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| 2016–present || ''[[Queen Sugar]]'' || Creator, executive producer, writer and director ||
| 2016–present || ''[[Queen Sugar]]'' || Creator, executive producer, writer and director ||
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| 2016 || ''[[13th (film)|13th]]'' || Director/Writer || Documentary
| 2016 || ''[[13th (film)|13th]]'' || Director/Writer/Producer || Documentary
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| 2014 || ''[[Selma (film)|Selma]]'' || Director/Co-writer ||
| 2014 || ''[[Selma (film)|Selma]]'' || Director/Executive Producer ||
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| 2013 || ''[[Scandal (TV series)|Scandal]]'' || Director || Episode: "[[Vermont is For Lovers, Too]]"
| 2013 || ''[[Scandal (TV series)|Scandal]]'' || Director || Episode: "[[Vermont is For Lovers, Too]]"

Revision as of 16:11, 12 December 2017

Ava DuVernay
DuVernay in 2015
Born
Ava Marie DuVernay

(1972-08-24) August 24, 1972 (age 51)
Long Beach, California, United States
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUCLA
OccupationFilmmaker
Notable workSelma, 13th
Websitewww.avaduvernay.com

Ava Marie DuVernay (/ˈeɪvə ˌdjuːvərˈneɪ/; born August 24, 1972) is an American director, screenwriter, film marketer, and film distributor. At the 2012 Sundance Film Festival, DuVernay won the Best Director Prize for her second feature film Middle of Nowhere,[1] becoming the first African-American woman to win the award.[2] For her work in Selma (2014), DuVernay was the first black female director to be nominated for a Golden Globe Award.[3][4] With Selma, she was also the first black female director to have her film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. In 2017, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for her film 13th (2016).

DuVernay's next film, A Wrinkle in Time, reportedly has a budget exceeding $100 million, making DuVernay the first black woman to direct a live-action film with a budget of that size.[5]

Early life

DuVernay was born in Long Beach, California. She was raised by her mother, Darlene, an educator, and her stepfather, Murray Maye.[6] The surname of her biological father, Joseph Marcel DuVernay III, originates with Louisiana Creole ancestry; he is also descended from emigrants from Haiti of the late 1700s.[7] She grew up in Lynwood, California (near Compton)[8] and graduated in 1990 from Saint Joseph High School in Lakewood.[9] At the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), she was a double major in English and African-American studies.[6][10][11]

During her summer vacations, she would travel to the childhood home of her stepfather, which was not far from Selma, Alabama.[12] DuVernay said that these summers influenced the making of Selma, as her father saw the Selma to Montgomery marches as a small child.[13]

Career

Her first interest was in journalism, a choice influenced by an internship with CBS News, where she was assigned to help cover the O.J. Simpson murder trial.[10] She became disillusioned with journalism however, and decided to move into public relations, eventually opening her own public relations firm, The DuVernay Agency.[6][10][14][15]

Film

DuVernay made her feature directorial debut in 2008 with the documentary This Is the Life, a history of LA's Good Life Cafe's arts movement. DuVernay began with documentaries because they can be done on a smaller budget than a feature film, and she could learn the trade while doing so.[16]

In 2011, DuVernay's first narrative feature film, I Will Follow, a drama starring Salli Richardson-Whitfield, was released theatrically. DuVernay's aunt Denise Sexton was the inspiration for the film.[17] The film cost DuVernay $50,000 and was made in 14 days.[15] Roger Ebert called it "one of the best films I've seen about coming to terms with the death of a loved one."[18][19] I Will Follow was an official selection of AFI Fest, Pan-African Film Festival, Urbanworld and Chicago International Film Festival.

In the summer of 2011, DuVernay began production on her second feature film, Middle of Nowhere. The film was acquired by AFFRM and Participant Media at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival, where it played in U.S. Dramatic Competition and garnered the Best Director Award for DuVernay, the first African-American woman to ever win the prize. DuVernay also won the Independent Spirit John Cassavetes Award for her work on the film.

ESPN commissioned DuVernay to produce and direct Venus Vs., a documentary on Venus Williams' fight for equal prize money for their film series Nine for IX, which aired on July 2, 2013.[20]

In 2015, DuVernay was in consideration to direct and possibly co-write Marvel Studios' Black Panther film. She ultimately decided not to join the project.

DuVernay was commissioned by the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture to create a film for the museum's opening. August 28: A Day In The Life Of A People tells a story through events that happened on the same date over history, August 28. The 22-minute film includes Lupita Nyong'o, Don Cheadle, Regina King, David Oyelowo, Angela Bassett, Michael Ealy, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Andre Holland and Glynn Turnman. It focuses on events surrounding the murder of Emmett Till, Dr. Martin Luther King's "I Have A Dream" speech, Hurricane Katrina and the night then-senator Barack Obama accepted the Democratic nomination for president at the 2008 DNC.[21]

Duvernay with David Oyelowo and Colman Domingo in 2015

Selma

DuVernay directed Selma, a $20 million budget film produced by Plan B Entertainment, about Martin Luther King, Jr., Lyndon B. Johnson, and the 1965 Selma to Montgomery march.[22] The movie was released on December 25, 2014 to critical acclaim.[23]

For the film she did uncredited re-writes of most of the original screenwriter Paul Webb's script with an increased emphasis on King and the people of Selma as central figures.[24][25] In response to the criticisms of historians and media sources that accused her of irresponsibly rewriting history to portray her own agenda, DuVernay pointed out that the film is "not a documentary. I'm not a historian. I'm a storyteller".[26]

The film was nominated for Best Picture and Best Original Song, but not Best Director, by the Academy Awards. The lack of diversity of the Oscar nominations for 2014 was the subject of much press,[27] especially on Twitter,[28] and the film of the only person of color that was nominated for the 87th Academy Awards, Mexican director Alejandro G. Iñárritu. The award for Best Original Song went to "Glory" from Selma.[29][30]

DuVernay stated that she had not expected to be nominated so the omission didn't really bother her; rather she was hurt by actor David Oyelowo not being nominated. As to the question of racial diversity of awards, she stated that the obstacles to people of color being represented in the Academy Awards were systemic.[28]

13th

In July 2016 the New York Film Festival made the surprise announcement that 13th, a documentary directed by DuVernay, would open the festival. Until the announcement no mention of the film had been made by either DuVernay or Netflix, the film's distributor.[31] Centered on race in the United States criminal justice system, the film is titled after the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which outlawed slavery (unless as punishment for a crime). DuVernay's documentary opens with the idea that 25 percent of the people in the world who are incarcerated are incarcerated in the U.S. and argues that slavery is being effectively perpetuated in the U.S. through mass incarceration. The film features several prominent activists, politicians, and public figures such as, Angela Davis, Bryan Stevenson, Van Jones, Newt Gingrich, Cory Booker, Henry Louis Gates Jr., and others.[32]

It was released on October 7, 2016 on Netflix.[33]13th has garnered acclaim from film critics and is currently at a 97% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 69 reviews, with the critical consensus that states: "13th strikes at the heart of America's tangled racial history, offering observations as incendiary as they are calmly controlled."[34] In 2017, the film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 89th Oscars,[35] making DuVernay the first black woman to be nominated as a director by the academy in a feature category.[36]

A Wrinkle in Time

In 2010, it was announced that Disney retained film rights to adapt the novel A Wrinkle in Time.[37] Following the success of Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland, Disney announced the hire of Jeff Stockwell to write the screenplay for Cary Granat and his new Bedrock Studios. Cary Granat had previously worked with Disney on the Chronicles of Narnia and Bridge to Terabithia films.[38] On August 5, 2014, Jennifer Lee was announced as the screenwriter taking over from Stockwell, who wrote the first draft.[39][40] On February 8, 2016, it was reported that DuVernay was offered to direct the film, and she was confirmed to direct later that same month.[41][42]

A Wrinkle in Time began filming in November 2016, making DuVernay the first woman of color to direct a live-action film with a budget of over $100 million and also the second overall woman director to do so after Patty Jenkins (whom she directed Wonder Woman).[5]

Television

DuVernay directed episode 3.08 of Scandal which was called "Vermont is For Lovers, Too".[43]

In 2015, DuVernay executive produced and directed the CBS civil rights crime drama pilot For Justice starring Anika Noni Rose.[44] It was not picked up for distribution.[citation needed]

That same year DuVernay announced she would be creating and executive producing the upcoming drama series, Queen Sugar, alongside Oprah Winfrey. The drama was set to air on Oprah Winfrey Network.[45][46] In 2016, DuVernay announced that actress Rutina Wesley had been cast in the lead role.[47] The series premiered in 2016 to critical acclaim and positive reviews.[48]

Film distribution

See also: ARRAY

In 2010 DuVernay began AFFRM (the African-American Film Festival Releasing Movement) her own company to distribute films made by or focusing on black people. DuVernay refers to AFFRM as "not so much a business, but a call to action" [49]

Although building strong business foundations for films is a priority, DuVernay stresses that the driving force of the organization is activism.[50]

In 2015 the company rebranded itself under the name ARRAY, promising a new focus on women filmmakers as well.

Future projects

In 2013, she announced development on a narrative [51] feature film entitled Part of the Sky set in Compton.

In 2015, it was announced that DuVernay would be writing, producing, and directing her next project, a fictional account which will focus on the "social and environmental" aspects of Hurricane Katrina while including a love story and a murder mystery.[52] David Oyelowo, from Selma, will be part of the project.[53]

Other work

In 2010, DuVernay directed several network music documentaries, including My Mic Sounds Nice for BET Networks and the Essence Music Festival 2010 for TV One.

In 2013, DuVernay partnered with Miu Miu as part of their Women's Tales film series.[54] Her short film The Door starred actress Gabrielle Union and reunited DuVernay with her Middle of Nowhere star Emayatzy Corinealdi. The film was later presented at the 70th Venice International Film Festival.[55]

In August 2013, DuVernay released a second short film through Vimeo entitled Say Yes.[56] The film was sponsored by cosmetic brand Fashion Fair and starred Kali Hawk and Lance Gross. Julie Dash, Victoria Mahoney, Lorraine Toussaint and Issa Rae appeared as extras in the film.

In September 2013, DuVernay started a podcast series called The Call-In,[57] a series of phone conversations recorded by African-American Film Festival Releasing Movement ("AFFRM") of Black filmmakers of feature narrative and documentary work.

On March 14, 2015, DuVernay gave a keynote address[58] at the 2015 SXSW Film Festival.[59][60] In the speech, DuVernay shared that she was the seventh choice of people asked to direct Selma[61] and described her experience at the 2015 Oscars, while being an honor to be able to attend, it was just "a room in L.A."[62]

Style and themes

"Like other African American filmmakers, including pioneers of past generations, DuVernay subscribes to the ethos that art serves a social purpose, debunks demeaning and normative assumptions about black people, and renders black humanity in all manner of genres and complexity."[50] Like many black art movements before her, she continues to advocate for black empowerment and representation in the media.

Two core themes embody her line of work. First, is sustained interrogation that engages with black women's agency and subjectivity. Second, she refers to family as "site and source of resilience, memory, cultural transmission, generational continuity and dissonance, and as purveyor of all things affirming of black identity".[50]

Michael T. Martin has said "DuVernay is among the vanguard of a new generation of African American filmmakers who are the busily undeterred catalyst for what may very well be a black film renaissance in the making."[50] He further speaks of DuVernay’s mission and "call to action" which constitutes a strategy "to further and foster the black cinematic image in an organized and consistent way, and to not have to defer and ask permission to traffic our films: to be self-determining."[50]

One step towards this strategy has been her founding of the collective AFFRM.

Filmography

Year Title Role Notes
2018 A Wrinkle in Time Director
2016–present Queen Sugar Creator, executive producer, writer and director
2016 13th Director/Writer/Producer Documentary
2014 Selma Director/Executive Producer
2013 Scandal Director Episode: "Vermont is For Lovers, Too"
2013 Say Yes for Fashion Fair Director/Writer Branded Short
2013 Venus Vs. Director/Writer Television Documentary
2013 The Door for Prada Director/Writer Branded Short
2012 Middle of Nowhere Director/Writer
2010 I Will Follow Director/Writer Narrative Feature Film
2010 My Mic Sounds Nice Director/Executive Producer Television Documentary
2010 Essence Music Festival '10 Director/Writer Television Documentary
2010 Faith Through the Storm Director/Writer Television Documentary
2008 This Is the Life Director/Producer Feature Documentary
2007 Compton in C Minor Director/Producer Short Documentary
2006 Saturday Night Life Director/Writer Narrative Short

Awards, nominations, honors

  • In 2012, Variety featured Duvernay in its Women's Impact Report.
  • In June 2013, she was invited to both the director's and writer's branches of AMPAS.[63] DuVernay was only the second black woman, following Kasi Lemmons, to be invited to the director's branch.
  • Duvernay became the inaugural recipient of the Tribeca Film Institute's Heineken Affinity Award, receiving a $20,000 prize and industry support for future projects. DuVernay donated all the money to the black arthouse film collective she founded known as AFFRM.[64]
  • In June 2015, Duvernay will be honored as part of Women in Film Crystal + Lucy Awards with the Dorothy Arzner Directors Award.[65][66]
  • In April 2015 DuVernay was chosen as one of Mattel's "Sheros" of 2015. As such a custom-made one-of-a-kind Barbie in DuVernay's likeness was produced. The doll was auctioned off with the proceeds given to charity.[67] Due to high demand, a collectible version of the doll was produced and sold in December of that year.[68]
  • In 2017, DuVernay became the first black woman nominated for an Oscar for Best Documentary Feature, which she was nominated for her film 13th.[69][70]
Year Award Category Work Result
2011 African-American Film Critics Best Screenplay I Will Follow Won
2012 Black Reel Awards Best Screenplay Nominated
Best Director Nominated
NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Independent Motion Picture Nominated
Sundance Film Festival Directing Award Middle of Nowhere Won
Grand Jury Prize Nominated
Film Independent Spirit Awards Independent Spirit John Cassavetes Award Won
Humanitas Prize Sundance Film Nominated
African-American Film Critics Best Independent Film Won
Best Screenplay Won
Best Picture Nominated
Alliance of Women Film Journalists Best Woman Screenwriter Nominated
Women Film Critics Circle Josephine Baker Award Won
2013 Black Reel Awards Best Director Won
Best Screenplay Won
Best Film Nominated
Gotham Awards Best Feature Nominated
2014 Online Film Critics Society Award Best Director Selma Nominated
Black Film Critics Circle Best Director Won[71]
Central Ohio Film Critics Association Best Director Won
Breakthrough Film Artist Won
Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award Best Director Nominated
Georgia Film Critics Association Best Director Nominated
Breakthrough Award Nominated
Golden Globe Award Best Director Nominated
Alliance of Women Film Journalists Best Director Nominated
Best Woman Director Won
Female Icon of the Year Won
Critics' Choice Movie Awards Best Director Nominated
Satellite Awards Best Director Nominated
Film Independent Spirit Awards Best Director Nominated
African-American Film Critics Association Best Director Won
Black Reel Awards Black Reel Award for Best Director Won
NAACP Image Award Outstanding Director Nominated
Online Film Critics Society Best Director Nominated
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards Best Director Nominated
2016 Grammy Awards Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media Nominated
Alliance of Women Film Journalists Best Woman Director 13th Won
Outstanding Achievement by a Woman in the Film Industry Won
Black Reel Awards Best Film Nominated
Best Feature Documentary Won
Critics' Choice Documentary Awards Best Director (TV/Streaming) Won
Women Film Critics Circle Best Woman Storyteller (Screenwriting Award) Won
Courage in Filmmaking Won
2017 Academy Award Best Documentary Feature Nominated
Primetime Emmy Award Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Special Won
Outstanding Directing for Nonfiction Programming Nominated
Outstanding Writing for Nonfiction Programming Won

DuVernay Test

The DuVernay Test is the race equivalent of the Bechdel Test (for women in movies), as suggested by New York Times film critic, Manohla Dargis, in early 2016. It aims to point out the lack of people of color in Hollywood movies, through a measure of their importance to a particular movie or the lack of a gratuitous link to white actors.[72] It is named for African-American film director Ava DuVernay.

Nadia Latif and Leila Latif of The Guardian have suggested a series of five questions:

  • Are there two named characters of color?
  • Do they have dialogue?
  • Are they not romantically involved with one another?
  • Do they have any dialogue that isn’t comforting or supporting a white character?
  • Is one of them definitely not magic?[73]

A simplified version by Nikesh Shukla proposed a Bechdel-type test: “Two main characters who are people of color talk to each other without mentioning their race.”

References

  1. ^ Demby, Gene (January 30, 2012). "Sundance 2012: Ava DuVernay Becomes First Black Woman To Win Best Director Prize For Middle Of Nowhere". Huffington Post. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
  2. ^ Farabee, Mindy (December 20, 2012). "Ava DuVernay no longer in 'Middle of Nowhere'". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
  3. ^ "Golden Globes: 'Selma's' Ava DuVernay Becomes First Black Woman to Receive Director Nomination". The Hollywood Reporter. December 11, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  4. ^ Suskind, Alex (December 17, 2014). "How Ava DuVernay struck a chord with Selma". The Guardian. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  5. ^ a b Keegan, Rebecca. "With 'A Wrinkle In Time,' Ava DuVernay will pass a milestone". latimes.com. Retrieved 2017-02-19.
  6. ^ a b c "Ava DuVernay". biography.com/A&E Television Networks. 2016-05-24. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
  7. ^ Stated on Finding Your Roots, October 24, 2017
  8. ^ "Ava DuVernay Reviews 'Straight Outta Compton' in 18 Tweets: 'They Got It Right'". TheWrap. 2015-08-16. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
  9. ^ "SJ Alumna Receives A Golden Globe Nomination". St. Joseph's High School. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  10. ^ a b c Wright, Bekah (October 1, 2012). "Direct Action". UCLA Magazine. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
  11. ^ Traister, Rebecca (2016-09-19). "In Conversation: Ava DuVernay". New York Magazine. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
  12. ^ Simon, Bob (8 February 2015). "Where 'Selma' Meets Hollywood" (TV interview/segment). 60 Minutes. CBS News. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
  13. ^ Edwards, Gavin (January 5, 2015). "We Shall Overcome: Ava DuVernay on Making 'Selma'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  14. ^ Stewart, Alicia W. (October 25, 2012). "Filmmaker Ava DuVernay uses a lens of legacy". CNN. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
  15. ^ a b Rickey, Carrie (2012-10-05). "She's a Graduate of an Unusual Film School". New York Times. Retrieved 2016-09-24.
  16. ^ Brown, Emma (October 11, 2012). "In the Middle of Somewhere with Ava DuVernay and Emayatzy Corinealdi". Interview Magazine. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  17. ^ "Middle of Nowhere – Writer/Director Ava DuVernay". Filmmaker Magazine. January 20, 2012. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
  18. ^ Ebert, Roger. "Ebert Presents review of I Will Follow". Ebert Presents: At the Movies. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
  19. ^ Roger Ebert (March 8, 2011). "Review of 'I Will Follow". The Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
  20. ^ "Nine for IX: 'Venus Vs.'". ESPN. 26 June 2013. Archived from the original on May 27, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ Davis, Rachaell (22 September 2016). "Why Is August 28 So Special To Black People? Ava DuVernay Reveals All In New NMAAHC Film". Essence. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  22. ^ Obenson, Tambay (July 11, 2013). "Huge! Ava DuVernay Tapped By Brad Pitt's Plan B To Take Over Lee Daniels' 'Selma'". Indiewire. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  23. ^ Jagernauth, Kevin (June 20, 2014). "Ava DuVernay's 'Selma' Enters Oscar Race, Sets Christmas Day Release". Indiewire. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
  24. ^ Hornaday, Ann (December 26, 2014). "DuVernay, David Oyelowo on breaking Martin Luther King Jr. out of myth and into life". Washington Post. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  25. ^ Brody, Richard (December 29, 2014). "The Crucial Lessons of Democracy in "Selma"". The New Yorker. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  26. ^ Milliken, Mary (January 6, 2015). "'Selma' director makes history before awards are bestowed". Reuters. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  27. ^ Harris, Mark (January 28, 2015). "How 'Selma' Got Smeared: On historical drama and its malcontents". Grantland. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  28. ^ a b Goodman, Amy (January 27, 2015). "Selma Director Ava DuVernay on Hollywood's Lack of Diversity, Oscar Snub and #OscarsSoWhite Hashtag". Democracy Now!. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  29. ^ "List of 87th Academy Award Winners". ABC News. Associated Press. February 23, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
  30. ^ "Oscars 2015: A Look at Biggest Latino Oscar Winners of the Past". LatinPost. February 22, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
  31. ^ Cox, Gordon (19 July 2016). "2016 New York Film Festival to Open With Ava DuVernay Documentary 'The 13th'". Variety.
  32. ^ Smith, Nigel M. (2016-09-26). "The 13th: inside Ava DuVernay's Netflix prison documentary on racial inequality". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-02-16.
  33. ^ Lockett, Dee (19 July 2016). "Ava DuVernay's The 13th Will Be the First Documentary to Ever Open the New York Film Festival". Vulture.
  34. ^ "13th (2016)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  35. ^ "Oscar Nominations". The Oscars. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
  36. ^ "Ava DuVernay Doesn't Want Praise, She Wants Change". Vogue. Retrieved 2017-02-19.
  37. ^ Kendrick, Ben. "Script in the Works for 'A Wrinkle in Time'". Screen Rant. Screen Rant. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  38. ^ Fernandez, Jay (October 14, 2010). "Bedrock taps Jeff Stockwell to adapt 'Wrinkle'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
  39. ^ McNary, Dave (August 5, 2014). "'Frozen' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt 'A Wrinkle in Time' for Disney". Variety. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
  40. ^ Han, Angie (August 5, 2014). "'Frozen' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt 'A Wrinkle in Time'". /Film. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
  41. ^ Kit, Borys (February 8, 2016). "Lupita Nyong'o in Talks to Star in Sci-Fi Thriller With Ava DuVernay Eyed to Direct (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
  42. ^ http://collider.com/a-wrinkle-in-time-movie-ava-duvernay-disney/
  43. ^ Obenson, Tambay A. (July 12, 2013). "Ava DuVernay Will Direct An Episode Of 'Scandal' Next Season". Indiewire. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
  44. ^ Goldberg, Lesley (March 10, 2015). "'Selma's' Ava DuVernay 'For Justice'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  45. ^ Andreeva, Nellie (February 2, 2015). "Oprah Winfrey To Co-Star In & Co-Create With 'Selma' Filmmaker Ava DuVernay 'Queen Sugar' OWN Drama Series". Deadline.com. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
  46. ^ Wilson, Stacey (February 18, 2015). "'Selma' Director Ava DuVernay on 'Awkward and Weird' First Meeting With Oprah Winfrey". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  47. ^ Slezak, Michael. "Rutina Wesley Lands Lead in OWN's Ava DuVernay Drama Queen Sugar". Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  48. ^ Queen Sugar, retrieved 2016-12-17
  49. ^ Cieply, Michael (January 7, 2011). "Building an Alliance to Aid Films by Blacks". The New York Times. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  50. ^ a b c d e Martin, Michael T.; DuVernay, Ava (2015-01-01). "Conversations with Ava DuVernay: "A Call to Action": Organizing Principles of an Activist Cinematic Practice". Black Camera. 6 (1): 57–91. doi:10.2979/blackcamera.6.1.57. ISSN 1947-4237.
  51. ^ "Heineken Affinity Award Presented by Tribeca Film Institute". Archived from the original on October 30, 2014. Retrieved December 3, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  52. ^ Rosenberg, Alyssa (January 26, 2015). "'Selma' criticism isn't stopping Ava DuVernay". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  53. ^ Gettell, Oliver (January 26, 2015). "Ava DuVernay, David Oyelowo to reunite on Hurricane Katrina drama". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  54. ^ "'The Door' by Ava DuVernay". Miu Miu. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
  55. ^ Rothe, E. Nina (August 30, 2013). "Best of Venice 70: 'Miu Miu Women's Tales' – The Door and Le Donne della Vucciria". Huffington Post.
  56. ^ "Ava DuVernay Celebrates The Beauty of Black Love in "Say Yes"". Shine. August 15, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
  57. ^ Macaulay, Scott (September 19, 2013). "Ava DuVernay and AFFRM Launch Podcast, 'The Call In,' with Andrew Dosumnu". Filmmaker Magazine. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
  58. ^ Setoodeh, Ramin (March 14, 2015). "'Selma's' Ava DuVernay: 'Studios Aren't Lining Up for Black Protagonists'". Variety. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
  59. ^ "Ava DuVernay Keynote". SXSW. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
  60. ^ Obenson, Tambay A. (March 17, 2015). "Watch Ava DuVernay's Rousing SXSW Keynote Address". Indiewire. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
  61. ^ Canfield, David (March 18, 2015). "SXSW: The 7 Best Things We Learned From Ava DuVernay's Keynote Speech". Indiewire. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
  62. ^ Abramovitch, Seth (March 14, 2015). "SXSW: Ava DuVernay Calls Oscars a "Room in L.A." at Rousing Keynote". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
  63. ^ Weisman, Jon (June 28, 2013). "Film Academy Invites 276 New Members". Variety. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
  64. ^ "Tribeca Film Institute's Inaugural Heineken Affinity Award Goes To Ava DuVernay ($20,000 + Industry Support)". Indiewire. April 21, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
  65. ^ "Women in Film, Los Angeles Celebrates 2015 Crystal + Lucy Awards Honorees: Nicole Kidman, Jill Soloway, Ava DuVernay, Kate Mara, Sue Kroll and Toni Howard" (PDF). Women in Film. Retrieved April 1, 2015.[permanent dead link]
  66. ^ Kang, Inkoo (March 31, 2015). "Nicole Kidman, Ava DuVernay, Jill Soloway Among Women in Film's 2015 Crystal + Lucy Awardees". Indiewire. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  67. ^ Lee, Benjamin (24 April 2015). "Holding out for a Shero: Selma director Ava DuVernay gets her own Barbie doll". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  68. ^ Cunningham, Todd (6 December 2015). "Ava DuVernay Barbie Doll to Go on Sale Monday, Director Says". TheWrap. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  69. ^ Jenelle Riley (2016-10-03). "2017 Oscars: Diversity Makes Comeback, Record Six Black Actor Nominees". Variety. Retrieved 2017-01-25.
  70. ^ "Best Documentary Feature". heraldextra.com. 2017-01-18. Retrieved 2017-01-25.
  71. ^ Tapley, Kristopher (December 23, 2014). "'Selma' dominates Black Film Critics Circle awards". HitFix. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  72. ^ Could This Be the Bechdel Test for Race?, Dayna Evans, thecut.com, 2016-02-01, accessed 2017-06-20
  73. ^ How to fix Hollywood's race problem, Nadia Latif and Leila Latif, The Guardian, 2016-01-19, accessed 2017-06-20
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