thumb|right|Stuart Gorrell's letter to his home town Teen Hop patrons, published in the ''Bremen Enquirer'', 3 Aug 1961]]
[[File:Stuart Gorrell letter - Bremen Enquirer - 3 Aug 1961.jpg|thumb|right|Stuart Gorrell's letter to his home town Teen Hop patrons, published in the ''Bremen Enquirer'', 3 Aug 1961]]
Line 82: Line 82:
[[Willie Nelson]] recorded "Georgia" on his 1978 album of standards ''[[Stardust (Willie Nelson album)|Stardust]]''. It was released as single, peaked at #1 for a single week and a total of 16 weeks on a country chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://musicvf.com/song.php?id=48897 |title=Georgia on My Mind (song by Willie Nelson) ••• Music VF, US & UK hits charts |website=Musicvf.com |date=1978-05-27 |accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref> A year later, Nelson won a Grammy award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance for his version of the song.
[[Willie Nelson]] recorded "Georgia" on his 1978 album of standards ''[[Stardust (Willie Nelson album)|Stardust]]''. It was released as single, peaked at #1 for a single week and a total of 16 weeks on a country chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://musicvf.com/song.php?id=48897 |title=Georgia on My Mind (song by Willie Nelson) ••• Music VF, US & UK hits charts |website=Musicvf.com |date=1978-05-27 |accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref> A year later, Nelson won a Grammy award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance for his version of the song.


=== Deana Martin ===
[[Deana Martin]] recorded "Georgia On My Mind" on her 2016 album ''[[Swing Street (Deana Martin album)|Swing Street]]''.<ref>{{cite news | title = Review - Deana Martin - Swing Street | url = http://www.musicconnection.com/music-album-deana-martin-swing-street/ | accessdate=September 10, 2016 | work = Music Connection \ November 30, 2016}}</ref>

====Chart performance====
{|class="wikitable sortable"
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Chart (1978)
!Chart (1978)
Line 115: Line 111:


==Lyrics==
==Lyrics==
The original lyrics, including the commonly excised introductory verse, are in the [[Georgia Code]] under license. The location in the 2011 code is section 50-3-60, '''Official song'''.
The original lyrics, including the commonly excised introductory verse, are in the [[Georgia Code]] under license.<ref name=OfficialStateSong/><ref name=Resolution/>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 122: Line 118:
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.sos.state.ga.us/state_symbols/state_song.html Georgia-state-song web-page]


==External links==
==External links==
Line 189: Line 182:
[[Category:Theme music]]
[[Category:Theme music]]
[[Category:Symbols of Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Symbols of Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Music of Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:ABC Records singles]]
[[Category:ABC Records singles]]
[[Category:Columbia Records singles]]
[[Category:Columbia Records singles]]

Revision as of 20:34, 3 June 2017

"Georgia on My Mind"
Song
B-side"One Night in Havana"
"Georgia on My Mind"
Song
B-side"Carry Me Back to Old Virginny"

"Georgia on My Mind" is a song by Hoagy Carmichael and Stuart Gorrell, now often associated with the version by Ray Charles, a native of Georgia, who recorded it for his 1960 album The Genius Hits the Road. It became the official state song of Georgia in 1979.[1][2]

Original version

The song was written in 1930 by Hoagy Carmichael (music) and Stuart Gorrell (lyrics). Although it is frequently asserted that the lyrics were written not about the state of Georgia, but rather for Carmichael's sister, Georgia Carmichael,[3] Hoagy Carmichael himself contradicted this view with his recounting of the origin of the song in his second autobiography Sometimes I Wonder. Carmichael wrote that the song was composed when bandleader Frankie Trumbauer suggested that he write about the state of Georgia. According to Carmichael, Trumbauer also suggested the opening lyrics should be "Georgia, Georgia ...", with the remaining lyrics coming from Gorrell. Carmichael made no mention at all of his sister in his telling of the song's genesis.[4]

The song was first recorded on September 15, 1930, in New York by Hoagy Carmichael and His Orchestra with Bix Beiderbecke on muted cornet and Hoagy Carmichael on vocals. It featured Eddie Lang on guitar. The recording was part of Beiderbecke's last recording session.[5] The recording was released as Victor 23013 with "One Night in Havana". In 2014, the recording was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame.

Recordings

The song has been recorded by many artists, significant among them: Ailee, Richard Manuel, Billie Holiday, Louis Armstrong, Ethel Waters, Frankie Laine, Dean Martin, Deana Martin,[6] Jerry Reed, Glenn Miller, Eddy Arnold, The Anita Kerr Singers, Brenda Lee, Lenny Dee, Zac Brown Band, Michael Bublé, Michael Bolton, Dave Brubeck, Anita O'Day, Mildred Bailey, Leon Russell, George Roberts, Ella Fitzgerald, Rebecca Parris, Gerald Albright,[7][8] Jo Stafford, Gladys Knight, Gene Krupa, Grover Washington, Jr., James Brown, Usher, Fats Waller, Billie Holiday, Nat Gonella and The Georgians, Django Reinhardt, Khalil Fong, Wes Montgomery, Jerry Garcia, John Scofield, John Mayer, Jerry Lee Lewis, Little Willie Littlefield, The Righteous Brothers, Deep Purple, Tom Jones, Jackie Wilson, Maceo Parker, Crystal Gayle, Van Morrison, Willie Nelson, The Hi-Lo's, Ray Bryant, Coldplay, Annie Lennox (from Nostalgia 2014), the Spencer Davis Group (with Steve Winwood on vocals), Tony Rice, Lou Rawls, Arturo Sandoval, instrumental version by Oscar Peterson, and Al Hirt.[9] Bing Crosby recorded this song twice: in 1956 with Buddy Cole and his trio and in 1975 with Paul Smith and Band for the LP A Southern Memoir.

Stuart Gorrell's letter to his home town Teen Hop patrons, published in the Bremen Enquirer, 3 Aug 1961

Frankie Trumbauer had the first major hit recording in 1931, when his recording made the top ten on the charts. Trumbauer had suggested that Carmichael compose the song. Another 1931 hit version was Mildred Bailey's vocal made with members of Paul Whiteman's Orchestra (Victor 22880).

Instrumental version was recorded on March 20, 1962, for the LP There Is Nothing Like a Dame with Pete Candoli and Conte Candoli on trumpets, Shelly Manne on drums, Jimmy Rowles on piano, Howard Roberts on guitar and Gary Peacock on bass.

The song was a standard at performances by Ronnie Hawkins and The Hawks in the late 1950s and early 1960s, where it was sung by pianist Richard Manuel. When The Hawks split off on their own and became The Band, they kept the song as part of their repertoire. They recorded a studio version of the song for Jimmy Carter's presidential bid in 1976, which was released as a single that year as well as on their 1977 album Islands.[10]

Cold Chisel's version of the song appeared on the album Barking Spiders Live: 1983 and has become a staple of their live shows. Guitarist Ian Moss still performs the song and a live version is included in his Let's All Get Together album.

The song is also associated with the Spirit of Atlanta Drum and Bugle Corps. "Georgia" was originally featured in their 1979 show and the corps continues to perform it today. Currently[when?] the piece is performed as a warmup or in a formal setting by Spirit's members and alumni.

Ray Charles

It was not until Ray Charles' 1960 recording on The Genius Hits the Road, that the song became a major hit, reaching the number one spot for one week in November 1960 on the US Billboard Hot 100. On March 7, 1979, in a mutual symbol of reconciliation in the aftermath of the Civil Rights Movement, he performed it before the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature). After this performance, the connection to the state was firmly made, and the Assembly adopted it as the state song on April 24.

Although there is no actual evidence to that effect, according to the 2004 film Ray, Charles was lifted from a supposed lifetime ban implemented since 1962.[11][12]

This version of the song was played with a video montage each time that Georgia Public Television went off the air nightly. With the advent of 24-hour broadcasting, it is rarely used now, the last time being in 2009 for the permanent sign-off of GPB's analog TV stations on February 17.

The song was used as the theme song to the CBS sitcom Designing Women (set in Atlanta), initially as an instrumental (performed by Doc Severinsen), and later in a recording by Ray Charles. Charles' version was also sampled for rap group Field Mob's 2005 single, "Georgia", featuring Jamie Foxx and Ludacris. Lil Wayne also uses the song in his satirical song about George W. Bush called "Georgia Bush".

Sometime after 2000, Charles invited the Italian singer Giorgia Todrani to sing the song with him after learning she was named in honor of the song.

Jamie Foxx and Alicia Keys, backed by Quincy Jones and his Orchestra, performed a new arrangement in honor of Ray Charles at the 2005 Grammy Awards.

Willie Nelson

Willie Nelson recorded "Georgia" on his 1978 album of standards Stardust. It was released as single, peaked at #1 for a single week and a total of 16 weeks on a country chart.[13] A year later, Nelson won a Grammy award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance for his version of the song.

Chart (1978) Peak
position
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[14] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[15] 84
Canadian RPM Country Tracks 1
Canadian RPM Top Singles 86
Canadian RPM Adult Contemporary Tracks 16

Cultural significance

Lyrics

The original lyrics, including the commonly excised introductory verse, are in the Georgia Code under license.[1][2]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "State Song". Georgia Secretary of State. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved March 18, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b Georgia General Assembly (April 25, 1979). "Joint Resolution: Official State Song Designated". Georgia Laws 1979. pp. 1426–1427. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |format= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "Song: Georgia On My Mind by Ray Charles". Songplaces.com. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  4. ^ Hoagy Carmichael and Stephen Longstreet (1965). Sometimes I Wonder: The Story of Hoagy Carmichael. New York: Da Capo Press.
  5. ^ Cad, Saint. "10 More Famous Songs With Unknown Originals". listverse.com. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
  6. ^ "Music Album Review: Deana Martin – 'Swing Street' (9/10)". Music Connection. November 30, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  7. ^ "New Beginnings overview". Smooth-jazz.de. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
  8. ^ "Gerald Albright - New Beginnings". SmoothViews.com. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
  9. ^ "Al Hirt With Henri René And His Orchestra - The Greatest Horn In The World (Vinyl, LP, Album)". Discogs.com. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
  10. ^ Morris, Chris, Liner Notes to Islands CD release
  11. ^ "32 Years Ago This Month: Ray Charles Serenades the Legislature". AtlantaMagazine.com. Archived from the original on March 11, 2013. Retrieved January 18, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Robert Fontenot, About.com Guide. "How did racism affect Ray Charles?". About.com. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
  13. ^ "Georgia on My Mind (song by Willie Nelson) ••• Music VF, US & UK hits charts". Musicvf.com. 1978-05-27. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
  14. ^ "Willie Nelson Chart History (Hot Country Songs)". Billboard.
  15. ^ "Willie Nelson Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
  16. ^ "Elvis Presley, 'Heartbreak Hotel' | 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". Rolling Stone. 2011-04-07. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
Preceded by U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number one single (Ray Charles version)
November 14, 1960 (one week)
Succeeded by
Preceded by Billboard Hot Country Singles number-one single
(Willie Nelson version)

June 10, 1978
Succeeded by
Preceded by RPM Country Tracks number one single
(Willie Nelson version)

June 3-June 10, 1978
Succeeded by