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The 2009 Perak constitutional crisis was a political dispute in Malaysia regarding the legitimacy of the Perak state government formed in February 2009. It began when three Pakatan Rakyat state legislators defected, causing a collapse of the state government. The Sultan of Perak then refused Menteri Besar Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin's request to dissolve the state assembly and call for new elections. Instead, Barisan Nasional (BN), with support from the three defecting assemblymen, formed the new state government.

The BN state government's legitimacy and the Sultan's decision not to dissolve the state assembly was disputed vehemently by Pakatan Rakyat politicians. A series of battles in the courts ensued between Nizar and the new Menteri Besar (Chief Minister), Zambry Abdul Kadir. Ultimately, the Federal Court confirmed in February 2010 that Zambry was the lawful menteri besar.

Overview

The crisis in Perak began with the announcement by Barisan Nasional's Nasarudin Hashim of his desire to cross the floor to Pakatan Rakyat. This was then followed by the re-defection of Nasaruddin to Barisan Nasional, and the declaration by three Pakatan Rakyat representatives, Deputy Speaker Hee Yit Foong, senior state Executive Council member Jamaluddin Mohd. Radzi and Osman Jailu, of their intentions to sit as independents while supporting the Barisan Nasional in confidence matters. The Sultan granted an audience to the Prime Minister (who is the head of Perak Barisan Nasional); at this meeting the PM claimed that the Barisan Nasional had the support of the majority of peoples elected representatives in the State Assembly. The Sultan ordered the PM to prove he had a majority. The PM left and returned later (the same day) with 31 elected members of the State Assembly all of whom told the sultan that they had no confidence in the Pakatan Rakyat and that they would support a Barisan Nasional government. Prior to the defections, Pakatan Rakyat had 32 representatives while Barisan Nasional had 27 representatives. The defections meant that the state now has 28 Pakatan Rakyat representatives, 28 Barisan Nasional representatives, and 3 independent representatives who pledged confidence to Barisan Nasional.

The morality of crossing the floor, the Sultan's power to dismiss the Menteri Besar (First Minister), the validity of pre-signed undated resignation letters, the powers of the Speaker of the House and power of the Election Commission were major issues of this constitutional crisis. On 11 May 2009, the Kuala Lumpur High Court ruled that the Sultan was not constitutionally permitted to dismiss the Menteri Besar, and that Nizar had always been the rightful head of the state government. On 22 May 2009, the Court of Appeal overturned the High Court decision, and confirmed that the Barisan Nasional which has sworn in a new chief minister and parliamentary speaker for Perak should remain in power.^{[citation needed]} Furthermore, the Court of Appeal found the trial judge to have erred in confusing the issue of whether the government has lost the confidence of the majority of the house with the issue of whether the Sultan has the power to dismiss the government. However Zambry's position as Menteri Besar will not go unchallenged despite the ruling as Pakatan Rakyat leaders have indicated they intend to file an appeal.^{[citation needed]}

Defections

The crisis^[1] began on 25 January 2009 when a member of the Barisan Nasional coalition's main component party - UMNO, Nasarudin Hashim announced his decision to leave the party and join PKR.^[2] Pakatan Rakyat leader, Anwar Ibrahim made continued claims of the possibility of more Perak and also Federal lawmakers from Barisan Nasional crossing the floor to Pakatan Rakyat. Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin, the state's First Minister, also hinted at the possibility of another three state lawmakers from Barisan Nasional defecting over to Pakatan Rakyat.^[3] Nasarudin Hashim's defection angered the then Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, who chided Nasarudin for being weak and claimed that Nasarudin's defection was because Nasarudin was disappointed in not being offered any senior party posts.^[4] Nasarudin rebutted the Prime Minister's statement and claimed his decision was due to the mood of his constituents.^[5] On 29 January 2009 then Finance Minister Najib Razak took over from Mohammad Tajol Rosli Ghazali as the Perak UMNO chief, as Tajol Rosli resigned over Nasaruddin's party shift.^[6]

On 30 January 2009 two state assemblymen from PKR, senior state exco member and one time candidate for First Minister^[7] Jamaluddin Mat Radzi and Mohd Osman Jailu, who were both previously accused of corruption^[8] went missing from their homes.^[9] The State Assembly speaker V. Sivakumar of the DAP then declared the seats held by Jamaluddin and Osman vacant and informed the Election Commission to initiate a by-election in the two ridings. On 2 February 2009 both assemblymen reappeared and declared themselves independent assemblymen while pledging support for Barisan Nasional in confidence matters.^[10] The Election Commission then decided to not heed the speaker's requests and states that no by-elections would be held for the seats held by Jamaluddin and Osman.^[11]

The deputy speaker of the state assembly from the DAP Hee Yit Foong declared herself independent on 3 February 2009 with the same terms as Jamaluddin and Osman - supporting Barisan Nasional in matters of confidence. Nizar had an audience with the Sultan of Perak Sultan Azlan Shah and requested a dissolution of the state assembly to pave way for a snap election on 4 January 2009.^[12] Najib in his capacity as Perak UMNO chief had an audience with Sultan Azlan Shah together with Hee, Jamaluddin and Osman. The latest Pakatan Rakyat lawmaker Nasaruddin announced his return to UMNO citing that "[He] want[s] stability in Perak."^[13] Najib, then sought royal consent for Barisan Nasional to form the new government.^[14]

An almost similar scenario occurred in the state of Sabah following the 1994 state election whereby Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS) won 25 seats against 23 won by Barisan Nasional. Defections by representatives of PBS into Barisan Nasional gave the latter the requisite majority to form government in Sabah.^[15]

New state government

The Sultan Azlan Shah announced his decision to refuse Nizar's request for a dissolution of the state assembly and asked Nizar and his cabinet to resign, citing his discretion under Article XVIII (2)(b) of the Perak State Constitution^[16]^[17] after being satisfied that Nizar no longer commanded the support of the majority in the house of assembly.^[2]^[18] DAP advisor, Lim Kit Siang, charged that the sultan was obliged to act on the advice of the Menteri Besar and call fresh elections, citing Article 16(6) of the Perak State Constitution.^[19]

Nizar refused to resign and asked the sultan to reconsider and dissolve the assembly, citing reasons of democracy, with backing from leaders of Pakatan Rakyat.^[20] The police cordoned off the state secretariat building and demanded Nizar's cabinet to vacate the building.^[21] Later in the evening, the sultan asked Zambry Abdul Kadir to form the next government, removed Nizar from the office of Menteri Besar and swore in Zambry as the new First Minister on 6 February 2009.^[22]

On the morning of 6 February 2009, Nizar and his exco members returned to the Menteri Besar's office to find that their offices had been cleared. Nizar held a press conference in the office premises along with his exco, but they were promptly ordered to leave by the state secretary^[23] on grounds that they had breached an earlier agreement to only take his personal belongings. Nizar was escorted out of the office by the police 45 minutes later.^[24] Some members of the Bar Council defended the sultan's decision saying that His Majesty had acted within the state constitutional provisions^[25]^[26] while Information Minister Ahmad Shabery Cheek claimed that Nizar's refusal to resign was act of treason.^[27]

Zambry was sworn in as the new Menteri Besar of Perak at 4.08pm that day. The ceremony was attended by members of the Barisan Nasional, including Najib, who arrived in the royal palace, Istana Iskandariah, Kuala Kangsar under heavy security. Supporters of the Pakatan Rakyat amassed in large number outside the palace to protest the swearing in of Zambry.^[28]^[29] Anwar Ibrahim challenged the legitimacy of Zambry's appointment by stating that Nizar still remains the Menteri Besar, as guaranteed by the state constitutional provisions, while Nizar continued his call for a motion of no confidence to be held in the assembly sitting before he steps down.^[30] Nizar called for the resignation of Zambry and stated his desire to file an application at the High Court and declare his appointment as unconstitutional.^[31] Nizar and other members of the Pakatan administration returned to the Menteri Besar official residence on 7 February and went ahead with approving three new policies in Perak.^[32]

Litigation

DAP chairman and Bukit Gelugor MP Karpal Singh issued a notice that he will file a lawsuit against the sultan and the new Barisan Nasional state government for acting beyond the state Constitution. Since the Election Commission had ruled that there was doubt over the vacancy of the state seats of Changkat Jering and Behrang (held by Osman Jailu and Jamaluddin Mohd Radzi respectively) after the pre-signed letters submitted by Assembly Speaker V. Sivakumar in relation to their resignation were contradicted by denials from both assemblymen, it triggered the provision of Article 33 (1). The provision stated that "if any question arises whether a member of the state Legislative Assembly has become disqualified for membership, the decision of the assembly shall be taken and shall be final".^[33] Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin also filed an application at the High Court to declare the swearing in of Zambry Abdul Kadir as unconstitutional and illegal.^[34]

Assembly below a tree

Before the sitting

According to Nizar's senior exco member Ngeh Koo Ham, the Perak state legal advisor, Ahmad Kamal Mohd Shahid was trying to block state representatives from being notified of an emergency sitting of the state assembly on 3 March. He mentioned that this obstruction was in “contempt of the house” and liable for punishment under house rules.^[35]

The sitting

Because the assemblypersons were barred from entering the building, Sivakumar declared the parking lot of the State Secretariat building as the meeting place. The assembly met under a tree in the parking lot, which would later be known as the Democracy tree. All the three motions were debated and passed unanimously, 27-0.^[36]

1BLACKMalaysia protest and arrests

The Coalition for Free and Fair Elections (Bersih) urged Malaysians to wear black on 7 May, to protest the "ongoing Perak coup" by the Barisan Nasional government. "It will be a peaceful but powerful message of civil disobedience: that we, the people, are the politicians' bosses and no politician defiant of public opinion can escape punishment at the next poll," said Bersih representative Wong Chin Huat at the launch of the 1BLACKMalaysia campaign on 5 May.^[37] That evening, Wong was arrested for sedition for writing several articles, including on the 1BLACKMalaysia campaign.^[38] Security was tight around the state secretariat building where the state assembly is housed. The police cordoned off the roads in the areas from the night before the sitting on 7 May. The police warned political party supporters not to create tension by dressing in black and gathering illegally in protest of the Perak state assembly sitting.^[39] That didn't stop the supporters from showing up, dressed in black. Even before the sitting began, the police had arrested at dozens of people.^[40]^[41]

High Court rules takeover illegal

On 11 May 2009, the High Court of Kuala Lumpur ruled that, since there had been no vote of no confidence in the state assembly, the Barisan Nasional takeover was "illegal" and the Pakatan Rakyat's Mohd Nizar Jamaluddin still held office.^[42] The opposition is expected to call for fresh elections, while the ruling party has vowed to appeal.^[42] The Regent of Perak Raja Nazrin Shah has agreed to see Datuk Seri Nizar Jamaluddin on his request for dissolution of the Perak state legislature and the call for a fresh election.^[43]

The night of 11 May, the Pakatan Rakyat Perak executive council met and dismissed the state secretary and state legal adviser. Nizar announced his executive council would report for work the next day, and asserted that the 7 May sitting of the state assembly was invalid because it had been called by Zambry. By implication, this would prevent the Barisan-appointed Speaker from convening a new sitting of the state assembly.^[44]

On 12 May, Zambry filed his appeal at the Court of Appeal, which granted him a stay of execution on the court ruling, allowing him to retain the post of Menteri Besar until his appeal is heard.^[45]^[46]

Overturning of the High Court verdict

The Court of Appeal overturned the High Court decision and held that Zambry the lawful Menteri Besar. The Court of Appeal's verdict was upheld by the Federal Court with a 5-0 verdict in February 2010.^[47]

The constitutional crisis came to an indefinite end with Pakatan leaders having no choice but to obey the ruling. As a result, no fresh election was called and Zambry continues as Menteri Besar while Nizar became the opposition leader.

Comments and interpretations of the constitutional crisis

On 2 March 2009, the president of the Malaysian Bar Council, Ambiga Sreenevasan remarked that the Institution of the Perak and its constitution are breaking down.^[48] She also mentioned that the secretary of state does not have the power to interfere in the affair of the assembly nor does the police, while the speaker has the very rights within the constitution to exercise his power to call for an emergency sitting of the state assembly.^[48] She was also quoted saying “Our institutions, that is the courts, the police, et cetera, are being tested and we can judge for ourselves whether they are acting independently or not.”^[48]

Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah, an UMNO politician veteran agreed with Pakatan MB to dissolve the state legislative and call for fresh state elections to resolve the political stalemate in Perak.^[49]

The Human Rights Commission (Suhakam) has joined the ever increasing chorus calling for fresh state elections to resolve the political stalemate in Perak.^[50]

Hardial Singh Khaira, a legal researcher, has done a full research on the The Dismissal and Appointment of Menteri Besars in Perak before any judgment was delivered on the Perak constitutional crisis by any Malaysian court and the full article can be viewed online.^[51]

References

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^ ^a ^b "How the Perak state government fell". The Star (Malaysia). 5 February 2009. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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^ M. Husairy Othman (30 January 2009). "Abdullah: Don't sulk if not given party post". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ CLARA CHOOI (31 January 2009). "Nasarudin: I still have the fighting spirit". The Star (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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^ "No DAP CEC mandate for Pas Menteri Besar in Perak". Lim Kit Siang. 12 March 2008. Archived from the original on 6 August 2009. Retrieved 11 May 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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^ Saodah Elias (3 February 2009). "Behrang rep Jamaluddin quits PKR". The Star (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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^ Yasmin Masidi (6 February 2009), When defections felled Sabah, The Nut Graph, archived from the original on 13 January 2010, retrieved 4 December 2009 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Bernama (5 February 2009). "PERAK IN CRISIS: How the Perak palace worded the PR State Government's dismissal". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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[1] NST Newsdesk (5 February 2009). "PERAK IN CRISIS: Nizar joins Ningkan as the defiant ones". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[The_Star_Malaysia-2] "How the Perak state government fell". The Star (Malaysia). 5 February 2009. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[3] EDWARD RAJENDRA; IVAN LOH (26 January 2009). "Anwar claims more BN reps to defect (updated)". The Star (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[4] M. Husairy Othman (30 January 2009). "Abdullah: Don't sulk if not given party post". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[5] CLARA CHOOI (31 January 2009). "Nasarudin: I still have the fighting spirit". The Star (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[6] "Najib takes over as Perak chairman". The Star (Malaysia). 30 January 2009. Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[7] "No DAP CEC mandate for Pas Menteri Besar in Perak". Lim Kit Siang. 12 March 2008. Archived from the original on 6 August 2009. Retrieved 11 May 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[8] "Court orders arrest of absent Osman". Malaysian Insider. 10 February 2009. Archived from the original on 6 August 2009. Retrieved 11 May 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[9] "Perak PKR says two state exco men cannot be located". The Star (Malaysia). 1 February 2009. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[10] Saodah Elias (3 February 2009). "Behrang rep Jamaluddin quits PKR". The Star (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[11] "EC: No by-election (Update 3)". The Star (Malaysia). 3 February 2009. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[12] "Nizar leaves fate of govt in Sultan's hands". The Star (Malaysia). 5 February 2009. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[13] "I want to see stability in Perak, says Nasarudin". The Star (Malaysia). 5 February 2009. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[14] "Najib informs Sultan BN can form govt". The Star (Malaysia). 5 February 2009. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[15] Yasmin Masidi (6 February 2009), When defections felled Sabah, The Nut Graph, archived from the original on 13 January 2010, retrieved 4 December 2009 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[16] Bernama (5 February 2009). "PERAK IN CRISIS: How the Perak palace worded the PR State Government's dismissal". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[17] NST Newsdesk (5 February 2009). "PERAK IN CRISIS: Sultan tells Nizar, Exco to resign". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[18] "Perak drama: PM leaves at Istana". The Star (Malaysia). 5 February 2009. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[19] "PERAK IN CRISIS: PR must continue as state government unless BN gets no-confidence vote: Kit". New Straits Times. 5 February 2009. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[20] David Yeow (5 February 2009). "PERAK IN CRISIS: PR not rejecting Sultan's orders, merely pleading for dissolution of state assembly". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[21] "Perak: Police take over state building". The Star (Malaysia). 5 February 2009. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[22] NST Newsdesk (5 February 2009). "Zambry Kadir to be sworn in as new Perak MB tomorrow, says PM; PR defying Sultan's ruling, insists on dissolution or no-confidence vote". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 17 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[23] Bernama (6 February 2009). "Mohamad Nizar escorted out of Menteri Besar's office". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[24] Bernama (6 February 2009). "Nizar was allowed in MB's office to take personal belongings only, says state secretary". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[25] "Nizar has no choice but to resign, says Bar Council head". New Straits Times. 6 February 2009. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[26] "Bar: Don't challenge Sultan's decision". The Star (Malaysia). 6 February 2009. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[27] "PERAK IN CRISIS: Nizar's refusal to step down an 'act of treason': Shabery Cheek". New Straits Times. 5 February 2009. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[28] Yushaimi Yahaya; Frankie D'Cruz; Zainal Epi; Kharleez Zubin; Francis C. Nantha (6 February 2009). "Showdown expected in Royal town". Malay Mail. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[29] NST Newsdesk (6 February 2009). "Zambry is new Perak MB". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[30] "Nizar refuses to step down as Perak MB (Updated)". The Star (Malaysia). 6 February 2009. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[31] "Perak Update: Nizar wants Dr Zambry removed". The Star (Malaysia). 6 February 2009. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[32] NST Newsdesk (7 February 2009). "Nizar holds Exco meeting, approves three new policies". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved 7 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[33] "Karpal to file law suit against Perak Sultan". Sun2Surf. 6 February 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2009.

[34] "Nizar: Dr Zambry's appointment is illegal". The Star Online. 6 February 2009. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[35] "Perak state legal advisor blocks notification of emergency sitting". The Malaysian Insider. 27 February 2009. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[36] "Perak crisis deepens". The Nut Graph. 3 March 2009. Archived from the original on 6 March 2009. Retrieved 3 March 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[37] "1BLACKMalaysia campaign for Perak". The Nut Graph. 5 May 2009. Archived from the original on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[38] "1BLACKMalaysia campaign for Perak". The Nut Graph. 5 May 2009. Archived from the original on 7 May 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[39] "Don't wear black tomorrow, warns IGP". The Nut Graph. 6 May 2009. Archived from the original on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[40] "Impasse in Perak assembly after BN tries to wrest control". The Nut Graph. 7 May 2009. Archived from the original on 8 May 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[41] "Dozens held at Malaysian protest". BBC News. 7 May 2009. Archived from the original on 8 May 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[reuters-42] Chance, David (11 May 2009). "Malaysia court rules opposition runs Perak state". Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 May 2009. Retrieved 11 May 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[43] "Raja Nazrin agrees to meet Nizar". Malaysian Insider. 11 May 2009. Archived from the original on 6 August 2009. Retrieved 11 May 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[44] Teoh, Shannon (12 May 2009). "Perak MB suspends state secretary, legal advisor". The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 12 May 2009. Retrieved 12 May 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[45] "Perak crisis: Stay of execution granted; Zambry to resume duties". TheStar Online. 12 May 2009. Archived from the original on 15 May 2009. Retrieved 12 May 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[46] "Court lets BN reclaim post". The Straits Times. 13 May 2009. Archived from the original on 17 May 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[47] "5-0 for BN's Zambry". The Star. 10 February 2010. Archived from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Ambiga-48] "Institutions breaking down, says Bar Council". The Malaysian Insider. 2 March 2009. Archived from the original on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[49] SYED AZHAR (12 May 2009). "Dissolve state assembly, Ku Li urges Sultan". TheStar Online. Archived from the original on 6 August 2009. Retrieved 12 May 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[50] "Suhakam calls for state election - Malaysiakini". Archived from the original on 6 August 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[51] "The Perak Constitutional Crisis". Archived from the original on 6 August 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 ==Defections==
-The crisis<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/NewsBreak/20090205203428/Article/index_html |title=PERAK IN CRISIS: Nizar joins Ningkan as the defiant ones |author=NST Newsdesk |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206143741/http://nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/NewsBreak/20090205203428/Article/index_html |archivedate=6 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref> began on 25 January 2009 when a member of the Barisan Nasional coalition's main component party - [[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]], [[Nasarudin Hashim]] announced his decision to leave the party and join [[Parti Keadilan Rakyat|PKR]].<ref name="The Star Malaysia">{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/3197541&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206102254/http://www.thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/3197541&sec=nation|dead-url=yes|archive-date=6 February 2009|title=How the Perak state government fell|date=5 February 2009|accessdate=5 February 2009}}</ref> [[Pakatan Rakyat]] leader, [[Anwar Ibrahim]] made continued claims of the possibility of more [[Dewan Undangan Negeri Perak|Perak]] and also [[Dewan Rakyat|Federal]] lawmakers from [[Barisan Nasional]] [[cross the floor|crossing the floor]] to Pakatan Rakyat. [[Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin]], the state's [[Menteri Besar|First Minister]], also hinted at the possibility of another three state lawmakers from [[Barisan Nasional]] defecting over to [[Pakatan Rakyat]].<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/1/26/nation/20090126164646&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203113242/http://thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/1/26/nation/20090126164646&sec=nation|dead-url=yes|archive-date=3 February 2009|title=Anwar claims more BN reps to defect (updated)|author1=EDWARD RAJENDRA  |author2=IVAN LOH|date=26 January 2009|accessdate=5 February 2009}}</ref> Nasarudin Hashim's defection angered the then Prime Minister [[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]], who chided Nasarudin for being weak and claimed that Nasarudin's defection was because Nasarudin was disappointed in not being offered any senior party posts.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/National/2465994/Article/index_html |title=Abdullah: Don't sulk if not given party post |date=30 January 2009 |author=M. Husairy Othman |accessdate=5 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202080014/http://nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/National/2465994/Article/index_html |archivedate=2 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref> Nasarudin rebutted the Prime Minister's statement and claimed his decision was due to the mood of his constituents.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/1/31/nation/20090131174133&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202173232/http://thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/1/31/nation/20090131174133&sec=nation|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2 February 2009|title=Nasarudin: I still have the fighting spirit|author=CLARA CHOOI|date=31 January 2009|accessdate=5 February 2009}}</ref> On 29 January 2009 then [[Minister of Finance (Malaysia)|Finance Minister]] [[Najib Razak]] took over from [[Mohammad Tajol Rosli Ghazali]] as the [[Perak]] [[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]] chief, as Tajol Rosli resigned over Nasaruddin's party shift.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/1/30/nation/3157105&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131215558/http://thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/1/30/nation/3157105&sec=nation|dead-url=yes|archive-date=31 January 2009|title=Najib takes over as Perak chairman|date=30 January 2009|accessdate=5 February 2009}}</ref>
+The crisis<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/NewsBreak/20090205203428/Article/index_html |title=PERAK IN CRISIS: Nizar joins Ningkan as the defiant ones |author=NST Newsdesk |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206143741/http://nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/NewsBreak/20090205203428/Article/index_html |archivedate=6 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref> began on 25 January 2009 when a member of the Barisan Nasional coalition's main component party - [[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]], [[Nasarudin Hashim]] announced his decision to leave the party and join [[Parti Keadilan Rakyat|PKR]].<ref name="The Star Malaysia">{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/3197541&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206102254/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F2%2F5%2Fnation%2F3197541&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=6 February 2009 |title=How the Perak state government fell |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |df= }}</ref> [[Pakatan Rakyat]] leader, [[Anwar Ibrahim]] made continued claims of the possibility of more [[Dewan Undangan Negeri Perak|Perak]] and also [[Dewan Rakyat|Federal]] lawmakers from [[Barisan Nasional]] [[cross the floor|crossing the floor]] to Pakatan Rakyat. [[Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin]], the state's [[Menteri Besar|First Minister]], also hinted at the possibility of another three state lawmakers from [[Barisan Nasional]] defecting over to [[Pakatan Rakyat]].<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/1/26/nation/20090126164646&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203113242/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F1%2F26%2Fnation%2F20090126164646&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=3 February 2009 |title=Anwar claims more BN reps to defect (updated) |author1=EDWARD RAJENDRA |author2=IVAN LOH |date=26 January 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |df= }}</ref> Nasarudin Hashim's defection angered the then Prime Minister [[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]], who chided Nasarudin for being weak and claimed that Nasarudin's defection was because Nasarudin was disappointed in not being offered any senior party posts.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/National/2465994/Article/index_html |title=Abdullah: Don't sulk if not given party post |date=30 January 2009 |author=M. Husairy Othman |accessdate=5 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202080014/http://nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/National/2465994/Article/index_html |archivedate=2 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref> Nasarudin rebutted the Prime Minister's statement and claimed his decision was due to the mood of his constituents.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/1/31/nation/20090131174133&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202173232/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F1%2F31%2Fnation%2F20090131174133&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2 February 2009 |title=Nasarudin: I still have the fighting spirit |author=CLARA CHOOI |date=31 January 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |df= }}</ref> On 29 January 2009 then [[Minister of Finance (Malaysia)|Finance Minister]] [[Najib Razak]] took over from [[Mohammad Tajol Rosli Ghazali]] as the [[Perak]] [[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]] chief, as Tajol Rosli resigned over Nasaruddin's party shift.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/1/30/nation/3157105&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131215558/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F1%2F30%2Fnation%2F3157105&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=31 January 2009 |title=Najib takes over as Perak chairman |date=30 January 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |df= }}</ref>
-On 30 January 2009 two state assemblymen from PKR, senior state exco member and one time candidate for First Minister<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Lim Kit Siang |url=http://blog.limkitsiang.com/2008/03/12/no-dap-cec-mandate-for-pas-menteri-besar-in-perak/ |title=No DAP CEC mandate for Pas Menteri Besar in Perak |date=12 March 2008 |accessdate=11 May 2009 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5iprD45FS?url=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.limkitsiang.com%2F2008%2F03%2F12%2Fno-dap-cec-mandate-for-pas-menteri-besar-in-perak%2F |archivedate=6 August 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref> [[Jamaluddin Mat Radzi]] and [[Mohd Osman Jailu]], who were both previously accused of corruption<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Malaysian Insider |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/18009-court-orders-arrest-of-absent-osman |title=Court orders arrest of absent Osman |date=10 February 2009 |accessdate=11 May 2009 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5iprDu70f?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysianinsider.com%2Findex.php%2Fmalaysia%2F18009-court-orders-arrest-of-absent-osman |archivedate=6 August 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref> went missing from their homes.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/1/nation/3172334&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202173358/http://thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/1/nation/3172334&sec=nation|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2 February 2009|title=Perak PKR says two state exco men cannot be located|date=1 February 2009|accessdate=5 February 2009}}</ref> The State Assembly speaker [[V. Sivakumar]] of the [[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|DAP]] then declared the seats held by Jamaluddin and Osman vacant and informed the [[Election Commission of Malaysia|Election Commission]] to initiate a [[by-election]] in the two ridings. On 2 February 2009 both assemblymen reappeared and declared themselves independent assemblymen while pledging support for Barisan Nasional in confidence matters.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/3/nation/20090203184845&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205182051/http://thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/3/nation/20090203184845&sec=nation|dead-url=yes|archive-date=5 February 2009|title=Behrang rep Jamaluddin quits PKR|author=Saodah Elias|date=3 February 2009|accessdate=5 February 2009}}</ref> The Election Commission then decided to not heed the speaker's requests and states that no by-elections would be held for the seats held by Jamaluddin and Osman.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/3/nation/20090203130356&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206034753/http://thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/3/nation/20090203130356&sec=nation|dead-url=yes|archive-date=6 February 2009|title=EC: No by-election (Update 3)|date=3 February 2009|accessdate=5 February 2009}}</ref>
+On 30 January 2009 two state assemblymen from PKR, senior state exco member and one time candidate for First Minister<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Lim Kit Siang |url=http://blog.limkitsiang.com/2008/03/12/no-dap-cec-mandate-for-pas-menteri-besar-in-perak/ |title=No DAP CEC mandate for Pas Menteri Besar in Perak |date=12 March 2008 |accessdate=11 May 2009 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5iprD45FS?url=http://blog.limkitsiang.com/2008/03/12/no-dap-cec-mandate-for-pas-menteri-besar-in-perak/ |archivedate=6 August 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref> [[Jamaluddin Mat Radzi]] and [[Mohd Osman Jailu]], who were both previously accused of corruption<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Malaysian Insider |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/18009-court-orders-arrest-of-absent-osman |title=Court orders arrest of absent Osman |date=10 February 2009 |accessdate=11 May 2009 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5iprDu70f?url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/18009-court-orders-arrest-of-absent-osman |archivedate=6 August 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref> went missing from their homes.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/1/nation/3172334&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202173358/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F2%2F1%2Fnation%2F3172334&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2 February 2009 |title=Perak PKR says two state exco men cannot be located |date=1 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |df= }}</ref> The State Assembly speaker [[V. Sivakumar]] of the [[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|DAP]] then declared the seats held by Jamaluddin and Osman vacant and informed the [[Election Commission of Malaysia|Election Commission]] to initiate a [[by-election]] in the two ridings. On 2 February 2009 both assemblymen reappeared and declared themselves independent assemblymen while pledging support for Barisan Nasional in confidence matters.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/3/nation/20090203184845&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205182051/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F2%2F3%2Fnation%2F20090203184845&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=5 February 2009 |title=Behrang rep Jamaluddin quits PKR |author=Saodah Elias |date=3 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |df= }}</ref> The Election Commission then decided to not heed the speaker's requests and states that no by-elections would be held for the seats held by Jamaluddin and Osman.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/3/nation/20090203130356&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206034753/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F2%2F3%2Fnation%2F20090203130356&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=6 February 2009 |title=EC: No by-election (Update 3) |date=3 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |df= }}</ref>
-The deputy speaker of the state assembly from the DAP [[Hee Yit Foong]] declared herself independent on 3 February 2009 with the same terms as Jamaluddin and Osman - supporting Barisan Nasional in matters of confidence. Nizar had an audience with the [[Sultan of Perak]] [[Sultan Azlan Shah]] and requested a dissolution of the state assembly to pave way for a [[snap election]] on 4 January 2009.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/3200276&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206102320/http://www.thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/3200276&sec=nation|dead-url=yes|archive-date=6 February 2009|title=Nizar leaves fate of govt in Sultan’s hands|date=5 February 2009|accessdate=5 February 2009}}</ref> Najib in his capacity as Perak UMNO chief had an audience with Sultan Azlan Shah together with Hee, Jamaluddin and Osman. The latest Pakatan Rakyat lawmaker Nasaruddin announced his return to UMNO citing that "[He] want[s] stability in Perak."<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/3200221&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206213207/http://thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/3200221&sec=nation|dead-url=yes|archive-date=6 February 2009|title=I want to see stability in Perak, says Nasarudin|date=5 February 2009|accessdate=5 February 2009}}</ref> Najib, then sought royal consent for Barisan Nasional to form the new government.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/20090205125248&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206102203/http://www.thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/20090205125248&sec=nation|dead-url=yes|archive-date=6 February 2009|title=Najib informs Sultan BN can form govt|date=5 February 2009|accessdate=5 February 2009}}</ref>
+The deputy speaker of the state assembly from the DAP [[Hee Yit Foong]] declared herself independent on 3 February 2009 with the same terms as Jamaluddin and Osman - supporting Barisan Nasional in matters of confidence. Nizar had an audience with the [[Sultan of Perak]] [[Sultan Azlan Shah]] and requested a dissolution of the state assembly to pave way for a [[snap election]] on 4 January 2009.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/3200276&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206102320/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F2%2F5%2Fnation%2F3200276&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=6 February 2009 |title=Nizar leaves fate of govt in Sultan’s hands |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |df= }}</ref> Najib in his capacity as Perak UMNO chief had an audience with Sultan Azlan Shah together with Hee, Jamaluddin and Osman. The latest Pakatan Rakyat lawmaker Nasaruddin announced his return to UMNO citing that "[He] want[s] stability in Perak."<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/3200221&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206213207/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F2%2F5%2Fnation%2F3200221&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=6 February 2009 |title=I want to see stability in Perak, says Nasarudin |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |df= }}</ref> Najib, then sought royal consent for Barisan Nasional to form the new government.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/20090205125248&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206102203/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F2%2F5%2Fnation%2F20090205125248&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=6 February 2009 |title=Najib informs Sultan BN can form govt |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |df= }}</ref>
 An almost similar scenario occurred in the state of [[Sabah]] following the [[Sabah state election, 1994|1994 state election]] whereby [[Parti Bersatu Sabah]] (PBS) won 25 seats against 23 won by Barisan Nasional. Defections by representatives of PBS into Barisan Nasional gave the latter the requisite majority to form government in Sabah.<ref>{{citation|publisher=The Nut Graph|title=When defections felled Sabah|date=6 February 2009|author=Yasmin Masidi|url=http://www.thenutgraph.com/when-defections-felled-sabah|accessdate=4 December 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100113124217/http://thenutgraph.com/when-defections-felled-sabah| archivedate= 13 January 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 ==New state government==
-The Sultan Azlan Shah announced his decision to refuse Nizar's request for a dissolution of the state assembly and asked Nizar and his cabinet to resign, citing his discretion under Article XVIII (2)(b) of the [[Perak State Constitution]]<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/NewsBreak/20090205181455/Article/index_html |title=PERAK IN CRISIS: How the Perak palace worded the PR State Government's dismissal |author=Bernama |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206061012/http://nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/NewsBreak/20090205181455/Article/index_html |archivedate=6 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/Frontpage/20090205103406/Article/index_html |title=PERAK IN CRISIS: Sultan tells Nizar, Exco to resign |author=NST Newsdesk |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206054909/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/Frontpage/20090205103406/Article/index_html |archivedate=6 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref> after being satisfied that Nizar no longer commanded the support of the majority in the house of assembly.<ref name="The Star Malaysia"/><ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/20090205093949&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206102156/http://www.thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/20090205093949&sec=nation|dead-url=yes|archive-date=6 February 2009|title=Perak drama: PM leaves at Istana|date=5 February 2009|accessdate=5 February 2009}}</ref> DAP advisor, [[Lim Kit Siang]], charged that the sultan was obliged to act on the advice of the Menteri Besar and call fresh elections, citing Article 16(6) of the [[Perak State Constitution]].<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/NewsBreak/20090205195545/Article/index_html |title=PERAK IN CRISIS: PR must continue as state government unless BN gets no-confidence vote: Kit |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206143858/http://nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/NewsBreak/20090205195545/Article/index_html |archivedate=6 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref>
+The Sultan Azlan Shah announced his decision to refuse Nizar's request for a dissolution of the state assembly and asked Nizar and his cabinet to resign, citing his discretion under Article XVIII (2)(b) of the [[Perak State Constitution]]<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/NewsBreak/20090205181455/Article/index_html |title=PERAK IN CRISIS: How the Perak palace worded the PR State Government's dismissal |author=Bernama |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206061012/http://nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/NewsBreak/20090205181455/Article/index_html |archivedate=6 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/Frontpage/20090205103406/Article/index_html |title=PERAK IN CRISIS: Sultan tells Nizar, Exco to resign |author=NST Newsdesk |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206054909/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/Frontpage/20090205103406/Article/index_html |archivedate=6 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref> after being satisfied that Nizar no longer commanded the support of the majority in the house of assembly.<ref name="The Star Malaysia"/><ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/20090205093949&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206102156/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F2%2F5%2Fnation%2F20090205093949&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=6 February 2009 |title=Perak drama: PM leaves at Istana |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |df= }}</ref> DAP advisor, [[Lim Kit Siang]], charged that the sultan was obliged to act on the advice of the Menteri Besar and call fresh elections, citing Article 16(6) of the [[Perak State Constitution]].<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/NewsBreak/20090205195545/Article/index_html |title=PERAK IN CRISIS: PR must continue as state government unless BN gets no-confidence vote: Kit |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206143858/http://nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/NewsBreak/20090205195545/Article/index_html |archivedate=6 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref>
-Nizar refused to resign and asked the sultan to reconsider and dissolve the assembly, citing reasons of democracy, with backing from leaders of Pakatan Rakyat.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/Frontpage/20090205103406/Article/index_html |title=PERAK IN CRISIS: PR not rejecting Sultan's orders, merely pleading for dissolution of state assembly |author=David Yeow |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206054909/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/Frontpage/20090205103406/Article/index_html |archivedate=6 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref> The police cordoned off the state secretariat building and demanded Nizar's cabinet to vacate the building.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/20090205185054&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206153844/http://thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/20090205185054&sec=nation|dead-url=yes|archive-date=6 February 2009|title=Perak: Police take over state building|date=5 February 2009|accessdate=5 February 2009}}</ref> Later in the evening, the sultan asked [[Zambry Abdul Kadir]] to form the next government, removed Nizar from the office of Menteri Besar and swore in Zambry as the new First Minister on 6 February 2009.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Thursday/Frontpage/20090205172202/Article/index_html |title=Zambry Kadir to be sworn in as new Perak MB tomorrow, says PM; PR defying Sultan's ruling, insists on dissolution or no-confidence vote |author=NST Newsdesk |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217224731/http://www.nst.com.my/Thursday/Frontpage/20090205172202/Article/index_html |archivedate=17 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref>
+Nizar refused to resign and asked the sultan to reconsider and dissolve the assembly, citing reasons of democracy, with backing from leaders of Pakatan Rakyat.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/Frontpage/20090205103406/Article/index_html |title=PERAK IN CRISIS: PR not rejecting Sultan's orders, merely pleading for dissolution of state assembly |author=David Yeow |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206054909/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/Frontpage/20090205103406/Article/index_html |archivedate=6 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref> The police cordoned off the state secretariat building and demanded Nizar's cabinet to vacate the building.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/5/nation/20090205185054&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206153844/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F2%2F5%2Fnation%2F20090205185054&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=6 February 2009 |title=Perak: Police take over state building |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |df= }}</ref> Later in the evening, the sultan asked [[Zambry Abdul Kadir]] to form the next government, removed Nizar from the office of Menteri Besar and swore in Zambry as the new First Minister on 6 February 2009.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Thursday/Frontpage/20090205172202/Article/index_html |title=Zambry Kadir to be sworn in as new Perak MB tomorrow, says PM; PR defying Sultan's ruling, insists on dissolution or no-confidence vote |author=NST Newsdesk |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=5 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217224731/http://www.nst.com.my/Thursday/Frontpage/20090205172202/Article/index_html |archivedate=17 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref>
-On the morning of 6 February 2009, Nizar and his exco members returned to the Menteri Besar's office to find that their offices had been cleared. Nizar held a press conference in the office premises along with his exco, but they were promptly ordered to leave by the state secretary<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/NewsBreak/20090206175104/Article/index_html |title=Mohamad Nizar escorted out of Menteri Besar’s office |author=Bernama |date=6 February 2009 |accessdate=6 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207061534/http://nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/NewsBreak/20090206175104/Article/index_html |archivedate=7 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref> on grounds that they had breached an earlier agreement to only take his personal belongings. Nizar was escorted out of the office by the police 45 minutes later.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/Frontpage/20090206192749/Article/index_html |title=Nizar was allowed in MB’s office to take personal belongings only, says state secretary |author=Bernama |date=6 February 2009 |accessdate=6 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207234458/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/Frontpage/20090206192749/Article/index_html |archivedate=7 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref> Some members of the Bar Council defended the sultan's decision saying that His Majesty had acted within the state constitutional provisions<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/National/2472481/Article/index_html |title=Nizar has no choice but to resign, says Bar Council head |date=6 February 2009 |accessdate=6 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207013947/http://nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/National/2472481/Article/index_html |archivedate=7 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/6/nation/3206266&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207033145/http://thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/6/nation/3206266&sec=nation|dead-url=yes|archive-date=7 February 2009|title=Bar: Don’t challenge Sultan’s decision|date=6 February 2009|accessdate=6 February 2009}}</ref> while [[Malaysian Information Ministry|Information Minister]] [[Ahmad Shabery Cheek]] claimed that Nizar's refusal to resign was act of treason.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/NewsBreak/20090205210716/Article/index_html |title=PERAK IN CRISIS: Nizar's refusal to step down an 'act of treason': Shabery Cheek |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=6 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206143903/http://nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/NewsBreak/20090205210716/Article/index_html |archivedate=6 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref>
+On the morning of 6 February 2009, Nizar and his exco members returned to the Menteri Besar's office to find that their offices had been cleared. Nizar held a press conference in the office premises along with his exco, but they were promptly ordered to leave by the state secretary<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/NewsBreak/20090206175104/Article/index_html |title=Mohamad Nizar escorted out of Menteri Besar’s office |author=Bernama |date=6 February 2009 |accessdate=6 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207061534/http://nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/NewsBreak/20090206175104/Article/index_html |archivedate=7 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref> on grounds that they had breached an earlier agreement to only take his personal belongings. Nizar was escorted out of the office by the police 45 minutes later.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/Frontpage/20090206192749/Article/index_html |title=Nizar was allowed in MB’s office to take personal belongings only, says state secretary |author=Bernama |date=6 February 2009 |accessdate=6 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207234458/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/Frontpage/20090206192749/Article/index_html |archivedate=7 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref> Some members of the Bar Council defended the sultan's decision saying that His Majesty had acted within the state constitutional provisions<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/National/2472481/Article/index_html |title=Nizar has no choice but to resign, says Bar Council head |date=6 February 2009 |accessdate=6 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207013947/http://nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/National/2472481/Article/index_html |archivedate=7 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/6/nation/3206266&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207033145/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F2%2F6%2Fnation%2F3206266&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=7 February 2009 |title=Bar: Don’t challenge Sultan’s decision |date=6 February 2009 |accessdate=6 February 2009 |df= }}</ref> while [[Malaysian Information Ministry|Information Minister]] [[Ahmad Shabery Cheek]] claimed that Nizar's refusal to resign was act of treason.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/NewsBreak/20090205210716/Article/index_html |title=PERAK IN CRISIS: Nizar's refusal to step down an 'act of treason': Shabery Cheek |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=6 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206143903/http://nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/NewsBreak/20090205210716/Article/index_html |archivedate=6 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref>
-Zambry was sworn in as the new Menteri Besar of Perak at 4.08pm that day. The ceremony was attended by members of the Barisan Nasional, including Najib, who arrived in the royal palace, [[Istana Iskandariah]], [[Kuala Kangsar]] under heavy security. Supporters of the Pakatan Rakyat amassed in large number outside the palace to protest the swearing in of Zambry.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[Malay Mail]]|url=http://www.mmail.com.my/Showdown_expected_in_Royal_town.aspx|title=Showdown expected in Royal town|author1=Yushaimi Yahaya |author2=Frankie D'Cruz |author3=Zainal Epi |author4=Kharleez Zubin |author5=Francis C. Nantha |date=6 February 2009|accessdate=6 February 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090207050751/http://mmail.com.my/Showdown_expected_in_Royal_town.aspx| archivedate= 7 February 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/Frontpage/20090206110317/Article/index_html |title=Zambry is new Perak MB |author=NST Newsdesk |date=6 February 2009 |accessdate=6 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207014142/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/Frontpage/20090206110317/Article/index_html |archivedate=7 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref> Anwar Ibrahim challenged the legitimacy of Zambry's appointment by stating that Nizar still remains the Menteri Besar, as guaranteed by the state constitutional provisions, while Nizar continued his call for a motion of no confidence to be held in the assembly sitting before he steps down.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/6/nation/20090206170512&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207033139/http://thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/6/nation/20090206170512&sec=nation|dead-url=yes|archive-date=7 February 2009|title=Nizar refuses to step down as Perak MB (Updated)|date=6 February 2009|accessdate=6 February 2009}}</ref> Nizar called for the resignation of Zambry and stated his desire to file an application at the High Court and declare his appointment as unconstitutional.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/6/nation/20090206100717&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207033721/http://thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/6/nation/20090206100717&sec=nation|dead-url=yes|archive-date=7 February 2009|title=Perak Update: Nizar wants Dr Zambry removed|date=6 February 2009|accessdate=6 February 2009}}</ref> Nizar and other members of the Pakatan administration returned to the Menteri Besar official residence on 7 February and went ahead with approving three new policies in Perak.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Saturday/Frontpage/20090207135438/Article/index_html |title=Nizar holds Exco meeting, approves three new policies |author=NST Newsdesk |date=7 February 2009 |accessdate=7 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208104726/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Saturday/Frontpage/20090207135438/Article/index_html |archivedate=8 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref>
+Zambry was sworn in as the new Menteri Besar of Perak at 4.08pm that day. The ceremony was attended by members of the Barisan Nasional, including Najib, who arrived in the royal palace, [[Istana Iskandariah]], [[Kuala Kangsar]] under heavy security. Supporters of the Pakatan Rakyat amassed in large number outside the palace to protest the swearing in of Zambry.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[Malay Mail]]|url=http://www.mmail.com.my/Showdown_expected_in_Royal_town.aspx|title=Showdown expected in Royal town|author1=Yushaimi Yahaya |author2=Frankie D'Cruz |author3=Zainal Epi |author4=Kharleez Zubin |author5=Francis C. Nantha |date=6 February 2009|accessdate=6 February 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090207050751/http://mmail.com.my/Showdown_expected_in_Royal_town.aspx| archivedate= 7 February 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/Frontpage/20090206110317/Article/index_html |title=Zambry is new Perak MB |author=NST Newsdesk |date=6 February 2009 |accessdate=6 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207014142/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/Frontpage/20090206110317/Article/index_html |archivedate=7 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref> Anwar Ibrahim challenged the legitimacy of Zambry's appointment by stating that Nizar still remains the Menteri Besar, as guaranteed by the state constitutional provisions, while Nizar continued his call for a motion of no confidence to be held in the assembly sitting before he steps down.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/6/nation/20090206170512&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207033139/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F2%2F6%2Fnation%2F20090206170512&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=7 February 2009 |title=Nizar refuses to step down as Perak MB (Updated) |date=6 February 2009 |accessdate=6 February 2009 |df= }}</ref> Nizar called for the resignation of Zambry and stated his desire to file an application at the High Court and declare his appointment as unconstitutional.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/6/nation/20090206100717&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207033721/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F2%2F6%2Fnation%2F20090206100717&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=7 February 2009 |title=Perak Update: Nizar wants Dr Zambry removed |date=6 February 2009 |accessdate=6 February 2009 |df= }}</ref> Nizar and other members of the Pakatan administration returned to the Menteri Besar official residence on 7 February and went ahead with approving three new policies in Perak.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Saturday/Frontpage/20090207135438/Article/index_html |title=Nizar holds Exco meeting, approves three new policies |author=NST Newsdesk |date=7 February 2009 |accessdate=7 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208104726/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Saturday/Frontpage/20090207135438/Article/index_html |archivedate=8 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }} </ref>
 ==Litigation==
-DAP chairman and [[Bukit Gelugor]] MP [[Karpal Singh]] issued a notice that he will file a lawsuit against the sultan and the new Barisan Nasional state government for acting beyond the state Constitution. Since the Election Commission had ruled that there was doubt over the vacancy of the state seats of Changkat Jering and Behrang (held by Osman Jailu and Jamaluddin Mohd Radzi respectively) after the pre-signed letters submitted by Assembly Speaker V. Sivakumar in relation to their resignation were contradicted by denials from both assemblymen, it triggered the provision of Article 33 (1).  The provision stated that "if any question arises whether a member of the state Legislative Assembly has become disqualified for membership, the decision of the assembly shall be taken and shall be final".<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Sun2Surf|url=http://www.thesundaily.com/article.cfm?id=29893|title=Karpal to file law suit against Perak Sultan|date=6 February 2009|accessdate=6 February 2009}}</ref> Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin also filed an application at the High Court to declare the swearing in of Zambry Abdul Kadir as unconstitutional and illegal.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=The Star Online|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/6/nation/20090206211134&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207113318/http://thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/6/nation/20090206211134&sec=nation|dead-url=yes|archive-date=7 February 2009|title=Nizar: Dr Zambry’s appointment is illegal|date=6 February 2009|accessdate=6 February 2009}}</ref>
+DAP chairman and [[Bukit Gelugor]] MP [[Karpal Singh]] issued a notice that he will file a lawsuit against the sultan and the new Barisan Nasional state government for acting beyond the state Constitution. Since the Election Commission had ruled that there was doubt over the vacancy of the state seats of Changkat Jering and Behrang (held by Osman Jailu and Jamaluddin Mohd Radzi respectively) after the pre-signed letters submitted by Assembly Speaker V. Sivakumar in relation to their resignation were contradicted by denials from both assemblymen, it triggered the provision of Article 33 (1).  The provision stated that "if any question arises whether a member of the state Legislative Assembly has become disqualified for membership, the decision of the assembly shall be taken and shall be final".<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Sun2Surf|url=http://www.thesundaily.com/article.cfm?id=29893|title=Karpal to file law suit against Perak Sultan|date=6 February 2009|accessdate=6 February 2009}}</ref> Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin also filed an application at the High Court to declare the swearing in of Zambry Abdul Kadir as unconstitutional and illegal.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=The Star Online |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/2/6/nation/20090206211134&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207113318/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F2%2F6%2Fnation%2F20090206211134&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=7 February 2009 |title=Nizar: Dr Zambry’s appointment is illegal |date=6 February 2009 |accessdate=6 February 2009 |df= }}</ref>
 == Assembly below a tree ==
@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 On 11 May 2009, the [[High Courts of Malaysia|High Court]] of [[Kuala Lumpur]] ruled that, since there had been no [[vote of no confidence]] in the state assembly, the Barisan Nasional takeover was "illegal" and the Pakatan Rakyat's Mohd Nizar Jamaluddin still held office.<ref name="reuters">{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSKLR437912 |work=Reuters |title=Malaysia court rules opposition runs Perak state |first=David |last=Chance |date=11 May 2009 |accessdate=11 May 2009 <!--DASHBot--> |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515005134/http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSKLR437912 |archivedate=15 May 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref>  The opposition is expected to call for fresh elections, while the ruling party has vowed to appeal.<ref name="reuters"/>
-The Regent of Perak [[Raja Nazrin Shah]] has agreed to see Datuk Seri Nizar Jamaluddin on his request for dissolution of the Perak state legislature and the call for a fresh election.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/26145-raja-nazrin-agrees-to-meet-nizar |title=Raja Nazrin agrees to meet Nizar |publisher=Malaysian Insider |date=11 May 2009 |accessdate=11 May 2009 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5iprAeqlD?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysianinsider.com%2Findex.php%2Fmalaysia%2F26145-raja-nazrin-agrees-to-meet-nizar |archivedate=6 August 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref>
+The Regent of Perak [[Raja Nazrin Shah]] has agreed to see Datuk Seri Nizar Jamaluddin on his request for dissolution of the Perak state legislature and the call for a fresh election.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/26145-raja-nazrin-agrees-to-meet-nizar |title=Raja Nazrin agrees to meet Nizar |publisher=Malaysian Insider |date=11 May 2009 |accessdate=11 May 2009 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5iprAeqlD?url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/26145-raja-nazrin-agrees-to-meet-nizar |archivedate=6 August 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref>
-The night of 11 May, the Pakatan Rakyat Perak executive council met and dismissed the state secretary and state legal adviser. Nizar announced his executive council would report for work the next day, and asserted that the 7 May sitting of the state assembly was invalid because it had been called by Zambry. By implication, this would prevent the Barisan-appointed Speaker from convening a new sitting of the state assembly.<ref>{{cite news | first=Shannon | last=Teoh | title=Perak MB suspends state secretary, legal advisor | date=12 May 2009 | publisher= | url =http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/26161-nizar-suspends-state-secretary-legal-advisor- | work =The Malaysian Insider | pages = | accessdate = 12 May 2009 | language = | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090512162948/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/26161-nizar-suspends-state-secretary-legal-advisor-| archivedate= 12 May 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
+The night of 11 May, the Pakatan Rakyat Perak executive council met and dismissed the state secretary and state legal adviser. Nizar announced his executive council would report for work the next day, and asserted that the 7 May sitting of the state assembly was invalid because it had been called by Zambry. By implication, this would prevent the Barisan-appointed Speaker from convening a new sitting of the state assembly.<ref>{{cite news|first=Shannon |last=Teoh |title=Perak MB suspends state secretary, legal advisor |date=12 May 2009 |publisher= |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/26161-nizar-suspends-state-secretary-legal-advisor- |work=The Malaysian Insider |pages= |accessdate=12 May 2009 |language= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512162948/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/26161-nizar-suspends-state-secretary-legal-advisor- |archivedate=12 May 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
-On 12 May, Zambry filed his appeal at the Court of Appeal, which granted him a [[stay of execution]] on the court ruling, allowing him to retain the post of Menteri Besar until his appeal is heard.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/5/12/nation/20090512080820&sec=nation|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090515100359/http://www.thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2009/5/12/nation/20090512080820&sec=nation|dead-url= yes|archive-date= 15 May 2009|title=Perak crisis: Stay of execution granted; Zambry to resume duties|publisher=TheStar Online| date= 12 May 2009| accessdate=12 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/SE%2BAsia/Story/STIStory_376113.html|title=Court lets BN reclaim post |publisher=The Straits Times| date= 13 May 2009| accessdate=13 May 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090517012911/http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking+News/SE+Asia/Story/STIStory_376113.html| archivedate= 17 May 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= yes}}</ref>
+On 12 May, Zambry filed his appeal at the Court of Appeal, which granted him a [[stay of execution]] on the court ruling, allowing him to retain the post of Menteri Besar until his appeal is heard.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/5/12/nation/20090512080820&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515100359/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F5%2F12%2Fnation%2F20090512080820&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=15 May 2009 |title=Perak crisis: Stay of execution granted; Zambry to resume duties |publisher=TheStar Online |date=12 May 2009 |accessdate=12 May 2009 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/SE%2BAsia/Story/STIStory_376113.html |title=Court lets BN reclaim post |publisher=The Straits Times |date=13 May 2009 |accessdate=13 May 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517012911/http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/SE%2BAsia/Story/STIStory_376113.html |archivedate=17 May 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
 ==Overturning of the High Court verdict==
-The Court of Appeal overturned the High Court decision and held that Zambry the lawful Menteri Besar. The Court of Appeal's verdict was upheld by the Federal Court with a 5-0 verdict in February 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/2/10/nation/5649677&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212080647/http://thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2010/2/10/nation/5649677&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=12 February 2010 |title=5-0 for BN’s Zambry |date=10 February 2010 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |accessdate=4 February 2011 }}</ref>
+The Court of Appeal overturned the High Court decision and held that Zambry the lawful Menteri Besar. The Court of Appeal's verdict was upheld by the Federal Court with a 5-0 verdict in February 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/2/10/nation/5649677&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212080647/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F2%2F10%2Fnation%2F5649677&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=12 February 2010 |title=5-0 for BN’s Zambry |date=10 February 2010 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |accessdate=4 February 2011 |df= }}</ref>
 The constitutional crisis came to an indefinite end with Pakatan leaders having no choice but to obey the ruling. As a result, no fresh election was called and Zambry continues as Menteri Besar while Nizar became the opposition leader.
@@ Line 71: / Line 71: @@
 On 2 March 2009, the president of the Malaysian Bar Council, [[Ambiga Sreenevasan]] remarked that the Institution of the Perak and its constitution are breaking down.<ref name="Ambiga"/> She also mentioned that the secretary of state does not have the power to interfere in the affair of the assembly nor does the police, while the speaker has the very rights within the constitution to exercise his power to call for an emergency sitting of the state assembly.<ref name="Ambiga">{{cite news |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/19501-institutions-breaking-down-says-bar-council |title=Institutions breaking down, says Bar Council  |publisher=The Malaysian Insider  |date=2 March 2009  |accessdate=2 March 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090303124553/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/19501-institutions-breaking-down-says-bar-council| archivedate= 3 March 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> She was also quoted saying “Our institutions, that is the courts, the police, et cetera, are being tested and we can judge for ourselves whether they are acting independently or not.”<ref name="Ambiga"/>
-[[Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah]], an UMNO politician veteran agreed with Pakatan MB to dissolve the state legislative and call for fresh state elections to resolve the political stalemate in Perak.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/5/12/nation/20090512110624&sec=nation|title=Dissolve state assembly, Ku Li urges Sultan |publisher=TheStar Online  | date= 12 May 2009|accessdate=12 May 2009|author=SYED AZHAR <!-- BOT GENERATED AUTHOR -->|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5ips5N73p?url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file%3D/2009/5/12/nation/20090512110624%26sec%3Dnation|archivedate=6 August 2009|deadurl=no}}</ref>
+[[Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah]], an UMNO politician veteran agreed with Pakatan MB to dissolve the state legislative and call for fresh state elections to resolve the political stalemate in Perak.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/5/12/nation/20090512110624&sec=nation |title=Dissolve state assembly, Ku Li urges Sultan |publisher=TheStar Online |date=12 May 2009 |accessdate=12 May 2009 |author=SYED AZHAR |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5ips5N73p?url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F5%2F12%2Fnation%2F20090512110624&sec=nation |archivedate=6 August 2009 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
-The Human Rights Commission (Suhakam) has joined the ever increasing chorus calling for fresh state elections to resolve the political stalemate in Perak.<ref>{{cite web|title=Suhakam calls for state election - Malaysiakini <!-- BOT GENERATED TITLE --> |url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/104149 |work= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5iprEOHWa?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F104149 |archivedate=6 August 2009 |deadurl=no |accessdate=1 August 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref>
+The Human Rights Commission (Suhakam) has joined the ever increasing chorus calling for fresh state elections to resolve the political stalemate in Perak.<ref>{{cite web|title=Suhakam calls for state election - Malaysiakini |url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/104149 |work= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5iprEOHWa?url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/104149 |archivedate=6 August 2009 |deadurl=no |accessdate=1 August 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref>
-Hardial Singh Khaira, a legal researcher, has done a full research on the ''The Dismissal and Appointment of Menteri Besars in Perak'' before any judgment was delivered on the Perak constitutional crisis by any Malaysian court and the full article can be viewed online.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Perak Constitutional Crisis <!-- BOT GENERATED TITLE --> |url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/15226898/The-Perak-Constitutional-Crisis |work= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5ipsAOZAz?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F15226898%2FThe-Perak-Constitutional-Crisis |archivedate=6 August 2009 |deadurl=no |accessdate=1 August 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref>
+Hardial Singh Khaira, a legal researcher, has done a full research on the ''The Dismissal and Appointment of Menteri Besars in Perak'' before any judgment was delivered on the Perak constitutional crisis by any Malaysian court and the full article can be viewed online.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Perak Constitutional Crisis |url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/15226898/The-Perak-Constitutional-Crisis |work= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5ipsAOZAz?url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/15226898/The-Perak-Constitutional-Crisis |archivedate=6 August 2009 |deadurl=no |accessdate=1 August 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref>
 ==References==

v t e Protests in Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur	1946–47 anti-Malayan Union protests 1947 All-Malaya Hartal 1967 Keranda 152 rally 1969 Malaysian students pre-election demonstrations 13 May 1969 riots 1969 PMUM Anti-Tunku demonstrations 1970 PMUM vs PBMUM Papan Tanda demonstrations 1971 Malaysian constitutional crisis 1983 Malaysian constitutional crisis 1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis 1993 Malaysian constitutional crisis 1998–2000s Reformasi demonstrations 2001 Kampung Medan riots 2007 BERSIH 1.0 rally 2007 HINDRAF rally 2008 Black 14 rally 2008 Malaysian fuel hike protests 2009 Keranda 152 rally 2009 anti-ISA rally 2009 anti-Menteri Besar Terengganu rally 2010 Water for People rally 2011 anti-Peaceful Assembly Act rally 2011 BERSIH 2.0 rally Occupy Dataran 2012 Free Anwar 901 rally 2012 BERSIH 3.0 rally 2012 anti-Lynas rally 2013 anti-Jamalul Kiram III infiltration protests 2013 KL 112, People’s Uprising rally 2013 Blackout 505 rallies 2013 Ops Turun, anti-price hike rally 2014 Red Pencil protest 2014 May Day anti-GST rally 2015 Rakyat Hakim Negara rally 2015 Kita Lawan, May Day anti-GST rally 2015 #TangkapNajib rally 2015 Low Yat Plaza riot 2015 BERSIH 4.0 rally 2015 United People's rally 2015 Shutdown Sungai Besi rally 2016 anti-TPPA rally 2016 Keranda 152 rally 2016 Muafakat Selamatkan Malaysia rally 2016 Hancur GST, Undur Najib, Undur Rosmah, Bebas Anwar, Hidup Rakyat rally 2016 BERSIH 5.0 rally 2018 anti-ICERD rally September 2019 climate strikes 2021 Lawan protests
Perak	2009 Perak constitutional crisis 2009 1BLACKMalaysia protests
Penang	1867 Penang riots 1967 Penang Hartal riot
Sarawak	1946–50 anti-cession movement of Sarawak 1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis Sarawak rainforest blockades 2015 Sarawak for Sarawakians rally
Sabah	1986 Sabah riots
Other	1963 anti-Indonesia infiltration demonstrations 1964 race riots in Singapore 1967 Teluk Gong demonstrations 1974 Baling demonstrations 1974 Tasek Utara, Johor demonstrations 1977 Kelantan riots 1985 Memali riots 1993 Sultan of Kelantan demonstrations 1998 Kampung Rawa riots 2007 Terengganu riot 2009 cow's head protests 2009 anti-PPSMI rally 2011 Gathering of a Million Faithful 2012 Orange rally 2012 Green Rally to Putrajaya 2012 People's Lands rally 2015 Taman Medan anti-cross protest 2015 Penang villagers protests 2018 Seafield temple riots
Student activism in Malaysia The Big Durian (2003 film) Sepuluh Tahun Sebelum Merdeka (2007 film) Malaysian Gods (2009 film) Tanda Putera (2013 film)