Patrilineality: Difference between revisions
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==In the Bible== |
==In the Bible== |
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In the Bible the family membership and tribe membership is through the fathers |
In the Bible the family membership and tribe membership is through the fathers. For example, a person is considered to be a Jew if his father is a Jew, and the members of all the twelve tribes are called Israelites because their father is Israel ([[Jacob]]). Because of this they are called the "chosen people" (not the "chosen religion") by virtue of being "sons of Israel", that is, the biological male descendants of Israel, their "father" in the sense of lineal male ancestor. |
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And all the tribes are called Israelites because their father is Israel ([[Jacob]]). Because of this they are called the "chosen people" (not the "chosen religion") by virtue of being "sons of Israel", that is, the biological male descendants of Israel, their "father" in the sense of lineal male ancestor. |
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==Agnatic succession== |
==Agnatic succession== |
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Revision as of 02:52, 3 July 2017
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| Anthropology of kinship |
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Social anthropology Cultural anthropology |
Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side,[1] or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through his or her father's lineage. It generally involves the inheritance of property, rights, names, or titles by persons related through male kin.
A patriline ("father line") is a person's father, and additional ancestors, as traced only through males.
In the Bible
In the Bible the family membership and tribe membership is through the fathers. For example, a person is considered to be a Jew if his father is a Jew, and the members of all the twelve tribes are called Israelites because their father is Israel (Jacob). Because of this they are called the "chosen people" (not the "chosen religion") by virtue of being "sons of Israel", that is, the biological male descendants of Israel, their "father" in the sense of lineal male ancestor.
Agnatic succession
Patrilineal or agnatic succession gives priority to or restricts inheritance of a throne or fief to heirs, male or female, descended from the original title holder through males only. Traditionally, agnatic succession is applied in determining the names and membership of European dynasties. The prevalent forms of dynastic succession in Europe, Asia and parts of Africa (but see the Rain Queen) were male-preference primogeniture, agnatic primogeniture or agnatic seniority until after World War II.
By the 21st century most ongoing European monarchies had replaced their traditional agnatic succession with absolute primogeniture, meaning that the first child born to a monarch inherits the throne, regardless of the child's sex.
Salic Law
Variations of the Salic Law, generally understood in modern times to mean exclusion of women as hereditary monarchs, restricted succession to thrones and inheritance of fiefs or land to men in parts of medieval and later Europe. Once common,[citation needed] strict Salic inheritance has been officially revoked in all extant European monarchies except the Principality of Liechtenstein. However it still prevails in the transmission of most[citation needed] European titles of nobility, notably excepting Spain.
Genetic genealogy
The fact that human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) is paternally inherited enables patrilines, and agnatic kinships, of men to be traced through genetic analysis.
Y-chromosomal Adam (Y-MRCA) is the patrilineal most recent common ancestor from whom all Y-DNA in living men is descended. An identification of a very rare and previously unknown Y-chromosome variant in 2012 led researchers to estimate that Y-chromosomal Adam lived 338,000 years ago (237,000 to 581,000 years ago with 95% confidence), judging from molecular clock and genetic marker studies.[2] Before this discovery, estimates of the date when Y-chromosomal Adam lived were much more recent, estimated to be tens of thousands of years.
See also
- Agnatic seniority
- Derbfine
- Family name, including Patrilineal surnames around the world.
- Hypodescent
- Hyperdescent
- Matrilineality
- Matriname
- Patrilineal descent of Elizabeth II—an example.
- Patrilocal residence
- Y chromosome
Notes and references
- ^ "spear side". Dictionary.com.
- ^ Mendez, Fernando; Krahn, Thomas; Schrack, Bonnie; Krahn, Astrid-Maria; Veeramah, Krishna; Woerner, August; Fomine, Forka Leypey Mathew; Bradman, Neil; Thomas, Mark; Karafet, Tatiana; Hammer, Michael (2013). "An African American Paternal Lineage Adds an Extremely Ancient Root to the Human Y Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 92 (3): 454–9. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.02.002. PMC 3591855. PMID 23453668.
External links
